THE 10

VEGAN Vol.22 No. 3 Autumn, 1975

CONTENTS

T h e Effec t of Man on the Animal K ingdom J. Sanderson

Vegan N u t r i t i o n ; Fats T. A. B. Sanders

N o n - v io lence in Med ic ine E. Scott

Blue P r i n t fo r a H u m a n e W o r l d and H u m a n e

Al te rna t ives to Animal P roduc t s .

(Summar ies of papers read to In te rna t iona l

Vegetar ian Congress) S. Coles and Others

Also

Recipes , Rev iews and Le t t e r s

A N D

Shopping wi th Eva

NATURE HAS AWAY

of providing pleasing healthful drinks with NatexTisanes

Herbal tisanes have long been recognised for their health virtues and pleasant appeal to the palate.

Natex Tisanes are easy to prepare herbal drinks in the form of tea bags, rapidly infused by the addition of boiling water. Can be enjoyed by the w hole family.

The herbs available are:-LIME FLOWERS. A soothing drink

beneficial togeneral health and restful sleep. ROSE HIPS. A pleasant beverage for a

delicate stomach. A gentle aid to regularity. PEPPERMINT. Excellent when tea cannot

be tolerated at night. It aids digestion and promotes restful sleep.

CAMOMILE. Well known for its value to the stomach and digestion. Enjoy life to the full with

M O D E R N H E A L T H P R O D U C T S Modern Health Products Ltd., Davis Road, Chessington, Surrey.

VEGAN SOCIETY Founded 1944 - Registered Charity

Veganism is a way of living on the products of the plant kingdom to the axclusion of fish, fowl, eggs, animal milk and its derivatives; it encourages the study and use of alternatives for all commodities normally derived wholly or partly from animals.

The objects of The Vegan Society are to further knowledge of, and interest in, sound nutrition and in the vegan method of agriculture and food production as a means of increasing the potential of the earth to the physical, moral and economic advantage of mankind.

President: Dr. Frey Ellis Deputy President: Mr.. J . Sanderson Vice-Presidents: Mrs E. Batt, Mrs. S. Coles, Mr. J. Dinshah,

Dr. C. Nimmo, Miss W. Simmons, Miss M. Simmons, Mrs. E. Shrigley.

Council: Mrs. E. Batt, Mrs. S, Coles, Dr. F. Ellis, Mr. J. Sanderson, f Mrs. G. Smith, Mrs. T. Wade, Mr. W. Wright.

Treasurer: Mrs. G. Smith, but all subscriptions, donations, etc. should be sent to the Secretary, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey.

Secretary: Mrs. K. Jannaway, address as above. Librarian: Mr. W. Wright, Hatton House, Church Lane, Cheshunt, Herts. Local Contacts Secretary: Mr. Hugo Stearn, Cherry Tree Cottage,

West Road, Bridport, Dorset. Subscriptions: £1.25 yearly, in January. Additional members at same

address not requiring an extra Journal, pensioners, juniors and students 63p.

THE VEGAN Quarterly Journal 80p per annum. FREE TO MEMBERS. Single copies 2 0 P

Post free. From the Secretary, address as above. Editors: J . Sanderson & K. Jannaway. Scientific Adviser: Dr. ~F. Ellis. Advertising Manager: Mrs. D. Hanson, Colchester.

The Editorial Board does not necessarily agree with opinions expressed by contributors to this magazine, or endorse advertisements. Published: March 21st, June 21st, Sept. 21st, Dec; 21st. Copy dates: 1st of preceding months.

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THE EFFECT OF MAN ON THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. "Cruelty goes on under the barbarous regime we call civilisation".

Thomas Hardy. Most men of all nations assume with or without religious sanction that they

have dominion over the animal kingdom. If an impartial judge were to examine how man uses this stewardship today, would he be pleased with what he found? He would observe that the largest animals, the whales, are being hunted to extinction, most of them dying a painful death, whilst the stocks of many smaller kinds are being sadly depleted. One of the most popular sports is said to be fishing. On hearing the word "sport", most of us will think of weekend games where a few individuals or teams will compete against each other in fair combat with a referee or umpire to see that most of the rules are obeyed. Our judge would think it strange that the same word "sport" should be used for the cruel instruments that pierce a fish' s throat, or for the spectacle in hare coursing of two hcuncfe playing tug-of-war with a live hare, or for the flying bird that has its legs shot off by a gunman. Foxes, stags, otters, badgers, bears and many other creatures are still being hunted the world over by methods that give them no "sporting" chance of escape.

He would be saddened by the wanton killing of elephants for their ivory, of cats of all sizes for their skins, of all the creatures caught in traps for their furs and particularly by the ensnaring of myriads of songbirds during the migrations in order that their pitiful little bodies be cooked as delicacies.

He would look with pity on the noble beasts who normally roam free, imprisoned in little cages away from the forests, many of them suffering the further indignity and degradation of being trained to perform in circuses.

On the credit side, he would observe that some animals (after being almost exterminated by man) were being preserved in game reserves, safari parks and bird sanctuaries, whilst there was still a measure of symbiosis between man and horse, or oxen and elephant, whether willing or unwilling, in the less developed parts of the world where some men behaved humanely towards their charges. Much love and care is also lavished by millions of human beings on certain animals that are set aside as pets and undoubtedly there is in many cases a truly symbiotic effect where both human and animal benefit. But many domesticated animals are not really cared for, as our friend would observe, especially at licence time. If he turned his attention to farming, he would find that the ecological patterns of insect life, and life in the soil, are being wrecked by the use of poison sprays and wrong methods of cultivation, whilst the domesticated food animals which used to roam in fields and pens are gradually being moved into prisons, where they may never see the green fields, or some even the light of day. They are not even regarded as creatures but as bodies to be fattened as quickly as possible, often with processed food that ought to have fed those men in other, poorer countries that grew it, or with dubious chemicals, hormones etc.

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the long term effects of which are unknown. . Even traditional methods of agriculture were full of hidden cruelties but

they are greatly exceeded by the inhuman methods being adopted today. Our observer would surely be appalled by the massive debt being continually incurred by the human race as it daily, week in, week out, grossly maltreats its younger brothers in evolution. Perhaps his greatest ire would be reserved for the millions of experiments which are carried on in laboratories all over the world in the name of medicine, where man uses innocent animals in experiments of all grades of cruelty in an attempt to put right the effects of his wrong living. But he would be even more sickened by the sight of all the experiments of a non-medical nature that are also carried out on defenceless animals in the name of "public safety" but really for commercial reasons ( a typical testing procedure for detergents is to apply paste to the eye of a rabbit - which is unable to move - for several hours. The rabbit cannot cry and flush the material from its eyes and its capacity for Irritation is greater than ours).

Collectively, there can be only one verdict on man's stewardship - Guilty of massive cruelty, wilful or thoughtless. This cruelty will continue until it is exposed and made known. The spirit and attitude of mind that produced the extermination camps for human beings in the Nazi ideology, is still being applied daily to the animal kingdom but much of its effects are not seen. The butcher is seen but not the abattoir, the chemist but not the vivisection laboratory, the furrier but not the traps, the produce but not the poison sprays. It is our job to make the facts known by journals, pamphlets, lectures, personal talks, letters to M. P. s and to the journals and the papers. The Animals Fair (see notice elsewhere) does a great work in sectionalized ways and many groups and societies are seeking to lift the burden from the animal kingdom. Methods of healing such as Homoeopathy and Radionics and groups encouraging non-animal research such as the Lawson Tait Trust, and the use of non-animal foodstuffs and commodities,are all helping to relieve the animals' condition. But only by living the full vegan way of life shall we free ourselves of blood guilt and live in true relationship with the nn<TYin1 kingdom.

