the water metabolism of socio-ecosystems as a complex issue

Summer School 2013

Session 3.a Water grammar

Cristina MadridWed, September 10th 2014

Contents

1. Fundamental issues of water

2. The Water Grammar

3. Crunching numbers I

a) Mauritius: the societal view

b) Mauritius: the environmental view

4. Crunching numbers II: Scenarios Ecuador

3b Environment3a Society

Is not changing its material form

2 Grammar1 Issues

Why water is different? (1)

It is a continuum

Impredicative definition as resource

Which means…

4 Ecuador

Comparing with energy

(Fossil) EnergyUnidimensional

Stock-Flow

Irreversible

Society [T, dt]

1

Input Output

Society [T, dt]

Input Output

2

Fossil Stocks Funds

Funds Funds

Funds

Ecosystem [Ɵ, dθ] Ecosystem [Ɵ, dθ]

WaterMultidimensional

Fund-Flow

Cyclic

Flow

Fund

3b Environment3a Society2 Grammar1 Issues 4 Ecuador

Misfit issues

Definition of the waterobservation system

Political

Hydrological

Economic

How to organize accounting?


Build a water grammar?(Defining the system)

Definition of the Levels:• Relevant functions• Analytical Compartments

Relation between levels• Relevant Flow Categories• Joint levels

FlowFund ?

PoliticalNatural?

3b Environment3a Society2 Grammar 4 Ecuador1 Issues

International trade

IndiaWater funds/

Punjab

s+1s+2

Householdsvs

Paid Work

s-1

Economicsectors

s-2

Viability check

Societal logicWater used by societal fundsSocietal funds describe thelevels of analysis:• human activity or• land use

e/s (SES)

Ecosystems

e+1

River basins

e-1

Sub-basins

e-2

Water cycle

e+2Ecosystem logicWater funds describe the levels of analysis

Feasibilitycheck

Chained functionality:Functions provide services to maintaint functions at lower level

CONFLICTIVE LOGIC IN DENDOGRAM

International trade

IndiaWater funds/

Punjab

e/s (SES)s+1s+2

Householdsvs

Paid Work

s-1

Ecosystems

e+1

River basins

e-1

Sub-basins

e-2

Economicsectors

s-2

Water cycle

e+2

Hyerarchicallevels

represented in dendogram

Viability check

Societal logicWater used by societal fundsSocietal funds describe thelevels of analysis:• human activity or• land use

Ecosystem logicWater funds describe the levels of analysis

Feasibilitycheck

Triadic reading 2: “the internal view”Triadic reading 1: “the external view”

n n-1e n-2e+1

Water use by society

Taken from ecosystems

Consumption

Production

Households

Agriculture

Industry

Services

Aquifers

Soil

Surface

Rain

Inflow

e+2

Water cycle


Ecosystem Society Ecosystem

Withdrawal(Re)Use, recycle Spills

Path

s-1Focal Level (e/s) s-2e+1

Societal Functions

Water bodies

Ecosystem

e+2

Climate SocietySocietal

Subfunctions

Analitical Levels

Recharge Supply Availability Appropriation

Extraction Use UseAppropriation

Watershed perspective Problemshed perspective

Differences in system definition


Role System definitionProcesses (Semantic

Categories)Water Types

Fun

d

Water Cycle e+2 Non Applicable --

Ecosystem e+1 Ecological Water SupplyRain & other precipitationExternal Inflow

Water funds Focal level e Water Appropriation

SurfaceGroundSoilQualitative LossVirtual Imported*

Flo

w

SocietyFocal level n

Gross Water Use

DivertedNon-diverted (In situ)

PollutedQuantitative loss

End Usersn-i

Net Water Use

CitizenEconomy

EnergyEvapotranspirationIrrigation Virtual Exported

Importance of defining categories


FUNDS STRUCTURE THE ANALYSIS

FLOWS CROSS SYSTEMS


How to define water use?

Direct Indirect

• Direct perspective: – Direct Accounting of flows entering a

fund

– Traditional MFA

– Also known as production perspective

• Indirect perspective: – Accounting of flows needed to maintain

a fund

– MuSIASEM

– Also known as consumptionperspective

– Derived in the idea of “virtual” and “footprint”


Importance of defining categories II


Indicator/

Compartme

nt (societal

function)

USE

Total

DISTRIBUTED NON-DISTRIBUTED

TOTAL

distributedLIFE CITIZENSHIP ECONOMY IRRIGAT.

ET

(green)

Energy

Cool.

