the whole 2010-2011 new zealand seismic sequence revealed by … · 2014. 6. 12. · the whole...
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The whole 2010-2011 New Zealand seismic sequence revealed by DInSAR and time-series data
Stefano SalviE. Trasatti, C. Tolomei,, J. Merryman, A. Antonioli, S. Atzori and M. Moro
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy
P. Riccardi, P. Pasquali , A. Cantone
SARMAP sa, Switzerland
S. C. Bannister
GNS Science, New Zelaland
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The following results have been produced in the framework of the SIGRIS project funded by ASI to demonstrate operational services for seismic risk management
(www.sigris.it)
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• SIGRIS is a HW/SW infrastructure devoted to the generation of information products to support Civil Protection activities for Seismic Risk management.
• SIGRIS products are based on satellite imagery and integrate ground data where available.
• SIGRIS is operated by INGV (scientific institution).
• Main focus is on the use of COSMO-Skymed data.
The SIGRIS system
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• Knowledge & Prevention, i.e. support to the Seismic Hazard assessment (demonstrated for the Italian territory)
• Warning & Crisis, i.e. support to the Emergency management (demonstrated worldwide)
The SIGRIS product families
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SIGRIS demonstration for earthquake crises worldwide
• Central Pakistan , Mw=6.4, October 2008
• Chile, Mw=8.8, February 2010
• L’Aquila, Italy, Mw=6.3, April 2009
• Yushu, China, Mw=6.9, April 2010
• Canterbury, New Zealand, Mw=7.1, September 2010
• Christchurch, Mw=6.3, New Zealand, February 2011
• Tohoku, Japan, Mw=9.0, March 2011
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The 2010-2011 New Zealand earthquake sequence
• September 4, 2010, the Darfield earthquake: Mw=7.1
• February 21, 2011, the Christchurch earthquake: Mw=6.3
• June 12, 2011, a further large earthquake: Mw=6.3
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The Darfield earthquake
• Magnitude 7.1• September 4, 2010
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Data sets for the Darfield EQ:
• ENVISAT • ALOS/Palsar
• EROS B (Optical)
• Seismological data
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SIGRIS product: map of the fault scarps(EROS B data, 0.6 m resolution)
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Map of the fault scarps
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SIGRIS product: co-seismic deformation maps
ALOS
August 13September 28
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Co-seismic deformation maps
ENVISAT
September 1October 6
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Co-seismic deformation maps
ALOS
Dextral slip ~3.7 m
LOS
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Co-seismic deformation maps
Azimuth displacement from ALOS dataIntensity cross-correlation ; 1 km x 1 km windows ; 200 m x 200 m posting
Displacement corrected for ionospheric
errors [Raucoules
and De Michele, GRSL 2010] :
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Co-seismic deformation maps
Slant-range displacement from offset-trackingMean accuracies (coherence = 0.5) = 1/60th of the resolution cell (20 cm)
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SIGRIS product: seismic source models (incremental)
Non- linear inversion
Geometries constrained also by relocated seismicity
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Seismic source models (incremental)
Non- linear inversion
Geometries constrained also by relocated seismicity
View from the N
View from the SW
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Seismic source models Linear inversion
Geodetic Mo=4.7 1019 Nm
Seismic Mo=3.5 1019 Nm (USGS)
Variable patch size approachAtzori and Antonioli, 2011, Optimal fault resolution in geodetic inversion of coseismic data, Geoph. J. Int.
View from the NE
Red: modelGreen: ALOS data
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SIGRIS planned COSMO post-seismic acquisitions after the Darfield earthquake
16-day repeat pass
At least 1 year ascending and descending coverage
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The Christchurch earthquake
• Magnitude 6.3• February 21, 2011
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Data sets for the Christchurch EQ:
• COSMO-SkyMed (data acquisition started October 2010)• ALOS/Palsar
• Seismological data
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SIGRIS product: co-seismic deformation maps
ALOS COSMO COSMO
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SIGRIS product: seismic source models (incremental)
Linear inversion
Geodetic Moment2.4 * 1018 Nm
Seismic Moment 1.9 * 1018 Nm (USGS)
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The Christchurch earthquake source
Christchurch
+50 cm
- 10 cm
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Further products: stress transfer analysisNo prior knowledge on other active faults in the Canterbury plain (all buried faults)
A posteriori analysis:CFF projected on the February 21 fault plane: all positive with maximum value 1.5 bar
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Further products: post-seismic analysis
COSMO-SkyMed acquisitions between the Darfield and Christchurch earthquakes (~5 months):
•12 images from the ascending orbit•14 images from the descending orbit
We used the SBAS technique (SarScape version).
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ALOS post-seismic interferogram (+8, 45)
GE
GW
GWGE
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COSMO ascending post-seismic interferogram (+41, 170)
GE
GW
GE
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COSMO descending post-seismic interferogram (+34, 170)
GE
GW
GE
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‐50
‐40
‐30
‐20
‐10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Displacem
ent, mm
Days since earthquake
COSMO ascending time series
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Mean Up velocity from COSMO (+40,170)
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Analysis of the post-seismic time series by FEM
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CONCLUSIONS
• A complex sequence of fault ruptures• Possible stress triggering for the Christchurch earthquake• Important role of fluids• Complex mix of post-seismic signals: afterslip, pore pressure
readjustment, possibly dilatancy recovery• Dense InSAR time series are the only way to fully analyse
these phenomena