the vertical and horizontal distribution of bigeye tuna ... · 14th pices the vertical and...
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14th PICES
The vertical and horizontal distribution of The vertical and horizontal distribution of bigeyebigeye tuna (tuna (ThunnusThunnus obesusobesus) and ) and
yellowfinyellowfin tuna (tuna (ThunnusThunnus albacaresalbacares) related ) related to ocean structureto ocean structure
Eun Jung Kim 1,2, Suam Kim1, Dae-Yeon Moon2 and Jeong-Rack Koh2
1Pukyong National University2National Fisheries Research & Development Institute
Eun Jung Kim 1,2, Suam Kim1, Dae-Yeon Moon2 and Jeong-Rack Koh2
1Pukyong National University2National Fisheries Research & Development Institute
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IntroductionIntroduction
The tuna fishing area in the Tropical Pacific
Longline Fishing area
NINO3.4Warm pool High density areaPurse seine fishing area
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depth
Schematic vertical distribution of tuna species in Pacific
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W170E130 E150 E170
Skipjack tuna & environmental factors
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Bigeye tuna
(Thunnus obesus)
Yellowfin tuna
(Thunnus albacares)
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ObjectiveObjective
To find the response of spatial & vertical distribution of bigeye &
yellowfin tuna related to the oceanographic condition
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Horizontal distribution
of bigeye and yellowfin tuna
Horizontal distribution
of bigeye and yellowfin tuna
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www.themegallery.com
Materials & MethodsMaterials & Methods
FISHING AREAFISHING AREA
Fishing data
• About 200 Korean longline vessels
• Jan. 1999 –Dec. 2000
• Catch numbers of bigeye and yellowfin tuna
georeferenced in 5° grids of latitude and longitude.
• Fishing gravity centre of CPUE(G) in month j
Gj = ∑iLi(Cij/Eij)/∑i(Cij/Eij)
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ResultsResults
170W 160W 150W 140W 130W
5N
5S
0
1999 sep-nov
1999-2000 dec-feb
2000 march-may1999 jun-aug
2000 sep-nov
1999 mar-may2000 jun-aug
170W 160W 150W 140W 130W
5N
5S
02000 jun-aug 1999 mar-may
1999 jun-aug
1999 sep-nov
1999-2000 dec-feb
2000 march-may
2000 sep-nov
Seasonal change (3 months) of fishing centroids
Yellowfin tuna
Bigeye tuna
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ResultsResults
Monthly change of centroids
Longitudinal centroids Latitudinal centroids
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
Jan-
99
Mar
-99
May
-99
Jul-9
9
Sep-
99
Nov
-99
Jan-
00
Mar
-00
May
-00
Jul-0
0
Sep-
00
Nov
-00
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
r=0.449 (<0.05)
yellowfin
bigeye 4N2N
02S4S6S
130W
150W
170W
170E
Jan-
99
Mar
-99
May
-99
Jul-9
9
Sep-
99
Nov
-99
Jan-
00
Mar
-00
May
-00
Jul-0
0
Sep-
00
Nov
-00
Not significant
yellowfin
bigeye
What causes this change?
