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Directions to the Water Resource Recovery Utility of the Future!
The Water – Energy Nexus The Utility of the Future!
Ed McCormick McCormick Strategic Water Management
Michigan Water Resource Recovery Leadership Summit April 8, 2016
Presentation Overview
• “Water-Energy-Nexus”
• The Water Resource Recovery “Revolution”
• Economic and Climate Drivers
• Sector-wide Water Resources “Utility of the Future, Today” Recognition Program
• Call to Action - the Revolution “Starts Now!”
MSU Spartans!
Golden State Warriors 70 – 9!
East Bay Municipal Utility District Oakland, California, United States
1st North American Water Resource Recovery Utility to become a Net Producer of Renewable Energy - 2012
WEF Vision
A community of empowered professionals creating a
healthy global water environment!
Chicago, Illinois September 26 - 30
WEFTEC – Largest Annual Water Event in the World!
WEF’s Mission As a global water sector leader, our mission is to:
• Connect water professionals
• Enrich the expertise of water professionals
• Increase the awareness of the value and impact of water
• Provide a platform for water sector innovation
Water – Energy Nexus
The Fundamental Building Blocks of Global Economies
Water Food
Energy Climate/ Environment
Earth Biosphere
From “The Climate Nexus”, Water, Food, Energy and Biodiversity in a Changing World, by Dr. Jon O’Riordan and Robert William Sandford, 2015, RM Books; Simon Fraser U. Adaptation to Climate Change Team (ACT findings.
Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) January 2015
Climate Change – Why “2 degrees C”?
• Average global temperature rise above pre-industrial (~1880) level
• We are presently at ~+0.85 degrees Celsius rise *
• < 2 degree rise keeps tundra/permafrost from thawing – and allow human adaptation to work
• At current rate, we will reach 2 degrees by 2030 **
* Source: NASA, NOAA, etc ** Source: The Climate Nexus, O’Riordan & Sandford, 2015
Population Growth
• Human Population Explosion from 1 to 7.3 billion in the last 210 years
….plus Fossil Fuels
• Industrial Revolution - Fossil Fuels “Anthropocene Era”
• 280 400 ppm CO2
6th Mass Extinction of Species
What’s up with the Extreme Weather?
California – Most Severe Drought in 1200 years!
Historical Roles for Wastewater Utilities
• Protector of public health
• Protector of the environment
Water Resource Recovery
innovation
Reinventing the WWTP as a “Water Resource Recovery
Facility”
Driving Forces
– Environmental Sustainability
– Water Scarcity/Resilience
– Economic benefits
N E W = Nutrients, Energy, Water
Water Resource Recovery
Strass Plant in Austria
Water Utility of the Future!
Nutrients/
Natural
Fertilizer
CNG, Biodiesel
Recycled Water Wastewater
Organic/Food Waste
Fats, Oils, and Grease
Water Resource Recovery Facility
Renewable Electricity & Heat
WEF – WERF - NACWA
Utility of the Future A Blueprint for Action
Transitioning from Wastewater Treatment To Water Resource Recovery
Effluent is recycled, not discharged!
Global Water Use
70% Agricultural
20% Industrial
10% Residential
Michigan’s Water Consumption
Agriculture 39%
Power 27%
Public Supply 21%
Other Industrial 10% Domestic Wells 3%
Source: Water Withdrawals and Water Use in Michigan, Saichon Seedang and Patricia E. Norris. MSU, February 2011.
The Water – Energy Nexus
• Energy sector consumes 15% of the world’s water
• Water sector consumes over 7% of the world’s energy (19% in California!)
• Conserving water also conserves energy
• Conserving energy conserves water
Water Use per Person
The Developing World’s Rising Standard of Living
Grains Fruit &
Vegetables Meat &
Dairy
Water Consumption for Power Generation
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Nuclear Oil Coal NaturalGas
Solar Wind
Litr
es
pe
r M
Wh
Source: Water for Energy, Chapter 17 of the World Energy Outlook, International Energy Agency, 2012
Water Reuse
Source: NatGeo
Source: WERF
Water Needed to Produce Food
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Vegetables Chicken Pork Beef
Tho
usa
nd
s o
f G
allo
ns
pe
r P
ou
nd
Source: Pacific Institute
Treatment plants become net energy producers…nutrient harvesters
Energy Use in Water Sector
Drinking water and wastewater consumes:
• 3-4% of U.S. electricity1
• 7% of worldwide electricity1
• 19% of California electricity!2
1. Electric Power Research Institute (Burton 1996)
2. Energy Down the Drain: The Hidden Costs of
California’s Water Supply
Biogas Co-generation
WASTE BIOGAS GREEN ENERGY
http://www.appleton.org/
Co-Digestion!