J. SANDERSON.

"There slowly grew up in me an unshakable conviction that we have no right to inflict suffering and death on another living creature unless there is some unavoidable necessity for it, and that we ought all of us to feel what a horrible thing it is to cause suffering and death out of mere thoughtlessness. I have grown more and more certain that at the bottom of our heart we all think this, and that we fail to acknowledge it and to carry our belief into practice chiefly because we are afraid of being laughed at by other people as sentimentalists, though partly also because we allow our best feelings to get blunted • But I vowed that I would never be afraid of the reproach of sentimentalism."

Albert Schweitzer. 3.

I.V.U.CONGRESS As we go to press the International Vegetarian Union Congress will be meeting

at the University of Maine U. S. A. The Secretary of the Union, Brian Gunn King, is a member of the Vegan Society and there will be a number of vegans among the participants. Our official delegates are Serena Coles, Grace Smith and Margaret Gunn King. They will be reading papers, conducting classes, serving on a panel, presiding over our literature tab le t s well as taking advantage of other opportunities to spread the message.

We print below a shortened version of the paper that Serena Coles will read to a plenary session.

BLUEPRINT FOR A HUMANE WORLD Vegans are united in the belief that to be truly humane man must extend the circle i

of his compassion to all that lives, never taking life or causing pain unnecessarily. They are convinced that it is now abundantly clear that the slaughter and cruel exploitation of highly sentient creatures to provide food, or any other product for man, is totally unnecessary. On the contrary, we know that man's continued exploitation of animals is harming not only those animals but man himself; it involves the waste of scarce resources urgently needed to feed the world's hungry; it brings about deterioration of the environment and thus threatens the whole of life; above all, it strikes at the very roots of that belief in Love, Justice and Mercy which lies at the heart of all great religions, philosophies and humanitarian movements.

A truly humane world, then, will be a vegan world. It will be a truly compassionate world in which men will not have to stamp on their feelings of pity in order to live. It will be a fully aware world in which men will not have to shut their eyes to crimes committed on their behalf in order to keep sane. Few lacto-vegetarians can face up to the fact that their use of dairy produce involves them in dependence on the slaughter house as much as flesh eating. In addition, it involves cruel exploitation of cow and calf and hen.

A vegan, truly humane world will have no animal slaves and prisoners, no slaughterhouses, no unspeakable crimes perpetuated against defenceless creatures behind closed doors. The vegan system of agriculture will produce enough food and other necessities for its enlightened people from comparatively little land, so there will be wide acreage left for wild life where animals will roam free. Man will use his skills and understanding in their service.

We have all heard wonderful stories of individual associations between men and animals. With the master-slave relationship based on fear gone for ever, who knows how general such creative contacts may become and how potent they may be for the regeneration of the whole of Nature. Wise men of the past have had such visions. It could be our privilege to help towards their realisation.

Some compassionate, enlightened people hold back from veganism for fear of

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the effect on their health. Such fears are now groundless. The early difficulties of the first vegans have been overcome. The experiences of thirty years, checked by clinical investigations, show that no ingredients of animal origin are necessaiy in human nutrition, for the healthy development of babies and children or for mental and physical health into vigorous old age. Of course, the Vegan Society cannot guarantee health to its members. Health depends on many factors besides diet and, moreover, there are hazards for the minority In every type of diet - certainly in that based on animal products.

Animal milk is not properly balanced for human babies. Once separated from the mother it is a breeding ground for many infections, it carries residues of the drugs and hormones forced upon the poor cow and it has environmental pollutants.

Milk of any kind is unnecessary after weaning. Its use tends to deprive the body of the roughage important for the avoidance of such ills as appendicitis, diverticulitis, some cancers and heart diseases. Animal milk, cream, butter, cheese - are associated with high cholesterol levels and heart attacks, with catarrh, migraine, higher death rate from myocardial infarction and other hazards.

Animal milk natural ? What could be more UNnatural than the adults of a higher species suckling at the teats of a lower ? That is what in reality men do when they drink animal milk. The intervention of rubber tube and bottle only disguise the fact.

There will be none of this in a healthy, humane, vegan world. Human mothers will delight in feeding their babies themselves. Should there be any who cannot manage to do so, others will gladly give of their surplus. For the weaning of infants and for the old, or for any who want them, there will be a variety of nutritious drinks, produced at a fraction of the true cost - i. e. the environmental cost - of animal milk. A rich variety of health-giving fruits and vegetables of all kinds will be grown on the vast acres now given over to animal farming.

But, as I have said, good health depends on much more than what we eat. It depends, above all on right relationships - with our fellow men, the animals and the whole living world and on that which lies beyond. Such relationships will be so much more possible in a truly humane world. In such a world, man will be free from the violence, thefBxploitationand the self-deception that is so destructive of mental health in our present world. Already the adoption of the vegan way of life has brought liberation for many. Frequently, at the Society's Headquarters in England, we get letters from new vegans saying - "I feel so free and joyous now-I have never felt so spiritually alive". This in spite of the anguish of living in a cruel world.

Our present violent predatory way of living menaces the health of the whole environment. There is a widespread concern over the human population explosion but few people realise that the earth Is having to support a second population explosion - that of the animals deliberately bred by man. The earth canrot possibly support this double burden. Farm animals eat five times as much plant food as man and only comparatively little is made available to man as meat, milk and other animal products. Much publicity has been given lately to the waste of grain in meat production:

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little has been said of the high protein food, much of it grown in developing countries, that goes to keep cows in milk all the year round. The proportion of plant food lost to man by passing it through animals would more than satisfy the millions of people hungry in the world today.

The poor creatures deliberately bred and malformed for maximum exploitation, millions with no prospect of joy or significance in their factory farm existence, also compete with man for water, air, buildings, fuel, power, transport and vastly expensive research facilities. The toll they take of man's time, labour, brain power and skill in their breeding, feeding, care, medication and slaughter is immense. Bernard Shaw spoke truly of "man's endless slavery to the animals he exploits". It is sad to see young people today going in for self sufficiency projects taking on this burden. Many are quite unprepared for the stamping on their compassion- which is required when the time; comes to send the unwanted babies or the unprofitably-old animals to the slaughterhouse.

In a vegan world, fruits, vegetables and cereals would be grown in small fields in proper rotation. They would be surrounded with fruit and nut trees to give protection, check erosion and create micro-climates. Plant composting and green manuring techniques would be used to maintain fertility and, in some way, with adequate precautions, human excreta would be returned to the soil instead of being sent to pollute the sea. Human labour would be used to grow the food thus giving healthy outdoor exercise. Fairly shared and with good conditions and adequate tools, it need be a burden to no-one. Such vitally important work would be accorded the respect it merits. Men would live in societies small enough to enable them to relate to each other and meet each other's needs - to share each other's difficulties, sorrows and joys.