Hydro

power

Whole (n) 1,599 649 11 73 66 498 718 4 228% of USE 100 41 1 5 4 31 45 0 14

% of

Extraction94 38 1 4 4 29 42 0 13

HH (n-1) 84 84 11 73 0 0 0 0 0HH-Urban

(n-2)35 35 5 31 0 0 0 0 0

HH-Rural

(n-2)49 49 6 42 0 0 0 0 0

PW (n-1) 1,515 565 0 0 66 498 718 4 228PW-SG (n-2) 15 15 0 0 15 0 0 0 0PW-TR (n-2) 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0PW-BM (n-2) 23 23 0 0 23 0 0 0 0PW-EM (n-2) 258 25 0 0 25 0 0 4 228PW-AG (n-2) 1,218 500 0 0 2 498 718 0 0

PW-AG-

Sugar Cane

(n-3)

1,106 426 0 0 0 426 680 0 0

Statistical sources

Estimations from HA Estimations from energy

Estimations from LU


FOOD-related

Compartimentalization

Production

(ton)

Area

harvested

(ha)

Blue Water

USE (hm3)

Green Water

USE (hm3)

Group 1 - Cereals, Roots, and Pulses 24,772 1,880 0 6

Group 2 - Meat, Milk and Products 71,741 7,000 4.7 0

Group 3 - Vegetables, Fruits and

products91,561 5,683 0 22

Group 4 - Oil crops, oil and fats 2,083 214 0 1

Group 5 - Stimulants 7,380 698 0 7

Group 6 - Sugar crops 4,362,118 58,710 426 680

Group 7 - Others 2,784 310 0 1

Non Food 310 213 0 1

TOTAL USE AG 4,562,749 74,707 498 718

Units l/head/day Heads Heads m3-NWU Ha

Animal Water Req. Production Slaughtered TWT Area

Cattle 24 1,180 9,700 129,985

7,000

Goats & Sheep 6 5,569 9,500 30,061

Pig 18 11,106 11,383 74,408

Chicken 0 46,200,000 4,553,010

Rabbit 2

Game meat 45 23,148

TOTAL 17,855 4,787,464 7,000


Unit hm3 hm3 hm3 hm3 hm3 hm3 hm3 hm3

Crop/Indicator ETg-1 ETb-2 ETg-2 ETb -3 ETg -3 ET blue ET green ET total

Group 1 4 0 1 1 0 6 6

Maize 1 0 0 0 0 1 1Potatoes 2 0 1 1 0 4 4Sweet potatoes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Cassava 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Taro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Beans and Peas 1 0 0 0 0 1 1

Unitha mm

(l/m2)mm (l/m2)

ha mm (l/m2)

mm (l/m2)

ha mm (l/m2)

mm (l/m2)

ha

Crop/IndicatorAreaHarvested

BCWR 1 GCWR 1 AREA 1 BCWR 2 GCWR 2 AREA 2 BCWR 3 GCWR 3 AREA 3

Group 1 1,880 0 300 1,122 0 289 445 0 386 312

Maize 335 0 278 200 0 273 79 0 418 56Potatoes 1,072 0 320 640 0 316 254 0 478 178Sweet potatoes 74 0 310 44 0 306 17 0 374 12Cassava 38 0 290 23 0 286 9 0 6Taro 36 0 329 21 0 324 9 0 6Beans and Peas 326 0 269 194 0 227 77 275 54


Indicator/Compartment (Supply

system)

Extraction-TOTAL

Water Renewable Res ources (WRR) Extraction

as (%) WRRSurface Inflow

Ground Inflow

Total

Territorial System Covered (n+1)

1,492 2,055 778 2,834 53

Mare Aux Vacoas-Upper (n+1)

252 344 130 474 53

Mare Aux Vacoas-Lower (n+1)

193 88 34 122 158

Port-Louis (n+1) 291 562 213 775 38

North (n+1) 291 259 98 358 81

South (n+1) 247 383 145 528 47

East (n+1) 229 464 176 640 36

Uncovered (n+1) 214 820 311 1,130 19

TOTAL (n) 1,706 2,875 1,089 3,964 43

Indicator/ Compartmen

t

Extraction

Total

EXT Blue-

Surface

EXT Blue-

Ground

EXT Gree

n

USE Losses

USE Total

Whole (n) 1,706 555 432 718 108 1,599

HH (n-1) 98 74 24 0 14 84

HH-Urban(n-2)

41 31 10 0 0 35

HH-Rural (n-2)

57 43 14 0 0 49

PW (n-1) 1,608 481 408 718 94 1,515

PW-SG (n-2) 17 13 4 0 2 15

PW-TR (n-2) 1.72 1.30 0.42 0 0 1

PW-BM (n-2) 27 20 7 0 4 23

PW-EM (n-2) 262 255 7 0 4 258

PW-AG (n-2) 1,300 192 390 718 84 1,218


Summer School 2014

[email protected]