• Renewable Electricity
& Heat
– Fats, oils, grease
– Organic “wastes”
• Clean gas and use as transportation fuel
Stevens Point, WI
Kobe, Japan – CNG Fleet
EBMUD Food Waste to Energy
• Commercial Food Waste
– SF Bay Area ~1,700 tpd day
– Sustainable, local, high
energy value feed stock
• Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission credits – biogas
use
Solid and Liquid Waste
Receiving Station
Food Waste Delivery
Program Benefits
• Provides a sound, environmentally-
responsible discharge option for high
strength trucked organic “wastes”
• Diverts waste from landfills
• Creates renewable “green” power
Michigan State University
Communities are re-designed to integrate
Green & Gray Infrastructure
Utilities engage with their communities
Communicate
the
Value of Water, Food &
Energy!
www.thevalueofwater.org
What the Water Sector is Doing to Respond
• Water & Energy Vision
• Water & Energy Team & Champion
“Culture eats strategy for breakfast” - Tom Peters
Create a Water & Energy Efficiency Culture
Energy Summit Participants
Utilities
Regulators
Research & Academia
Manufacturers Energy Sector
Consulting Engineers
Water, Science & Engineering
Center
Water - Energy Summit
• Strategic Management • Organizational Culture • Demand Reduction – Conservation • Renewable Energy Production • Outreach & Communications
Energy Content of Wastewater is 5x Energy Needed for Treatment!
Thermal 80%
Chemical 20%
Thermal Chemical Hydraulic
WERF Project ENER1C12a (2014)
The Revolution Starts Now! • A New Ethic in how we produce & consume
water and energy
What is Accelerating the Revolution?
1. Decreasing Cost of New Technologies
2. Public Policy Changes
• Mandatory Renewable Portfolio Standards
3. Physical Events
• Weather event-related insurance settlements have tripled in 30 years
• Lloyd’s determined the effect of sea level rise
increased their Super Storm Sandy cost payout by 30% in NYC alone – led to “Stress Testing”
4. Investor Concerns
• Climate Change threatens our financial resilience and long-term prosperity
• Fossil fuel reserves will be stranded to stay within a 2 degree Celsius rise – driving valuation of companies that produce and consume fossil fuels lower over time
• Divestment is already quietly underway….60 cities worldwide
WRRF Energy Use
Activated Sludge
• Uses ~50% of the energy demand of a typical wastewater treatment plant
• Activated Sludge was first utilized in 1913
• We need new – more energy efficient - technology!
• Anaerobic Secondary Treatment is on the horizon!
Water Sector Must reduce its Energy Footprint!
• Energy Efficiency - Conservation!
• Thermal Recovery
• Anaerobic Secondary (less energy intensive treatment technologies)
• Bottled Water
Energy Sector – Moving to Renewables!
• Significantly reduces water consumption
• Frees up water for global growth
- agriculture
- drinking water
• Reduces climate impacts/greenhouse gases
Energy Sector Must Reduce its Water Footprint!
• Water Conservation
• Industrial Water Reuse
• Renewable Energy
• Biofuels
Renewable Energy
Energy Sector
• Solar
• Wind
• Geothermal
• Biomass
Water Sector
• Biogas - Electricity & Heat
- Vehicle Fuel
- Biomethanization
• Heat Recovery
The Water - Food Nexus
• 70+% of the world’s water consumption
• Wasting food wastes water…. and energy
• 1/3 of food is wasted: 1/3rd x 70% = 23% of global water is wasted just from food waste!
If We Can Reduce Food Waste by 80%
We already have the agricultural capacity to
feed 9 billion people!
Agricultural Sector Must reduce its Water Footprint!
• Move to efficient, drip irrigation
• Reduce Food Loss
• Reduce Consumer Food Waste
• Shift production to more vegetable protein
• Aquaculture/insect farms
WEF Strategic Goal “4a”
“Collaborate with water sector partners to define and create a bold, aspirational, and public call to action
to accelerate resource recovery”
Sector-wide Recognition Program
“The Utility of the Future, Today”
Water Resource Recovery Utility of the Future!
Treatment plants become net energy producers…nutrient harvesters
Utilities engage with their communities
Towns are re-designed to integrate
Green & Gray Infrastructure
Water Resource Recovery
Revolution
Water is Life!
Directions to the Water Resource Recovery Utility of the Future!
Thank you!
Ed McCormick McCormick Strategic Water Management
[email protected] (510) 590 - 0259
Green Energy Project
Food Waste
EBMUD’s Power
Generation Station
EBMUD’s Anaerobic
Digesters
Biogas
Existing Food
Waste Processing
Facility at EBMUD
Food Waste Collection at
Local Restaurants
New Food Waste
Pre-processing
Facility at EBMUD
Contaminant Removal,
Size Reduction
Currently occurs at off-site locations in
Vacaville, San Carlos, and Martinez