Dust bowls and deserts like the Sahara would be reclaimed by re-afforestation, and huge areas, now being given over to wasteful meat and milk production, would be released for wild life and regeneration into areas of beauty to nurture man's spirit. Man's widespread destruction of the forest to make way for the grazing animals, who prevent its regrowth, is now and has been throughout history his greatest crime against the health of the environment. It results in floods and droughts, soil erosion and the creation of deserts. Most of the areas recommended for sheep production could grow trees and, with careful planning, many other areas too. Trees can supply timber for so many of man's needs from "the cradle to the grave" and are a renewable source of fuel. Trees regulate the water supply, helping to keep that precious resource available for other forms of life. They check soil erosion and help to prevent both flood and drought.

Above all, trees give to man, who so easily goes astray through his own clever-ness, examples of gracious living in accordance with the age old systems of Nature. Every acre that can be spared from other essential use should go to restore the earth's tree cover.

Now that the animal products have been shown to be not only unnecessary but, in many respects, unsuitable,as food for humans,now that they are recognised as

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wasteful of the resources urgently needed to feed the world's hungry, nothing can justify the cruelty involved in their production.

Only age old habits, fear of being different, ignorance of alternatives, hinder progress along the road to humane living. With those who are already vegetarians lies very especially the responsibility to lead the way to the humane world - to the New Age, where the levels of joy and creativity glimpsed by the world's great prophets will be reached, when all creatures will live in harmony together and evolve in accordance with Truth.

HUMANE ALTERNATIVES Summary of paper read at L V. U. Congress by Serena Coles. The vast majority of people are quite unaware of the suffering involved in the

production of many of the things they use. When first confronted with the facts, most recoil in horror and disgust. Many then immediately shut their minds and go on living as before: these are the truly guilty ones and their cowardice has repercussions, not only in the world by providing continuing support for vile practices, but on their own mental health. An increasing number of people are finding the courage to face the situation and to do something about it? much can be done.

It's amazing the number of people that still boast of wearing "real fur", keeping the fact of its origin below the level of their consciousness. A young man of our Society once said to a woman parading a "real fur" coat - "Do you realise that the first owner of that coat was murdered in it?" - a stark statement of the truth but true none the less. Hundreds of millions of animals axeso murdered every year.

Some people deceive themselves that modern methods of fur trapping are humane but, as regards fur from wild animals, the old leg-hold trap remains the most popular with trappers because it is cheap, easy to use and effective. One once said "It is probable that no instrument was ever invented that caused as much suffering as the common steel trap". Some animals tear or bite off their own limbs to escape, others endure prolonged agony exposed to fear, freezing, predators, starvation. The use of such traps are banned in England and other countries, but we still manufacture and export them and remain one of the world's largest importers of the fur so obtained. Efforts have been made to market quick killing traps and the Canadian Association for Humane Trapping issues free "Conibear" traps to trappers who hand in "Leg-holds". But progress is veiy slow (conditions are worst in North America and the U. S. S. R.) and even with so called "humane" traps, a proportion of animals are caught by a distal part and suffer as in the old traps. Growing awareness is putting the trappers on the defensive (as in the seal trade for example) but it requires much greater effort from all of us to end the sordid business.

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Some people reassure themselves that modern fur production depends in large part on the "farming" of fur bearing animals. They are unaware that apart from involving imprisonment for life in small cages, this often involves violent painful death. Neck breaking, strychnine and electrocution can be followed by the skinning of conscious though motionless animals. Refinements of cruelty are practised to pander to the fashion conscious. For example, the South West Africa Karakul Board, comprising 2,500 breeders producing 4fmillion persian lamb skins a year, adopt the practice of beating the mother sheep to enforce the pre-mature birth of the lambs which are then skinned alive. There are other such companies Jr. other parts of the world.

It is all so unnecessary - there are many man-made fibres today that are as good, in many ways better, for human comfort thanthe skins "robbed with violence" from other animals. For those who like the look and feel of pile fabrics, simulated furs are cheaper, lighter and warmer, wear well and do not attract the moth. There are many types and brands available. Inquire about them in as many shops as you can: revealing a demand can help create a supply. But be careful - make sure that your simulated furs are really "first-hand'.' SWAKARA could sound like a simulated fabric but it is the persian lamb product' of the South West Africa Karakul Board described before.

Simulated furs are often so like animal furs that, if your wear them, people may think you are abetting murder, so why not wear a badge revealing the truth and thus help to educate public opinion - the only way to bring about change. Badges are obtainable from "Beauty Without Cruelty". ( See pages 22,23,24 )

Bemused with romantic notions of sheep shearing festivities in Merrie England, many people can see no harm in wool production. The sheep don't have to be killed, do they? Aren't they glad to get rid of their thick coats in summer time? Send for Eva Batt's leaflet "Wool Factories" (lp. +S. A. E.) and you will soon be enlightened.

Vegetarians have long realised that leather footwear is a by-product of the slaughterhouse - we have a leaflet on this too, also by Eva Batt and also lp. t S. A. E.

Some of the most disgusting exploitation of animals takes place to produce cosmetics and toilet preparations. For example, the Ontario Humane Society tells us that for the production of the hormone estrogen, used in face creams and lotions,- "Approximately 15,000 pregnant mares are kept in about 300 farms in Ontario especially for the production of urine. The urine is used for a variety of purposes. P. M. U. mares are kept in their stables for 5 to 7 months, often without any exercise, sometimes deprived of adequate water and even adequate diet. These animals stand, often in stalls so narrow that they cannot lie down, in special harness. "The foals,which are an unavoidable product of the system, are frequently unwanted and are sold to dealers at 7 to 10 days of age".'Despite convictions for cruelty, the trade continues without any adequate form of inspection." Extracts from the placenta of cows, ewes and sows are also used in face creams.

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Perfume is another innocent-looking but very guilty product when we measure the cost in cruelty to animals. For example, the most disgustingly crudmethods are used to extract a perfume fixative from the live, wild, Ethiopian civet cat. These animals, which will not breed in the distressing conditions of their captivity, are caught and imprisoned for life in small cages. Every few days, they are tormented so as to make them exude a secretion from their genital organs, the collection of which is a delicate operation in which any clumsiness can cause great pain. 1,250 kilos of this "musk" is exported annually from Ethiopia, mostly for the production of perfumes.

Other examples can be found in the leaflet produced by "Beauty Without Cruelty" Ltd. Commercial soaps can be made from all kinds of revolting substances, mostly waste products of the slaughterhouses. "Beauty Without Cruelty" products are made from vegetable oils - almond, avocado, coconut, corn, palm, pine, soya and wheat. The vegetable dyes and preservatives used are only those approved for use in food. Therefore "Beauty Without Cruelty" products are literally good enough to eat!

If all humane and aware people determine to free their own lives from the use of products of cruelty, if they spread their knowledge and example far and wide with all the energy at their disposal, if they demonstrate the use of humane alternatives, then the profit will go out of cruelty. Producers excuse cruel practices on the grounds that there is a demand for their products. It is up to us to see that that demand ceases to exist.

NON VIOLENCE IN MEDICINE Homoeopathy should have a special appeal for vegans because the action of

the remedies used has been tested on human volunteers and not on animals. It is a system of psychosomatic medicine in which the remedies prescribed have been evolved by experimenting with healthy people.

As its Greek derivation implies, homoeopathy is based on "like suffering". "Similia similibus curentur". "Let likes be treated with likes" is a fundamental law of Nature spoken of by Hippocrates, Paracelsus and other sages. Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, a Saxon doctor dissatisfied with the medical practices of his time (1790-1843), made the first scientific research establishing the existence of the law. He discovered that certain substances given to healthy people produced in them symptoms similar to those in people suffering from various diseases, and that these same substances in specially treated minute doses had great curative powers. To give an easily understood example: Coffee, which is a mental stimulant, will (in minute doses) cure a type of insomnia, which has the characteristics of an over active mind, whether caused by coffee drinking or some other factor.

