theme 2 hardware
TRANSCRIPT
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UNIT 2 - What is ICT?Hardware components
Software
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Electronic device: uses electronicsignals Input - entering data
Operation manipulating data
Output sending out/retrievinginformation
Input Operation Output
The computer processing
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Remember: stores data - facts or words,figures, numbers, pictures, sound digitally
Follow a set of instructions:- programme
Input CPUIM/PM Output
EM/SMThe computer system
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Input device: keyboardProcess: CPUMemory: store dataOutput device: monitor or
printer
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CPU or processor or microprocessor forms the brain of a computer:
Controls communication
Controls mathematical & logic instruction processesThe more powerful the CPU the more powerful the computer - speed
Megahertz (900 MHz or 2.2 GHz) the speedat which amicroprocessor executes instructions:
Pentium IV
Celeron
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Intel CPU (microprocessor)
Pentium IV or Newer and faster units
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Advanced Micro Devices (AMD): AMD Athlon 64 FX
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Stores programs (instructions) and datapermanentlyCauses the computer to operate (BIOS)
Nonvolatile storage medium
BIOS uses Flash memory, a type of ROM
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Loads files, programmes and data duringexecution from external media hard disk
Temporarystorage transfers data tosecondary memory
Volatile storage medium
More bytes- fasterprocessing
Bits - binary digit: basic storage units of data (0, 1)
8 BITS - 01000001 = 1 BYTE e.g. kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB)
[capacity of the memory]
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Byte (B) 8 bits
Kilobyte (KB) 1,000 bytes
Megabyte (MB) 1,000,000 bytes
Gigabyte (GB) 1,000,000,000 bytes
Terabyte (TB) 1,000,000,000,000 bytes
Yottabit (YB) 1024 bytes
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DisketteFlash drivesMemory sticks
Hard disk/driveDiscs CD
ROM
DVD
Blue ray
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DiskettesDiskettes
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Typically used in digitalcameras / Personal Digitalassistants (PDAs)
Different formats exist
Multi-purpose card readersavailable that readdifferent formats
Data can easily betransferred to computers
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Hard drivesHard drives
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/2_5_inch_hard_disk_P1160109.jpg -
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CD-ROM: Compact Disk Read OnlyMemory
CD-R: CD RecordableCD-RW: CD ReWriteableDVD: Digital Versatile DiscBlue Ray
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CD-RW 700 MB,CD-RW 700 MB,
80 min. Rewritable disc80 min. Rewritable disc
CD-R 700 MB,CD-R 700 MB,
80 min.80 min.
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Secondary memory:
DVD-R 4.7 GB,DVD-R 4.7 GB,
240 min.240 min.
DVD-RW 4.7 GB,DVD-RW 4.7 GB,
240 min.240 min.
Rewritable discRewritable disc
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Secondary memory:
Blue ray (sl)Blue ray (sl)
25 GB25 GB
Blue ray (dl)Blue ray (dl)
50 GB50 GB
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Types of
media
Data capacity Type Portable
media
Diskette
(A drive)
1.44 MB or 1.20MB Magnetic Yes
Flash drives Up to 16 GB16 GB Digital Yes
Hard drive From 200 GB200 GB to . Magnetic Yes/No
CD-ROM 700 MB / 80 minutes audio Optical Yes
DVD 4.7 (sl) or 8.5 (dl) GB Optical Yes
Blue Ray 25 (sl) or 50 (dl) GB Optical Yes
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Keyboards Ergonomic keyboards Optical-mechanical mice Optical mice Cordless devices Laser miceTrackballsJoysticks
InterfacesTouchscreens
http://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Keyboards.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Ergonomic_keyboards.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Opto-mechanical_mice.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Optical_mice.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Cordless_devices.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Laser_mice.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Trackballs.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Joysticks.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Interfaces.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Touchscreens.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Touchscreens.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Interfaces.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Joysticks.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Trackballs.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Laser_mice.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Cordless_devices.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Optical_mice.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Opto-mechanical_mice.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Ergonomic_keyboards.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Keyboards.htm -
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I t d i M
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Input device: Mouse
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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Joyopis.svg -
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Displays informationMonitors size is expressed in inchesPixels (picture elements) - resolution
of a monitor (640x480 pixels) Resolution- sharpness and clarity of an
image
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http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://imall.ntu.edu.sg/pic/monitor--.jpg&imgrefurl=http://imall.ntu.edu.sg/Category.asp%3FCategoryName%3DMonitor%2B&h=1200&w=1488&sz=56&hl=en&start=131&sig2=1i2ciA5hmfmoR6VsQxyweg&um=1&tbnid=7z2nt183QVRX6M:&tbnh=121&tbnw=150&ei=QJiISJqZDqKg0QTCi8WUCA&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmonitor%26start%3D120%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sz-wholesale.com/uploadFiles/17%2520CRT%2520Monitor_558.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sz-wholesale.com/shenzhen_China_products/Computer-Monitor_1.htm&h=500&w=500&sz=29&hl=en&start=21&sig2=1dzflx0Q-ISSzmCFljuIFQ&um=1&tbnid=2tpopUSfELnnWM:&tbnh=130&tbnw=130&ei=85eISLnJNZPA0wSc6_ShCA&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmonitor%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us%26sa%3DN -
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Dot matrix: low quality, slow &noisy (metal pins + inked ribbon + paper)
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Inkjet: good quality, better than dotmatrix
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Laser: high quality, fast & quiet
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Personal Digital Assistant(hand-held device withmany characteristics of acomputer):
view & edit documents& spreadsheets, playmusic/games, diary,email, Internet
designed to complementa computer, and not tonot replace one
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Quality & cost
Performance
CPU Hard drive
Capacity (Memory: RAM)
Upgradeable