Abundant water resourcesLack of infrastructureViolation of Human Rights


Issue 1. Lack of InformationIssue 2. GIS for feasibility assessmentIssue 3. Desirability

International Markets

Watersheds/ Ecuador

e/s (SES)s+1

SocitalFunctions

s-1

Ecosystem

e+1

Cuencas

e-1

Subcuencas

e-2

SocietalSubfunctions

s-2

Water Cycle

e+2

Axi

s re

pre

sen

tati

on

and

var

iab

les

Water Fund: Availability

Water Flow: Use

Recharge

Supply

Appropriation

Use Use

Appropriation

Availability/ Extraction


Incl

ud

ing

geo

grap

hic

alre

fere

nce

Scaling Up

Ecuador: 1st country with GIS water accounting


Papel Estructuras Tipos de agua Tipos incluidos/Calidad

Fon

do

RecargaPrecipitación XFlujo Transronterizo

Apropiación

Agua Superficial XAquifero XSuelo XAgua Virtual Importada

Flu

jo

ExtracciónPotabilizaciónCanalizado

Depuración

Uso

Vida (Hogares)Ciudadanía (Hogares) XEconomía X

Energía XEvapotranspiración XRiego X

Agua Virtual Exportada

Analytical categories


PRECIPITACIÓN

AGUAS SUPERFICIALES

POTABILIZACIÓN

SECTOR ENERGÉTICO

HOGARES

OTRO TRABAJO REMUNERADO

AGRICULTURA

USO DIRECTOEXTRACCIÓN

CANALIZADO

AGUAS SUBTERRANEAS

SUELO1.9DEPURACIÓN

APROPIACIÓNRECARGA

TRANSFRONTERA

1.4

0.5

DIS

TRIB

UC

IÓN

6.48.6

5.4

4.9

6.5

0

424

134

?? ??

INEC:Extracciones por fuenteAquaStat:Extracciones por fuente (119%)SENAGUAConcesiones (600%)

AquaStat:Recursos renovables

SENAGUA:% pérdidasINEC:Volumen pérdidas (8%)No existe: Potabilización

INEC:Suministro empresas (12%)AquaStat:Extracciones PW*CropwatRequerimiento cultivosAquasat:Coeficiente diario

3b Environment3a Society2 Grammar1 Issues 4 EcuadorGramática del agua para el Ecuador hoy (Hm3)

% Variación para el Ecuador 2035. Aumento de población a 20 mill personas. (133%) Dieta vegetariana.

PRECIPITACIÓN

AGUAS SUPERFICIALES

POTABILIZACIÓN

SECTOR ENERGÉTICO

HOGARES

OTRO TRABAJO REMUNERADO

AGRICULTURA

CANALIZADO

AGUAS SUBTERRANEAS

SUELO109DEPURACIÓNTRANSFRONTERA

129

146

DIS

TRIB

UC

IÓN

115222

131*

131*

255

0

424*

134*

Cambios en uso del suelo

Cambios matriz productiva

Cambios matriz energética

Cambios en explotación:Actual: Acuífero 3.6%, Rio 1.2%Escenario: Acuífero 4.7%, Rio 1.6%


Feas

ibili

ty

Eco

syst

em

sup

ply

Demarca.Precipitación

(mm)Evapotranspiración

(mm)Percolación

(mm)Suelo (mm) Escorrentia (mm)

Guayas 4.292 187 2.587 2.626 1.386

Demarca. Recarga (mm)

TOTAL (SES) 2.031


Wh

atis

de

seab

ility

?

Pe

rce

pti

on

Ori

gin

Comparing:

Current pattern and Option perceived as more desirable


Sew

age

Co

nn

ect

ion

Equal Value Participative value

Most Desirable: 1

Less Desirable: max

Regional comparisons Procede

ncia

Conexión

Alcantarillado

Escusado

Ducha

Parroquia B

Procedencia

Conexión

Alcantarillado

Escusado

Ducha

Parroquia A

Procedencia

Conexión

Alcantarillado

Escusado

Ducha

Parroquia C

• 40% populationwith good services

• Reachng 90%


Procedencia

Conexión

Alcantarillado

Escusado

Ducha

Parroquia X

Most

Desirable

Summer School 2014

[email protected]

the water metabolism of socio-ecosystems as a complex issue

Environment

water cyclee

grammar1 issueswhy water

societal fundssocietal

ecological water supplyrain

b environment3a societyis

categories3b environment3a

hyerarchical levels

ecosystem e