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Remedy symptom pictures are obtained by "provings" on volunteers. The volunteer is given a plant tincture or potentised substance in repeated doses over a long period until symptoms are elicited. These provings are described in the "Homoeopathic Materia Medica".

Vegetable, mineral and animal substances are used to make the remedies but by far the greatest number are from plants. The substances are subjected to a series of dilutions. The resulting tinctures are classified according to the degree of dilution - for example, one part of the original substance with nine parts of . water, vigorously shaken for a few seconds, constitutes a lx potency in the decimal range. One part of this lx solution with nine parts of water and similarly succussed, constitutes a 2x potency and so on. In the centesimal potencies, the series is started with one part of the original substance to 99 parts of water, succussed to form a lc potency. The original substance is known as the "mother tincture". The usual range of potencies is from the mother tincture to lm (m representing 1,000) and higher. It is apparent that the commonly used potencies, above 6c, do not contain any material quantity of the original substance and it is thought that some intangible, latent energy is being produced and transferred to the material forms through the power of succussion. This eneigy increases as the material substance diminishes - a paradox which is hard to understand. That the power is there is apparent to anyone who has witnessed the use of homoeopathic remedies. For example after an accident, when the effect of shock can be instantly allayed by Arnica and intense fear by Aconite.

In homoeopathy, the keynote of successful treatment is individual attention, following the teaching of Hippocrates, the "Father of Medicine", who taught us to treat the whole physical condition, the whole personality and not iust a few symptoms r and, above all, to activate the latent energy in the human body to heal itself. Thus, there is no one remedy for a headache; one patient may require Iris, another Pulsatilla, yet another Bryonia etc., according to his mental, emotional and physical picture. For vegan patients, who would object to taking any of the few tinctures based on animal substances, plant based alternatives can be sought.

Conditions considered "incurable" will often improve under homoeopathic treatment. Tumours, rashes, inherited weaknesses, allergies, the effects of vaccination and inoculation - all have been known to give way to the magic of the minimum dose used in skilled hands. The effect of remedies is sometimes instantaneous, depending on the degree of exactitude of the simillimum given. Chronic illnesses take longer to respond but one small pilule of a long acting remedy can elicit a continuing response for a month or more. Contacts with infectious illnesses such as influenza, measles, mumps, etc., can take homoeo-pathic prophylactics. In a 'flu epidemic, a few doses of Gelsemium can give protection. Ih children's illnesses, Pulsatilla can be given to measles contacts, Drosera to whooping-cough contacts and Rhus Toxicodendron to protect from chicken-pox, etc. If an infectious disease does take hold, homoeopathy can abort or lessen the attack.

Animals react speedily to homoeopathy which is used in some veterinary practices. Wet eczema, parasites, coughs, epilepsy, heart conditions - all respond well, in spite of the difficulty of obtaining a good mental picture. Dogs, in old age, drag their back legs as they become weak and a few doses of Conium (Hemlock), in potency, will often give them a new lease of life. Cattle blown up with wind, can be relieved with Colchicum (Meadow Saffron) thus avoiding the usual stab with the knife.

Homoeopathic treatment is offered under the National Health Service at the Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital, Gt. Ormond St. WC1N 3HR, and others. Lists of hospitals, homoeopathic doctors, clinics and chemists throughout the British Isles can be obtained from the Faculty of Homoeopathy (Gt. Ormond St.). Also obtainable are introductory books on treatment for minor ailments and First Aid in the home. The excruciating pain of a finger caught in a door can be quickly allayed with Hypericum (St. John's Wort); minor burns soon quieten with tincture of Urtica Urens (Stinging Nettle) and Calendula (Marigold) Cream will help sores and open cuts to heal. In more serious illnesses, with the help of a First Aid book and some useful remedies such as Aconite, Arnica, Belladonna, Nux Vomica etc., the need for anitbiotics and injections may be avoided if treatment is given before the doctor arrives.

The remedies are available to all from the homoeopathic chemists. In London, A. Nelson & Co. Ltd., 75 Duke St., Grosvenor Sq., W1M 6BY or E. Gould & Son, 67 Moorgate, E. C. 2, sell over the counter and dispatch speedily by post to all parts of the world. They also sell some books and literature and will give advice. A First Aid Pack of useful remedies for use in the home can be purchased at a moderate price.

A growing number of orthodox doctors are training in homoeopathy as post-graduates. Intensive courses are offered by the London Homoeopathic Hospital to doctors and nurses (financial aid considered). Skill, sheer hard work and, above all, compassion for one's fellow man are needed to make a successful homoeopathic healer.

Homoeopathy is a rewarding study for those who can see the logical truths that lie behind it. Its method of individual treatment is greatly needed in a world where mass medication is the rule, where "new fashionable drugs"which do more to enhance the Drug Magnate's pocket than the patient's health, are frequently prer scribed. The essential gentleness of homoeopathy should commend it to all vegans. It offers them a positive alternative to orthodox medicine with its violent, symptom suppressing drugs based on the horrors of the vivisection laboratories.

E. SCOTT.

What you are, root and all, and all in all, I should know what God and man is ."

Tennyson. 11.

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Packet of 6 (with envelopes while stocks last) 12p.plus stamp for 2 ozs. " " " (without envelopes) lOp. " " 1 oz.

(or preferably stamped addressed economy label). "IN LIGHTER VEIN" by Eva Batt. - verses that amuse and yet stir to compassion. With its attractive illustrations, also by Jill Bennett, and shiny green cover - a most acceptable gift.

50p. plus stamp for 3o2E or preferably stamped addressed economy label. "SA LADINGS" by Mabel Cluer. An informative, well illustrated booklet on choosing and using the fresh foods around us to give variety and extra food value to any type of diet. Written and illustrated by the well-known demonstrator. A most suitable gift for all those wishing to economise whilst maintaining health and pleasure in eating - and that must be nearly everyone!

55p. plus stamp for 3ozs or preferably stamped addressed economy label. ^— SAVE your time and ours by using coupon opposite. Don't forget postage.

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FATS by T. A. B. Sanders, B. Sc. (Nutrition) Fats are an important source of energy in the diet. They provide about 9 calories

per gram compared with 4 calories per gram for carbohydrates. Besides this function, they are needed as structural components of the cell walls which are found in all tissue and to facilitate the digestion of the fat soluble vitamins.

Fat in the diet is provided by fatty foods such as oil and margarine or from wholefoods where the fat is accompanied by other nutrients such as protein, for example: nuts, beans and seeds. See Table 1 for the fat composition of some foods. Fats consist in the main of fatty acids in different forms. These fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated. As a rule, saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature whereas unsaturated fatty acids are liquid. Fats containing a high proportion of saturated fatty acids are called saturated fats and fats containing a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids are called unsaturated fats. Examples of saturated fats are butter and lard and examples of unsaturated fats are olive oil and corn oil. Saturated fatty acids are chemically stable and store well. On the other hand, unsaturated fatty acids are unstable and on exposure to air can become rancid. Some of the unsaturated fatty acids, called the polyunsaturated fatty acids, are essential in the diet as the body cannot synthesise them.

