PROGRESS OR DECLINE?

The Victorian Industrial Revolution

Produced and Written by Nate Aschim

In the early 19th century, England was mostly agricultural based. Families relied on production on the farm for survival.

New technological advances made factories grow quickly and become more efficient. These new job opportunities brought people into the cities.

Technology and the rise in population in cities brought severe pollution to England. Factories poured smoke out of their smokestacks and new machines also polluted the air.

When people moved into cities, they met a different world. The technological advances in the factories allowed production of mass quantities of goods, which brought on tremendous economic gains, and more profit for factory owners.

The expansion began making the owners search for cheaper labor, and the need for profit made them cut back on expenses; creating poor conditions for workers.

Women came into the workforce during the Industrial Revolution.

They faced universal discrimination, working equally long, difficult hours for less pay than men.

Another easy way to save money in the workplace was to hire children. They were put into factories at very young ages. Children worked in terrible environments. Although their jobs were typically more dangerous and difficult, children were paid less than other employees.

The dramatic escalation of pollution, dangerous conditions, and unfair pay, created an outcry for reform across England.

The Industrial Revolution moved forward and people began to call for better labor controls by the government. By mid-century, the government exposed the factories for using children unfairly.

With new legislation, the 1870 Education Act created school districts. These districts required taxpayers to build schools in each district, and a local board had the right to obligate children to go.

Women’s adversity in the factories became a rallying point for equal rights. Their independent wages, though small, helped build social equality.

Workers formed unions to pressure a fair deal from their employers. The unions negotiated equal rights, better conditions, and stable employment for the workers.

The 1870s legislation gave unions the right to strike, then the right to picket. The Match Girl Strike of 1888 famously called for improvement on conditions. Its outstanding success showed how far England had come since the early Revolution.

The Revolution brought dramatic change to England. By its end, children were out of factories and mines and in schools; women prevailed in the fight for suffrage; and unions established fair standards for workers.

With the Industrial Revolution over was the declination of England too much to overcome, or was the progression the beginning to a brighter future?

Written and Produced by:Nate Aschim

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