The War of 1812

J.A.SACCO

““Mr. Madison’s War?”Mr. Madison’s War?”““Mr. Madison’s War?”Mr. Madison’s War?”

Divisions Over War

Support from South and West, mostly Democratic-Republicans

Federalists oppose—especially in New England Still Pro-British Hated Napoleon Didn’t want to acquire Canada—make agrarians

more powerful

America Not Ready For War?

Small army/ unreliable militias- 7000 soldiers/16 ships in the navy compared to 800 British ships

Lacked military and congressional leadership Nation weakened by financial problems/ no national

bank? Inflation of the money supply

Events of the War of 1812

Been called America’s worst fought war No decisive victory on either side/ a stalemate Small navy assisted by hundreds of privateers/ able to

harass the British navy- did much better than the U.S. Army

U. S. Invasions of 1812U. S. Invasions of 1812 U. S. Invasions of 1812U. S. Invasions of 1812•U.S. attack in Canada failed- Gen. William Hull defeated- Br. Take Detroit•Only U.S. victory was “Old Ironsides” at sea

Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813•Oliver Hazard Perry won a major victory on Lake Erie. •Allows Gen. William Henry Harrison to recover Detroit and march into Canada.•Harrison defeats a combined Br./Native American force at the Battle of the Thames. Tecumseh is killed.

Oh Say Can You SeeOh Say Can You SeeBy the Dawn’s Early Light…By the Dawn’s Early Light… -- -- Francis Scott KeyFrancis Scott Key

Oh Say Can You SeeOh Say Can You SeeBy the Dawn’s Early Light…By the Dawn’s Early Light… -- -- Francis Scott KeyFrancis Scott Key

Battle of Fort McHenry-1814

Key Victory at Plattsburgh

Thomas Macdonough and American troops stop British invasion of New York. Win victory at Lake Champlain.

Key defensive victory.

The Battle of New Orleans

Andrew Jackson and ragtag army—regulars, pirates, Frenchmen, free blacks

Most devastating defeat of British attack-2000 killed in half an hour!

Restored American honor and pride.

The Hartford Convention New England Federalists called in 1814, right before Battle of

New Orleans Hartford resolutions did not demand secession.

Did demand money from Washington D.C. to compensate for lost trade, also

Restrictions to make declaring an embargo and war more difficult (2/3 vote in Congress).

End 3/5 Compromise Presidents only to serve one term.

Presented resolutions right when war was over. Federalist party looked like traitors DEATH-KNELL OF THE FEDERALIST PARTY!

Treaty of GhentTreaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814December 24, 1814

Treaty of GhentTreaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814December 24, 1814

Impacts of War of 1812: America’s Second War for Independence?

Republic proved itself, increased respect See dangers of divided nation, increased

unity War heroes president—Harrison and

Jackson Indians lost more land. Increased economic independence.