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190
195200
205
210
215220
225
230
1999
-01
1999
-03
1999
-05
1999
-07
1999
-09
1999
-11
2000
-01
2000
-03
2000
-05
2000
-07
2000
-09
2000
-11
23
24
25
26
27
28
190
195
200
205210
215
220
225
230
1999
-01
1999
-03
1999
-05
1999
-07
1999
-09
1999
-11
2000
-01
2000
-03
2000
-05
2000
-07
2000
-09
2000
-11
23
24
25
26
27
28
Yelloiwfin tuna
Longitudinal centroid of bigeye
SST in NINO3.4SST in NINO3.4
Longitudinal centroid of yellowfin
Not significantr=-0.465 (<0.05)
ResultsResults
150W
160W
170W
140W
130W
W
150W
160W
170W
140W
130WE
(C°) (C°)W
E
Longitudinal centroids & SST of NINO3.4
Bigeye tuna
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ResultsResults
170W 160W 150W 140W 130W
5N
5S
0
1999 sep-nov
1999-2000 dec-feb
2000 march-may1999 jun-aug
2000 sep-nov
1999 mar-may2000 jun-aug
170W 160W 150W 140W 130W
5N
5S
02000 jun-aug 1999 mar-may
1999 jun-aug
1999 sep-nov
1999-2000 dec-feb
2000 march-may
2000 sep-nov
Seasonal change (3 months) of fishing centroid
Yellowfin tuna
Bigeye tuna
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ResultsResults
Anomaly of SOI (Southern Oscillation Index)with longitudinal centroids
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Jan-99
Mar-99
May-99
Jul-99
Sep-99
Nov-99
Jan-00
Mar-00
May-00
Jul-00
Sep-00
Nov-00
SOI
Longitude
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
170W
160W
150W
140W
130W
W
E
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Vertical distribution
and yellowfin tuna
Vertical distribution
and yellowfin tunaof bigeyeof bigeye
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Materials & MethodsMaterials & Methods
Schematic view of a “basket” of tuna longline gear
Sea surfaceFloat line→
Main line→
Branch line→
↑hook
Float
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www.themegallery.com
Materials & MethodsMaterials & Methods
FISHING AREAFISHING AREA
Fishing data
• One fishing vessel, Sinyoung 53
• August 1999 – October 2000
• Catch per hook of 211 sets of longline setting
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Materials & MethodsMaterials & Methods
to calculate the depth of each hook…
Yoshihara formula (1951,1954)Dj=ha+hb+L{(1+cot2φ˚)1/2-[(1-2j/n)2+cot2φ˚]1/2}
No. of
hook
1(17)
2(16)
3(15)
4(14)
5(13)
6(12)
7(11)
8(10)
9
Depth
(m)131 164 207 247 286 322 351 372 379
120-190m 191-260m 261-330m 331-400m
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Materials & MethodsMaterials & Methods
Environmental data (TAO buoy data)(http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/index.html)Subsurface temperature (0-500m)
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ResultsResults
CPUEs of bigeye and yellowfin tuna in four depth
(No. of fish/1000 hooks)0 3 6 9
120-190m
191-260m
261-330m
331-400m
yellowfin bigeye
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1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350-500
-450
-400
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350-500
-450
-400
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350-500
-450
-400
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
160W 150W 140W 130W
160W 150W 140W 130W160W 150W 140W 130W-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Jan-99
Mar-99
May-99
Jul-99
Sep-99
Nov-99
Jan-00
Mar-00
May-00
Jul-00
Sep-00
Nov-00
SOI anomalyAugust – September, 1999
May – August, 2000October – April, 1999-2000
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SummarySummary
Spatial distribution with season was not clear, but catch locations of both species look coherent longitudinally.
Bigeye tuna seem to distribute further east than yellowfin tuna.
El Niño might affect on the longitudinal fishing grounds of both species. However, yellowfintuna response more sensitively to the environmental change than bigeye tuna.
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SummarySummary
Bigeye tuna located in deeper depth than yellowfin tuna.
When the SOI was negative (i.e., thermoclinewas shallow in the western area), the tuna distributions seemed to be located more in the western area, and vice versa.
The vertical movement was not clear from our study.
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Future studyFuture study
Use of more vertical data over longer
period
Investigation on distribution of several
tuna species under dynamical ocean
structure
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Part 3.Part 3.
Bait selectivityBait selectivity
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Materials & MethodsMaterials & Methods
Bait were used…
Mackerel
Horse mackerel
Squid
Sardine
Herring
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Results & Discussion
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
mackerel horsemackerel
squid sardine herring
fish/
100
baits
bigeye yellowfin
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ResultsResults
7.2
7.2
5.4
2
8.4
9
6.9
3.6
4.6
6.8
5.9
1.8
7.3
8.9
6.3
4.3
6.2
8.4
2.7
2.1
0 10 20 30 40 50
330-400m
260-330m
190-260m
120-190m
mackerel horse mackerel squid sardine herring
Bait selectivity of bigeye tuna
(no. of fish/1000 bait)
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ResultsResults
2.5
5.7
5.2
3.7
5.1
6.1
6.4
9.3
2.4
4.1
4.3
3.1
5.2
5.4
5.8
4.9
3.1
3.3
4.6
4.2
0 10 20 30 40
330-400m
260-330m
190-260m
120-190m
mackerel horse mackerel squid sardine herring
Bait selectivity of yellowfin tuna
(no. of fish/1000 bait)
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SummarySummary
Sardine and horse mackerel are the efficient bait for bigeye and yellowfintuna.
The order of bait efficiency is not change even the depth difference in both species.