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The ZSL-CMRP Experience

Rona Joy Asis-Loma Biologist, ZSL-CMRP

Nursery

• temporary storage

of seedlings

• provide mangrove

seedlings of the

required species

in the required

numbers and

sizes at a given

time

• Nursery-reared plants

sturdier

• Small seeds not suitable for

direct planting

• Survival along the seafront

is higher for nursery-raised

seedlings (vs propagules)

Nursery

Large-scale or commercial

seedlings for sale

Small-scale or backyard

planting on site; short projects

Family Species

Acanthaceae 1. Acanthus ebracteatus

2. A. ilicifolius

3. A. volubilis

Avicenniaceae 4. Avicennia alba

5. A. officinalis

6. A. marina

7. A. rumphiana

Bombacaceae 8. Camptostemon philippinensis

Combretaceae 9. Lumnitzera littorea

10. L. racemosa

11. L. roceaC

Euphorbiaceae 12. Excoecaria agallocha

Lythraceae 13. Pemphis acidula

Meliaceae 14. Xylocarpus granatum

15. X. moluccensis

Myrsinaceae 16. Aegiceras corniculatum

17. A. floridum

Family Species

Myrtaceae 18. Osbornia octodonta

Palmae 19. Nypa fruticans

Rhizophoraceae 20. Bruguiera cylindrica

21. B. gymnorrhiza

22. B. parviflora

23. B. sexangula

24. Ceriops decandra

25. C. tagal

26. Kandelia candel

27. Rhizophora apiculata

28. R. lamarckiiC

29. R. mucronata

30. R. stylosa

Rubiacea 31. Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea

Sonneratiaceae 32. Sonneratia alba

33. S. caseolaris

34. S. gulngaiC

35. S. ovata

Sources: Brown & Fischer, 1920; Arroyo, 1979; Fernando & Pancho, 1980; Tomlinson, 1986; Spalding et al., 1997; Yao, 1999

C hybrids

Mangrove species and families in the Philippines

Mangrove nursery establishment and operation

Steps in mangrove nursery establishment & operation

• Site selection

• Preparation for field collection

• Collection and bagging of wildings

• Collection and planting of seeds/propagules

• Maintenance

• Seedling selection and transport


Site selection

1. Natural tidal flow/ inundation

during spring tide

2. Protection from waves

3. relatively flat, with firm

substrate and well-drained

4. under the shade of

mangrove/other trees

5. proximity to the planting site

6. preferably close to

freshwater supply

7. preferably close to

seed/propagule sources


Site selection Sections of large-scale nurseries

1. preparation area

2. production area

3. office-storage area

4. fence

5. shade (for younger seedlings)

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Preparation for field collection

1. Consult commercial calendars

(with tide levels) to select

suitable date and time

2. Collectors prepare,

appropriate clothes, rubber

shoes/ booties

3. Prepare logistics and materials

Prior to the fieldwork

Bagging can be conducted

from 5-10 Jan and 19-24 Jan.


Preparation for field collection

1. Briefing/orientation

2. Ratio of 1 supervisor

15-20 participants

On the day of the fieldwork

seed/wilding collectors baggers haulers


Collection and bagging of wildings

1. Look for “seedling

banks”

2. Collect wildings not more

than 40 cm (with at least

6 leaves)

3. Use a shovel or digging

blade

soil still attached to

the roots

4. Smaller wildings (10-20

cm long) need to be

conditioned 3-4 mo up

to 1 year in the nursery

Bigger wildings may be

transplanted directly



5. Check viability of Rhizophora

propagules in mud


Collection and planting of seeds/propagules 1. Collection during peak of fruiting season

2. When collecting fruits, check the color and texture for maturity.

Exclude fruits with damage.

Species Seeds or

propagules

Indicators of maturitya Collection timeb

Avicennia spp.

(api-api)

Propagules Seed coat changes from green to light yellow; seed coat

becomes wrinkly and oftentimes opens

May/June-Sep

A. marina

(bungalon)

Propagules Seed coat changes from green to light yellow; seed coat

becomes wrinkly and oftentimes opens

May-Sep

Bruguiera spp.

(busain)

Propagules No ring-like mark; green propagules turns

brownish/bronze and drops without the pericarp or cap

Year round

Bruguiera spp.

(pototan lalake)

Propagules Tip of hypocotyl changes from green to brown Year round

Ceriops tagal (tangal) Propagules Presence of ring-like mark (abscission layer) below

pericarp or cap (up to 1 cm wide)

Year round

Rhizophora apiculata

(bakawan lalake)

Propagules Presence of ring-like mark (abscission layer) below


Year round

R. mucronata

(bakawan babae)



Year round

R. stylosa

(bakawan bato)



Year round

S.alba (pagatpat) Seeds Fruits turn shiny or yellowish and soft Year round

X.granatum (tabigi) Seeds Fruits change from light brown to dark brown April, August

Afrom Field, 1996. bfrom Primavera et al.., 2004


Collection and planting of seeds/propagules


3. Propagules should not be transported

between islands.

4. Seeds and propagules can be stored

in a shady, cool and dry place and

should be planted within 1 week to 1

month

• 10-20 days for A. marina and A.

corniculatum

• 1 month for Rhizophora spp.

5. Sow and germinate seeds. Water,

fertilize, protect from pest.

• large seeds and propagules

- individual containers

• small seeds

- seedbed prior to transfer in

individual bags



1. Visit nursery at least 2-3 times

weekly

2. Healthy plants have green leaves

and are pest-free

3. Remove diseased plants and bury

them

Maintenance

Pest: Coccotrypes fallax

Remedy: sun-dried or air-

dried for 1-2 weeks prior

to planting in polybags


4. Polybags should be

separated from the

bottom of the nursery

with plastic sheet lining

5. If seedlings are stunted

due to small bags,

transfer to bigger bags

without damaging the

roots.

Maintenance


1. Regularly segregate seedlings by

species and sizes for easy transport

and hauling

2. Prepare crates or modified seedling

carriers

Seedling selection and transport


Onsite/backyard nurseries are easy to set up

and maintain because of access

Use of wildings: using nature’s excess to

save time

Salamat!

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