As fat is not water soluble, it poses some problems for digestion. After eating a meal containing a high proportion of fat, the food remains in the stomach for a longer period than a meal containing a lower proportion of fat. This is because the fat has to be emulsified by bile in the small intestine prior to its absorption. As this is a time consuming process, the stomach only lets small amounts of fat through into the small intestine at a time. The fat emulsion is broken down ultim-ately into fatty acids by enzymes secreted into the small intestine from the pancreas and absorbed. After absorption, much of the fat is carried by the lymphatic system and released into the blood via the thoracic duct as chylomicrons which are globules of fat associated with protein. These are eventually carried to the liver where they are metabolised. If the production of bile is impeded in any way, for example: if the bile duct becomes blocked by gall stones or the secretion of bile by the liver is reduced as in hepatitis, then the absorption of fat is greatly impaired and.the stools become white and chalky. Under these conditions, it is necessary to consume a low fat diet.

How much fat should we eat in a diet ? In Great Britain, fat provides about 40% of the calories, but in a developing country fat only provides 10-20% of the calories. As a rule, the vegan diet may contain between 10% and 30% of the calories from fat. Small amounts of fat in the diet are essential and the fat should contain a sufficient proportion of the essential fatty acids. It is reckoned that at least 1% of the calories should be provided by essential fatty acids. However, larger amounts of fat in the diet are desirable to facilitate the absorption of oil soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin O and vitamin E.

As a rule, fats from land animals tend to be rich in saturated fatty acids and

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fats from the vegetable kingdom tend to be rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Thus about 80% of the fat vegans eat is unsaturated whereas only 20% of the fat eaten by omnivores is unsaturated. There is some evidence to suggest that a diet with a high proportion of unsaturated to saturated fat may help protect an individual from developing coronary heart disease. Formerly, margarines contained very little unsaturated fat and were hard but now soft margarines, such as Flora, Outline, etc. , contain substantial amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids. See Table 2 for the composition of some commonfats and oils. These soft margarines are made by combining vegetable oils. However, many of the margarines available contain animal products in addition. Only Tomor and Outline, are claimed

to contain no animal products. Body fat may be synthesised from both dietary fat and from carbohydrates

such as sugar and starch. If excessive amounts of carbohydrates or fats are eaten, this will result in deposition of body fat. Excessive body fat tends to accumulate around the midriff, the shoulders and the tops of the legs. Ideally, the level of fat in the diet should be between 20% and 30% of the calories which is about 50 to 80 grams of fat a day.

A sufficient fat intake will be achieved if a mixed diet containing cereals, nuts, fruit, vegetables and legumes is eaten. Refined cereals contain less fat than whole grain cereals. Nuts and legumes are particularly useful sources of fats. There'appears to be no need to take fat in a pure form such as oil or a fat spread to supplement the fat in a diet if the above rules are adhered to. However, should a diet need its energy value increased this is most easily done by increasing the amount of fat. This can be done by using more oil and fats for cooking or, alternatively, by eating more fat rich foods such as nuts and avocado pears.

TABLE 1. THE FAT COMPOSITION OF SOME FOODS

Food Total Fat g/lOOg Polyunsaturated Fat% Calories/lOOg Pearl Barley 1.4 57 346 Peanuts 48.7 29 582 Soybeans 17.7 60 403 Hazelnuts 60.9 38 627 Wholemeal Bread 2.6 60 241 Eggs 11.5 20 162 Salmon 1.3.6 42 208 Lamb Cutlet 32.0 2 352 Pork Chop 30.6 9 341 Beef Round 12.5 2 196 Butter; 81.0 5 716 Cow's Milk 3.7 3 64 Human Milk 4.4 7 70

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TABLE 2. POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID CONTENT OF SOME FATS AND OILS.

V a W W g F a t . Food Additional Remarks Echo Margarine 14 Stork 15 Stork Soft Blend 12 Summer County SB 15 Blue Band 19 Flora 55 Outline 25 Tomor 13 Butter . 5 Peanut Butter 25 Peanut Oil 29 Olive Oil .8 Maize Oil 56 Palm Oil 9 Safflower Seed Oil 72 Soybean Oil 60

Animal and vegetable oi l^endj^ontains

All vegetable oil blend, contains milk solids, II I!

All vegetable oil blend, contains NO^IvyjK

SHOPPING"* GOOD NEWS - ouTtwe i/epm STILL Many of u s were under the impression that lactic acid was a product of milk sugar only, and because of this we removed Outline Low Fat Spread from our lists when it appeared among the ingredients for this product. However, we now have an unqualified assurance that the lactic acid used in Outline is derived from vegetable sources such as cane sugar. So, happily, this can now be reinstated. Golden Rose Margarine. With the help of a reader who kindly replied to our request for the address of the manufacturer, we are pleased now to be able to pass on an assurance from the company, Messrs. S. Schwartz Ltd. of 60 Brick Lane, London E. l .that "Golden Rose Margarine . . . . does not contain any milk, nmmni fat or other animal sub-stance whatsoever and is strictly vegetarian." From W. &G. Brown: Broad flake washed bran and from Marigold: Carob syrap for sweetening and flavouring ~ new foods that are both vegan. We have been asked about Crosse & Blackwell's Mince Savour. Although this contains no animal matter, it is not suitable for use alone as the added flavouring allows for an equal quantity of meat to be mixed with it. (Meat requires flavouring now?)

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Edifas "A" We have received a report of this product of plant origin which has been developed from readily available wood cellulose and which can be used as a substitute for egg albumen for mnldng meringues, macaroons, icing and filling for cakes, etc. It was primarily developed for bulk use and the smallest quantity at present available is lib. costing £1.46, including postage and package. This quantity is the equivalent of 200 egg whites at a cost of less than a penny each. If there is sufficient demand, arrangements for supplying small quantities (for 22p.) can be made. Inquiries to Miss G. Grace, 104 Mayford Rd. Branksome, Poole, Dorset. Recipes are available. Edifas "A" has no food value. We have not tried it. Fox's Biscuits are now appearing in a number of shops. There are a few vegan kinds Original Thick Tea (an aberhethy type), Finger Ginger and Ginger Snaps. These are delicious. Curl Brandy Snaps are also vegan but, being made almost entirely from sugar, will not be acceptable to many members. We regret to say that all L.yons Maid Ice Creams still contain milk solids but their water ice products are free of any dairy product or eggs. These are the ice on a stick kinds: Smash, Orange Maid, Golden Orange, and Lemon & Lime Squeeze. Puritabs. These water purifying tablets are vegan and harmless. Water so treated can be drunk by persons who may be taking vitamin tablets, we are assured by the manufacturer H. &T. Kirby & Co. Ltd. For Home decorators

Quality Acorn Brand paint brushes "Orel" No. 2831 with tapered polyester bristles from 68p Also, No. 9056 with "Tyler" nylon bristles from 99p. for 2".

TOILETRIES Bergasol sun tan products and Sylvasun, a vitaminised tablet for the prevention of sunburn, are both vegan and made by Chefaro Proprietories Ltd. Barilla Soap. We are pleased to report that McClinton's Barilla Soap is available again. It can be bought from Holland Barret, 78 Baker St., London N. W. 1. from Health Fare Nutrition Centre, 17 Temple Fortune Parade, London N. W. 11, and from Real Foods, 139 Kensington Church St. London W. 8. or, of course, from Eva at the newly opened Enfield Boutique, 123 Baker St. Enfield. FOOTWEAR. There is no special news this month.

