the voyage of the scarlet knight
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The Voyage of the
Scarlet Knight
Sage Lichtenwalner
Tuckerton Seaport
September 8, 2010
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How many Oceans are there?
ONE!
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QuickTi
c
r
ss r r
t s
t
is ictur
.
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How do weHow do we
study thestudy theOcean?Ocean?
How do weHow do we
study thestudy theOcean?Ocean?
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The Early Years
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Alvin1964-Present
4,585 divesDepths of 15,000 ft
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Ship-based Oceanography
Advantages
We can see exactlywhats going on atthat moment.
We can make manymeasurements atonce.
We can obtain high-resolution data.
Disadvantages
Its expensive!
During storms, even
Oceanographerscan get seasick.
We only see whats
going on when wereout there.
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Cool new tools toCool new tools to
study thestudy theOceanOcean
Cool new tools toCool new tools to
study thestudy theOceanOcean
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CODAR Network Glider FleetL-Band & X-Band Satellite
Receivers
3-D Nowcasts
& Forecasts
Rutgers University - Coastal Ocean Observation Lab
Operations, Data Fusion & Training Center
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Satellites
in
Space
SurfaceCurrent
Radars
Underwater
Robotic
Gliders
A collection of instruments and
models that provide long-term
continuous data often in real-time
or near real-time.
Ocean Observatories
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Rutgers Satellite Systems
XX--BandBand(installed 2003)(installed 2003)
AquaAqua
TerraTerra
OceansatOceansat
LL--BandBand((installed 1992installed 1992))
NOAANOAA--1515
NOAANOAA--1717
NOAANOAA--1818
FY1FY1--DD
Tracking & ProcessingTracking & Processing
ComputersComputers
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Satellite DataSatellite DataSea Surface TemperatureSea Surface Temperature
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OCM Chlorophyll
India
MODISMODIS RGBRGB
USAUSA
FY1-D
ch7:ch9
China
AVHRRAVHRR--SSTSST
USAUSA
Seeing the Ocean in Color
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The Ocean Today
Temperature Chlorophyll
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The CODAR Surface Current Network
TransmitterAntenna ReceiverAntenna
A network of beach antennas along the entire Mid-Atlantic coast is able to
measure ocean surface currents out to a range of 200km.
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Standard RangeStandard Range1.5 km resolution1.5 km resolution
radial range 50kmradial range 50km
Long RangeLong Range6 km resolution6 km resolution
radial range 190 kmradial range 190 km
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NOAA
CODAR
SLDMB
Using Currentsfor Search & Rescue
Qui ir r
r t t i i tur .
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Underwater Gliders
ANew Way to Explore the Ocean
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How does aHow does a
Gliderwork?work?
How does aHow does a
Gliderwork?work?
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CTD
Fore Hull
Altimeter
Air Bladder
ControlBoard
SciencePayload Bay
Fin
CowlingAft Hull
Buoyancy
Pump
Antenna (Iridium,
Freewave, GPS &
Argos)
Anatomy of a Glider
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Buoyancy pump in the
glider pulls in 0.5 L of water
Glider begins to
dive downward
Push pump out
glider inflectsand begins to climb to the surface
one dive and one
climb is called a yo
When surfacing to
connect glider inflates
air bladder
How do Gliders Fly?
Qui iYUV4
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IridiumAntenna
ARGOS and FreeWave Antennas
How do Gliders Communicate?
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Sustained Observatory Operations from Multiple Locations
McDonalds WiFi
My Living Room Glider Recovery in Hawaii
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Enabling Technology: Line of sight
communication, CTD, alkaline batteries
GliderDevelopment: Enabling science over many scales (Beginning 1999)Inner-Shelf (30 km)
10 day missions
Scientific Impact:
Coastal upwelling
Inner shelf sediment transport
Near-shore phytoplankton blooms
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GliderDevelopment: Enabling science over many scales (Beginning 2003)Mid-Atlantic Bight (500 km)
30 day missions
Scientific Impact:
River Plumes
Ecological indicators for migratory fish
Role and response of the ocean to
tropical storms and noreasters
Enabling Technology: Satellite
communication, CTD, alkaline batteries,
modular science payload
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GliderDevelopment: Enabling science over many scales (Beginning 2008)Large Marine Ecosystems (2500 km)
60 day missions
Scientific Impact: Flux of heat and freshwater from
the north by the Labrador Current
Coldpool life cycle and impact on
ecosystem dynamics
Multi-decadal oscillations and impact on climate
Enabling Technology: Satellite
communication, CTD, lithium batteries,
Digifin, modular science payload
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GliderDevelopment: Enabling science over many scales (Beginning 2009)NorthAtlantic Basin (5000 km)
300 day missions
Scientific Impact: Feedback loop between climate and
ecosystems
Impact of rapid climate variability on ocean
circulation
Tropical storm generation and intensification
(ocean/atmosphere exchange)
Enabling Technology: Satellite
communication, CTD, lithium batteries,
Digifin, stretch science payload
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Rutgers Slocum Glider FleetRutgers Slocum Glider Fleet
Mediterranean SeaMediterranean Sea Perth, AustraliaPerth, AustraliaWest Florida ShelfWest Florida ShelfMidMid--Atlantic ShelfAtlantic Shelf
Liverpool BayLiverpool Bay
Coastal ObservatoryCoastal Observatory
Over 165 deployments worldwide (2003 9/7/10)
83, 03 km flown (Earths circ. ~ 0,000 km)
1,871 calendar days, 3,860 glider days in water500,000+ profiles
