the world of islam chapter 6 -and-the-birth-of-islam.html
TRANSCRIPT
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The World of IslamChapter 6http://study.com/academy/lesson/muhammad-and-the-birth-of-islam.html
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The Rise of Islam: The Arabs• The Arabian Peninsula is a
desert land.
• Early Arabs were nomads
• They were organized into tribes to help one another.
• The ruler of the tribe was called a sheikh.
• The sheikh was chosen by a council of elders.
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• They lived as farmers and sheepherders.
• Once camels were domesticated they began to populate the desert areas.
• They also made a living by raiding trading caravans that passed through the desert.
• Arabs later participating in caravan trading themselves.
• Makkah (Mecca) to present day Yemen and then by ship across the Indian Ocean.
• Tensions arose as merchants showed less concern for the welfare of the poor and slaves.
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Religion• Polytheistic
• Recognized a supreme god named Allah, but they also believed in other tribal gods.
• Abraham and Ishmael
• They believed they built a house of worship called Kaab at Makkah (Mecca) called the Black Stone and the reverend it because of its association with Abraham.
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The Life of Muhammad• Born in Makkah in 570 AD
• Married a rich widow named Khadija
• Caravan manger
• Concerned with the greediness of the wealthy.
• Went to the hills to meditate.
• Muslims believe, Muhammad received revelations from God given by the Angel Gabriel.
• Believed the final revelations of Allah were being given to him.
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• These revelations were written down in the Quran, the holy scriptures of Islam.
• People that practice Islam is called Muslims.
• Muslims believed that there is only one God, Allah, and that Muhammad is his prophet.
• Most of the people of Makkah did not accept his message.
• Muhammad and his followers moved to Yathrib (Madinah).
• This journey was known as the Hijrah. It marked year 1 of the Islam calendar.
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• Muhammad became both a religious and political leader.
• Returned to Makkah in 630 with ten thousand men, the city surrendered and most of the people converted to Islam.
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The Teachings of Muhammad• Islam is monotheistic
• Believed Allah is the only God, who created the universe and everything in it.
• Islam offers the hope of an afterlife
• Muhammad was considered to be a prophet
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The Five Pillars of Islam• Islam stresses the need to obey the will of Allah including the
five pillars of Islam.
• Islam is not just a set of beliefs but also a way of life.
• After Muhammad’s death, Muslim scholars drew up a set of laws to regulate daily life, called shari’ah.
• Muslims are forbidden to gamble, eat pork, drink alcohol, or engage in dishonest behavior.
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Section 6.2
The Arab Empire and its Successors
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STARTER
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Creation of an Arab Empire• There was no successor after Muhammad died.
• Followers chose Abu Bakr – his father-in-law over Ali his cousin and son-in-law – caliph (would cause conflict later)(meaning successor to Muhammad).
• Under Abu, Arabs spread Islam and defeated Byzantium army at Syria – Arabic custom of raiding one’s enemies to expand the movement, the Quran called it Jihad – “struggle for God”
• Conquered people were not forced to convert to Islam.
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Umayyad Conquests• In the interest of peace, the majority of
Muslims accepted the Umayyads’ rule.
• A minority did continue to resist, and around some of these groups an alternate view of the office of caliph developed.
• In this view, the caliph—the person most responsible for spreading Muhammad’s message—needed to be a relative of the Prophet.
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• This group was called Shi’a, meaning the “party” of Ali.
• Those who did not outwardly resist the rule of the Umayyads became known as Sunni, meaning followers of Muhammad’s example.
• Another group, the Sufi (SOO•fee), reacted to the luxurious life of the Umayyads by pursuing a life of poverty and devotion to a spiritual path. – They tried to achieve direct personal
contact with God through mystical means, such as meditation andchanting.
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Islam splits– Shiite – only accept rulers who are
descendants of Ali (supporters of Ali)– Sunni – accepted the Umayyads as
rulers
• Still source of conflict and division today!
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The Umayyads and the Abbassids• These powerful caliphates ruled the Islamic world, expanded the Arab
empire, and brought about a golden age in Muslim civilization.
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UMAYYADS
Set up dynasty that ruled until 750 and moved capital to Damascus
Conquered lands from Atlantic to the Indus Valley
Relied on local officials to govern the empire: the Umayyads themselves lived in great luxury.
Faced economic tensions between wealthy and poor Arabs
Split in Islam occurs during their reign – between Sunni, Shi’a, Sufi.
ABBASSIDS
Overthrew the Umayyads in 750
Moved capital to Baghdad
Ended Arab dominance and helped make Islam a universal religion
Empire of the caliphs reached its greatest wealth and power through strong trade network.
Muslim civilization enjoyed a Golden Age
Difficulty controlling vast empire.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6dCxo7t_aE
World Religions
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STARTER
• Name the Five Pillars of Islam
• Who was the religious and political leader of Islam? (Hint: he was considered to be a prophet)
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EXPLAIN• In 5 separate groups read about the religion that was given to
you.
• Write down facts about your religion on chart paper.
• Add illustrations to your chart.
• Present to the class
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Religions
1.Christianity
2.Buddhism
3.Islam
4.Judaism
5.Hinduism
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ACTIVITY• Create a World Religion booklet each page should contain
information about the religion. (who, what, when, where, and how)
• Each page should have a picture
• On the cover page there should also be a title and picture.
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Two Content Layout with Table• First bullet point here
• Second bullet point here
• Third bullet point here
Group A Group B
Class 1 82 95
Class 2 76 88
Class 3 84 90
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Two Content Layout with SmartArt
Group A• Task 1• Task 2
Group B• Task 1• Task 2
Group C• Task 1
• First bullet point here
• Second bullet point here
• Third bullet point here
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Click icon to add picture