******************** H<4I4<4<******* X EVA ON TELEVISION AGAIN * * * 4 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4 *

Monday, September 22nd - 2 p. m. 'Women Only"programme of Harlech T.V. Bristol.

Late September or October - B. B. C. 'Pebble Mill"Lunch hour programme ' from Birmingham.

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RECIPES FROM AUTUMN'S BOUNTY ELDERBERRY MUESLI

Mash elderberries in water and stir in rolled oats. A little soya flour can be added to balance protein. Economical, healthful and refreshing. Blackberries can be used instead of elderberries.

BLACKBERRY MOULD Make a thick porridge with 2 ozs of barley flakes (Brown's Barley Kernels)

and -J- pint of water, simmering it, stirring constantly, until it is smooth and nearly clear. Let cool, but not to setting point, and whip in 8 ozs of well-mashed blackberries, (or mix in the liquidiser) Put in a mould to set. Turn out and serve with nut cream.

HAZEL AND MUSHROOM SAVOURY Fry 8 ozs of mushrooms in 4 tbs of oil (or oil to taste). Stir in i pt of

stock or water, 4 ozs ground hazel nuts, 3 ozs of rolled oats and 1 oz. of soya flour. Flavour to taste with Barmene. Bake 15 mins . in moderately hot oven Serve with hot vegetables or cold with salad.

STUFFED MARROW Cut marrow (or half a large one) in half lengthwise. Scoop out seeds'

but leave skin. Place halves side by side in dish and pile with a mixture of grated hazel nuts, fried tomato or onion and Barmene. Top with slices of home-made soya cheese. (See last 'Vegan" or Handbook 15p). Cook in moder-ately hot oven until marrow soft and cheese crisp and browned. (About 30 mins.)

AND FROM THE GARDEN PAHTY - KENTON CAKE by Peter Brown's mother. A cake made to this recipe was won by a Norwegian member and taken

back to Norway. Please send your favourite cake recipe or festive dish for the next "Vegan". 4 ozs. Tomor margarine. 2 ozs. ground almonds 2 ozs dark brown sugar 1 tbs molasses 8 ozs wholemeal flour \ tap. mixed spice 6 ozs mixed cake fruit soya milk to blend-|- pt

Blend margarine and sugar. Mix all dry ingredients together then grad-ually add to margarine and sugar. Stir in molasses and then soya milk. Put in lined tin and cook 1-g- ours at Regulo 4. - i. e. moderate - 375 o.

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ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING The 1975 A. G. M. will take place during the first weekend conference of the

Vegan Society to be held from Friday, November 21st to Sunday, November 23rd. at Bournemouth, Hants.

The 31st Annual General Meeting of the Vegan Society will be held at 2.30 p. m. on Saturday, November 22nd at the Hall of the Boscombe United Reform Church, Christchurch Road, Boscombe, Bournemouth, (half a mile from Bournemouth Central Station).

The business of the meeting will be: -To elect officers and Committee and to appoint an Auditor. Written nominations, signed by two members and accompanied by a signed note from the nominee stating his or her willingness to serve if elected, must be received by the Secretary by November 1st. To consider any resolutions that have been received by the Secretary by October 11th.

As we have the use of the hall earlier than usual, members will be welcome from lpm onwards. Bournemouth members have very kindly offered to provide tea. AUTUMN MEETINGS

Accommodation for up to 50 people was booked at the Carlton Court Holiday Flatlets (self-catering). At the time of going to press, there are no vacant flatlets. However, inquiries have been made at "Tall Pine", Private Hotel, 3 Walpole Road, Boscombe, Bournemouth, and the proprietors, Mr. and Mrs. Liley, have expressed their willingness to provide vegan food. Their terms are £3 per day for bed and breakfast, £4 for bed, breakfast and evening meal. Members who have not booked a bed in Carlton Court must make their own arrangements either at "Tall Pine" or somewhere else. The Council can take no further responsibility in the matter.

The main purposes of the weekend will be to increase fellowship among members, to exchange ideas and make plans to forward veganism, and to hold the A. G. M. in a different part of the country from London so that West Country members can attend more easily. In addition, a public relations exercise is planned for the Saturday morning.

The suggested outline programme is as follows: -Friday evening 7.30 - 8.45. Welcome - followed by social time. Members are asked to bring contributions of their favourite party fare (complete with recipes?) to share with each other. Saturday morning - Poster parade and interviews of passers-by. Members not wanting to take part in this can make arrangements to enjoy the various attractions that Bournemouth, well known as a winter resort, has to offer. It is hoped that information about these will be available but members must make all arrangements themselves. Saturday afternoon - 2.30 A. G. M. 4.30 Tea break followed by opportunity

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for people to talk with each other and to examine the Vegan Society Literature Stall and the various special interest stands - Beauty Without Cruelty, Research Section, Vegfam, Vegan Activities, Vegan Children (please send photos to the Secretary), and talk with the people who have arranged them. There will be reports from our representative at the I. V. U. Congress, a vegan food preparation demonstration by Mabel Cluer, and perhaps other items not yet arranged. ' The Council decided that formal talks should be kept to the minimum so as to give maximum time and opportunity for member participation in the exchange of ideas. However, \ve hope to have talks by Eva Batt and Jack Sanderson sometime during the weekend. Sunday morning will be free for members to make their own plans. We have the use of the hall from 12 a. m. - 10 p. m. but it is expected that most members will wish to leave by early tea-time. We plan to have a picnic lunch together, (members must bring their own food but we can make drinks), to assess the public relations exercise, to make plans for the year ahead and to have a lecture or lectures. If you have any ideas, there is still time for them to be considered.

Regretfully, we must ask members not to bring pets.

OTHER MEETINGS ANIMAL'S FAIR Friday, October 31st and Saturday, November 1st. -at Old Horticultural Hall, St. Vincent's Square, Nr. Victoria Station. Volunteers to help at the Vegan stall are desperately needed - especially for Friday; also, saleable goods, no old clothes, please. Please try to come and bring something to sell. Articles can also be sent to the Secretary, beforehand. COOKERY COURSE by Mabel Cluer.

Balanced Meals without Meat or Dairy Products. Talks and demonstrations will include the following subjects: Basic facts of Nutrition; Balanced Menus; Comparative Values of Foods and how to make the most of available materials; Soups and Salads; Savouries; Creams, Spreads, etc; Bread, Cakes, Biscuits.

This is a basic course to meet the needs of ordinary people. It does not follow any system of diet but the necessity of fresh, whole foods will be stressed. Time 6 Friday evenings: October 31st. - December 12th. excluding November 21st.

- beginning at 7. 30 p. m. Place Friends Meeting House, 34 Sunderland Rd. (South Circular end), Forest Hill,

London S. E. 23. 10 mins. walk from Forest Hill station. Buses: 122,171, 176,185 to Sunderland Rd., 124,194 to Westbourne Drive.

Fee E5 inclusive, payable in advance. (Bursary help considered). Cheques should be made payable to the Vegan Society and sent with the form below to the Secretary, 47 Highlands Rd., Leatherhead, Surrey.

I would like to enrol for the VEGAN COOKERY COURSE and enclose a cheque for £ Name Address

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VEGAN ACTrvrriES GROUP. Arising from a suggestion first made at a North London gathering that a

Newsletter be produced to keep members more in touch and enable a closer relationship through the work of its production, a regular group of people has emerged and the "idea" has now gone into print three times. The scope of the Newsletter has been very much enlarged since its conception and is, in fact, sent to people in many parts of the country. Contributions have covered such subjects as Fasting, Morality, Vegetables and Fruits in season, Energy Foods, Communes, Pacifism and Low Impact Living.