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RU15The first glider to fly from one country to another
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The voyages ofThe voyages of
RU17RU17&&
RU27RU27
The voyages ofThe voyages of
RU17RU17&&
RU27RU27
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Crossing the Shelf Break
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Navigating the Shelf Break
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Catching a ride on the Gulf Stream
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Satellite DataSatellite DataSea Surface TemperatureSea Surface Temperature
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Flying in Eddies
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Flying in Eddies
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On July 19th, 2008 Tropical Storm Bertha passed over R 17
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On September 22nd R 17 gets stuck in an eddy
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On October 28thwe lost connection with RU17
Leak detect voltage drops to 0. 2 volts
Lost connection with R 17
RU17 was within 20 km
of the Azores EEZ line
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R 17s full path
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R 17 AccomplishmentsR 17 Accomplishments R 17 flew a record breaking distance of 5,700.59 km
R 17 spent 160 days at sea (5 months and 1 week)
Increase in student involvement, partnership, and outreach
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Changes made to RU27Changes made to RU27
Reinforced CTD MountCTD mounts to glider on both ends so it is sturdier
Pressure Sensors
Now plastic rather then metal to prevent corrosion
200 meter pump
RU17 had a 100 meter pump
Biofoul Precautions
Rubberized hull coating
Biofoul paint
Aerodynamic WingrailsCoulomb Meter
Measures the amount of power left in the batteries
Software
Better software for flying deep
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The Track of RU27
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Biofouling
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RemorasRemora are visual predators, and
cannot see well at night. To help movethrough the night, they attach
themselves to other fish to get a free
ride.
Mi i C l S l K i h i h fi d b
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MissionComplete: Scarlet Knightisthe first underwaterrobot
tocrossanoceanbasin
221 Days
7,409 km11,000 Dives
11,000 Climbs
Energy equivalent of 8 minutes of
power for lights on the Rockefeller
Center Tree.
Tuckerton, New Jersey, USA Baiona, Galicia, Spain
Mi i C l t S l t K i ht i th fi t d t b t
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A heros Welcome, December 9, 2009
MissionComplete: Scarlet Knightisthe first underwaterrobot
tocrossanoceanbasin
D ti th StRutgers, The State University of New Jersey
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DocumentingtheStoryDena Seidel, Writers House
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
E iti th N t G ti i S i d E i i
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Building an International Community
Exciting the Next Generation in Science and Engineering
HMS Challenger Mission 1872-1876
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HMS Challenger Mission 1872-1876
First Dedicated Global Ocean Science Cruise
2012 - ????
Can a globally distributednetwork of early career
scientists & students repeat
the Challenger Mission with a
coordinated fleet of
underwater robotic gliders?
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Conclusions
The ocean is a large, complex and interconnected
ecosystem
Scientists are able to use new tools like gliders to
observe the ocean in greater detail
Gliders enable scientists and students to go to sea
anywhere in the world
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Research inResearch in
AntarcticaAntarctica
Research inResearch in
AntarcticaAntarctica
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-0.2 0.2Temperature trends per year
In 2008 the Wilkes Ice Sheet followed the Larson Ice Shelf
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Day 1 Day 3
Day 10
In 2008 the WilkesIceSheet followedtheLarsonIceShelf
andbegantocollapse
KRILL
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Juvenile krill in under-ice refuge
Greatest biomass of single animal species on planet
KRILL
SALP
Th h d h l
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These ice changes are expected to have large impacts onthe ecosystem. Expectations are specific critters will be
disproportionately impacted.
Adlie penguin
(Pygoscelis adeliae)
Adlie penguin
(Pygoscelis adeliae)
Ship Sampling Challenges
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Ship Sampling Challenges
in the Southern Ocean
Gliders in Antarctica: 2007Gliders in Antarctica: 2007 PresentPresent
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Gliders in Antarctica: 2007Gliders in Antarctica: 2007--PresentPresent
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Gliders in AntarcticaGliders in Antarctica
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Why do weWhy do westudy thestudy the
Ocean?Ocean?
Why do weWhy do westudy thestudy the
Ocean?Ocean?
Deepwater Horizon
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Deepwater HorizonOil Spill
June 19, 2010
May 19, 2010
Monitoring the Gulf Aug 16 2010
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Monitoring the Gulf Aug 16, 2010
Ocean Models
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Ocean Models
Ocean Connections: Gulf of Mexico to New Jersey
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OceanConnections: Gulfof Mexicoto New Jersey
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Covers 71% of the Earth's surface
Contains 97% of the Earth's water
Has an average depth of 12, 30feet
Makes up 99% of the living spaceon the planet
Has had less than 10% explored
by humans
Our Global Ocean
Hurricane Katrina (2005)
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Hurricane Katrina (2005)
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Land & Ocean Primary Production
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The Global Biosphere