If you would like a copy of the latest Newsletter, please send a S. A. E. to Kevin and Marijke McCartney, c/o The Vegan Society at 47 Highlands Rd., Leatherhead, Surrey. The fourth issue will be produced in London over the weekend of October 18th and 19th.

As a progression from the activities with the letter, we have now on two occasions been active at community festivals. The first was at Brighton University where the Sussex Whole Earth Group staged a weekend of alternative technology exhibits. Our contribution was a stall laden with pre-prcpared food and literature and also we made chapatis to further feed the many hungry people.

The second was at the Bath Community Technology Festival where lots of people wpre workiig together towards a more simple, joyous and less harmful way of life. There were many things to see, do and learn about. For us, veganism represents one aspect of this alternative way of living. We were selling fresh, wholesome foods, made on site, very cheaply - and we talked with many people about the various reasons such as reducing exploitation, cruelty and land require-ments and the resulting benefits of spiritual development.

Keith Bryan. BATH FESTIVAL - a further report.

We've just spent eight hard-working, but enjoyable, days helping to run a Vegan Food and Literature stall at the Bath Arts and Alternative Technology Festival. We turned 130 lbs. of wholemeal flour into chapatis, which we sold with peanut butter, banana or salad; cooked 40 lbs. aduki beans with onions, spices and herbs; sold gallons of diluted concentrated apple juice and made many potscf peppermint and elderflower tea. As soon as we appeared at the stall from our nearby tent in the mornings, people from other stands were wanting drinks, and some days we continued working well into the evening by candlelight.

The food was very cheap but that was not the only reason for its popularity -it was obviously enjoyed as well.

We sold over £20 of Vegan books and literature and, with more time to talk to interested people, this would have increased. Many people helped us - some who were Vegan friends and some who came up and offered. We had very worthwhile conversations on all levels and some searching questions. We found it was important to know about B and to have heard of amino acids. People wanted to know tasty

23.

alternatives to such staples as milk and cream. One enquirer asked what he could spread on bread in his self-sufficient community, which didn't want to purchase Barmene, margarine etc., or use electrical machinery such as liquidisers. We could only suggest bean and herb spreads, either cooking or sprouting the beans. (Does anyone have other suggestions ) Also, we were asked for a strong Vegan alternative to a heavy leather working boot. (Is there one?)

Many people were interested but we felt the need for better, large advertise-ing material. Colourful, eye-catching posters stating facts about the amount of land needed by a meat-eater etc. would have been helpful and, even more so, a large waterproof banner, which would have survived wind and rain.

We enjoyed this experience so much and would encourage others to try a similar idea at any local fetes and fairs. Any ld gladly answer if you write to us. Audrey and Mark Thompson, . Gt. Bromley, Colchester,

Essex. NORTH DEVON. GROUP MEETING.

A very successful West Country vegetarian/vegan weekend was held at the Beaford Centre in North Devon in mid-July. Over 20 people came for the weekend and another six or seven just for one day. About half of those present were either vegan or "nearly there". On the catering side, the soya "cheese" (see Summer '75 VEGAN) was very popular and, as the course was self-catering the total cost was kept down to just over £5 per person. At one of the discussions, it was decided to try to organise a week-long "Why Kill for Food?1 campaign in the South West next April.

It is hoped to repeat the weekend next summer. Perhaps other areas/societies might attempt something similar VEGAN SOCIETY GARDEN PARTY.

Well over a hundred people, including about twenty children, came to the Garden Party this year and enjoyed talking and playing together in beautiful sunshine. Stalls included Bring and Buy, Beauty Without Cruelty, Drinks, Literature, Second-hand Books, Plants, Plantmilk Ltd. and one publicising Margaret Lawson's Fellowship of Life. The Wright children organised games as efficiently and pleasurably as usual, and raffles were arranged by Peter Brown. Altogether, including contributions for tea and donations that had been sent before by some thoughtful members unable to be present, nearly £100 was made for the Fund for Elderly Vegans. A very worth while effort; many thanks to all who made it possible. K t> .

A NEW BEAUTY WITHOUT CRUELTY BOUTIQUE. - opened at 123 Baker St., Enfield (5 mins. Enfield Town Station) by Eva Batt - selling a full range of cosmetics and toiletries, also handbags, simulated furs, and household goods and car accessories.

Open Mondays, Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays. NO postal service yet. Those requiring orders by post should write to:

The B. W. C. Boutique, 1st Floor, 40-41 Marylebone High St., London W. 1.

LETTERS ENTERPRISING ENFIELD.

I have always admired people who put their principles into practice, and when I received an invitation from the irrepressible Eva. Batt to be present at the opening of her new boutique, I was very happy to attend.

Notwithstanding a desk with an 18" pile of unfinished work, I made my way to the northernmost outpost of London, that pleasant old world town of Enfield, rich in historical association. The weather was sizzling pleasantly in the 90's and the premises were easily located by the window with its attractive display of Beauty Without Cruelly products.

' The boutique is situated on the first floor, and apart from the complete range of Beauty Without Cruelty toiletries which are now once again available, there is a variety of natural animal free products under trustworthy names such as Vegecos, Jabley, etc. Incidentally, the new Beauty Without Cruelty containers and gift sets, both for men and women, are most pleasing to the eye and graciously convey the love, thought and care that has gone into the making of these delectable products.

Fashionable handbags and other accessories, chic and aesthetically pleasing, are also displayed. A household corner with "Plus Chammy" (simulated chamois leathers so well known to, and appreciated by, vegetarians - no price rise in ten years!), paint brushes, kosher household soap, etc., all free of animal products, making home sweet, home a place in which the cruelty traders have played no part.

A representative gathering met in the adjacent lounge; Lady Dowding (who was besieged by representatives of the local Press), Dr. Monica Latto and Council Members from Beauty Without Cruelty, the Vegan and other Societies. Telegrams and letters from the Vegan Society and kindred organizations were read out and the most ambitious variety of refreshments was evident everywhere; delicious vegan savouries, sweetmeats, fruits and what-have-you, and a capacious bar fully stocked with fruit drinks.

Enfield is within striking distance not only of North London areas, but also of the many towns and villages in Essex and Hertfordshire. In the words of another famous lady "Why not come up and see Eva some time ?" A ^ A*, ^ ^ A PHILIP PICK

BEAUTY WITHOUT CRUELTY FASHION SHOW. - at the Rembrandt Hotel, Thurloe Place, Knightsbridge, London S. W. 7. Wednesday, October 1st. 2.45 for 3 p. m. and 6.45 for 7 p. m. Show of simulated fur coats, jackets, stoles and capes. At 4.30 p. m. - Make-up Demonstration. Tickets, including light refreshments 75p. from:

B. W. C. Headquarters, 1 Calverley Park, Tunbridge Wells, Kent.

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BEAUTY WITHOUT CRUELTY. "Beauty Without Cruelty" - what reactions that name produces! No title

could be more realistic. How wise were those ladies twenty years ago to choose such a title!

Lady Dowding, Kathleen Long and their friends, appalled at the treatment and indignities that were heaped on animals in order to beautify their own fair sex, decided to declare war on the Fur Industry. A joke - many thought it at the time. Now many know that imitation furs, that no animal died to provide, have many advantages over real furs. Not content with this success, the group pioneered substitutes for all leather goods and then for cosmetics.

Today, more and more ladies are turning to the cosmetics produced by B. W. C's own Products Division. The preparations are guaranteed to contain no animal ingredients and they are not tested on animals.

Today, "Beauty Without Cruelty" is an educational charity with branches in many countries and its efforts to investigate treatment, of animals are world wide. Our findings are respected and taken in evidence by International Authorities.

Readers of this magazine will be interested to learn that although "Beauty Without Cruelty" is not a Vegetarian Society, involvement in its activities often promotes a gradual conversion to the vegetarian way of life.

F. C. MOSELEY.

IS VEGETARIANISM ETHICAL? We have often reflected on the ethical shortcomings of vegetarianism although

we have been provided with ample evidence that a general reduction of meat eating in a given population would bring about great benefits in terms of economics and health. It seems a pity, for example, that "The Vegetarian" is full of examples of "holier than them" attitudes but very little on the fate of hens that stop laying, worn out cows and, of course, veal calves. Presumably, non-vegetarians are expected to eat these animals (which seems dishonest) or the farmers are supposed to kill them off and burn or bury the bodies (which seems contrary to Vegetarian ethics) or the farmers should keep all these animals as pets (which seems ridicu-lous). We have not noticed any interviews between Vegetarians and farmers who might be prepared to continue producing dairy products on such a basis.

John M. Johnson. (Japan)

.IMPORTANT. Postage rates are now so high that we cannot promise answers to queries unless a stamp or preferably a stamped addressed economy label is enclosed.

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ANIMAL ACTIVISTS: Animal Activists is a new and active animal welfare society concerned with

countering all abuse of animals. For this reason, the organisers are all vegans and full membership is restricted to vegans and vegetarians; associate membership will be offered to flesh eaters. The organisers are Dave and Sue Hough, Robin Howard, my wife, Jo, and myself.

We formed Animal Activists as we felt that too many other animal welfare societies were spending too much time and money preaching to the converted. We feel it is more important to bring the plight of animals to the attention of the general public.

We are essentially a direct-action group. We do not allow funds to accumulate, but use them immediately to further the animal cause.

Since the group was formed in May of this year, we have organised many successful demonstrations. For example, in May, OLAC Laboratory Animal Breeders were picketed by some of our members. This resulted in an Inspection of the animals by two members and also useful talks with OLAC directors.

In June, Animal Activists arranged a lobby of M. P. s at the House of Commons in support of the Hare Coursing (Abolition) Bill. On many occasions^ visitors to circuses have been handed leaflets and shown posters, explaining the cruelties inherent in the capture, transportation, training and confinement of circus animals. Major sympathic media coverage was given to these demonstrations and circus gates often fell as a result. Action against Chipperflelds circus in Brighton was so strong that the circus was forced to cancel half of its planned shows, leaving after four weeks because of bad publicity and poor attendance.

L C. L has been one of our main targets, particularly regarding the use of animals for smoking tests. Demonstrations and a hunger strike against L C. L have resulted in good media coverage and talks with the company. We are con-vinced that the "smoldne beagle" tests are unjustified and invalid, and urge

people to boycott L C. L products. We will soon have "I don't buy L C. L " car stickers available.

Bloodsports are also a major concern and, on 7th June, we joined the Hunt Saboteurs Association to arrange and execute a protest "run-on" during a foxhound parade at the South of England Show. We feel that the H. S. A. has an effective approach to blood sports and we fully co-operate with them in this field.

Animal Activists are in full support with the aims of militants who have been imprisoned for the destruction of property to save animals from suffering. However, Animal Activists intend to campaign using direct, lawful methods Plans for the future include demonstrations against the use of real fur, battery farming of rabbits, venison production, etc.

Please write to us if you would like to help. John Hicks, Animal Activists! 2 Farriers Rd., Middle Barton, Oxon.

Book Review u-" --U Two Publications by Members. The NO COOKING FRUITARIAN RECIPE BOOK by Sheila Andrews. Thorson's Publishers Ltd., Wellingborough, Northants. Price as advertised.

This is a delightfully presented book, well set out and attractively illustrated by Graham Lester. It contains nearly two hundred ways of dealing with fruits without cooking them: - cocktails and soups, creams and blancmanges, dressings and toppings as well as fruit salads and many kinds of original arrangements and combinations. An enthusiastic Foreword by Greg Cowan, himself a Fruitarian, and an Introduction and Appendices by Sheila Andrews, present Fruitarianism as an attractive and practical way of life. It will make many want to find out more about it but there are objections. We hope to carry articles on the subject in our next issue. Meanwhile, many - ev£t?$egetarians - will want to try out some of Sheila's ideas, especially for party occasions. K. J. PARENTS'. HANDBOOK OF BREAST FEEDING AND PLANT FOODS by Frances Howard, published by and obtainable from the author, 38 Hampden Rd., Hitchen, Herts. Price 18p. plus 5^p. postage for single copy. Reductions offered for quantity or sections only of the booklet - details from author.

This closely packed booklet by the wife of one of our life vegans and mother of three, will be of interest to all vegan:parents and to others as well. The emphasi; on the great importance of breast feeding is very much to be welcomed. Fortunately there is a general swing in this direction and young mothers in many hospitals are now being encouraged to feed their babies.

Neither animal mr plant milks can adequately replace human milk in the early months; wet nursing, carefully supervised, is a preferable alternative. Most people will feel that the author exaggerates the advantages and ignores the dis-advantages of late weaning. Parents contemplating veganism will be encouraged by the information about the experiences of others. The Sample Menu gives a very limited impression of veganism; there are many variations possible. The detail about Vitamin B _ will be questioned by many authorities and instructions about Vitamin D' are not adequate for most people. Expert advice should be sought on this topic and D drops should not be given except under professional supervision.

The advice about home-made plant milk for babies could be very misleading, especially with regard to the seaweed (type? source?) for B ^ . The lists of addresses are most useful. K. J.

FEEDS THE HUNGRY : LAND - ECONOMY - WISE : EARTH - PLANT - MAN Donations gratefully received by - The Hon. Secretary, Vegfam, The Sanctuary, Lydford, Devon. Administrative expenses borne by Trustees. Covenanted sub-scription forms and/or collecting books supplied on request.

VEGFAM

26.

MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. THE VEGANIC ASSOCIATION promotes the growing of vegetables, fruits, cereals and nuts by the purest and easiest method. Bi-monthly newsletter answers members queries, membership £1 p. a. There is a CONCISE GUIDE (25p. : 5^p. postage) containing all you need to know to produce good looking, fine flavoured vegetable, crops. V. A. , Lime Tree Cottage, Beechwood Rd., Bartley, Southampton S04 2LP. BRIGHTON OR SURROUNDING AREAS. Mother and daughter, with two well-behaved cats require accommodation of any type or site for own caravan. Reasonable terms. Mother willing to work part-time. (Daughter has own full-time occupation). Excellent references. Apply: Liz Varney, C/o 405, Mawney Rd., Romford, Essex. FOR SALE - AE G Juice Extractor. Absolutely perfect condition. Less than half price: £8. Will deliver or post.

ESOTERIC ASTROLOGY. For those who wish to know the reason for being and the meaning and purpose of their own life. Write Box no. 84. VEGAN FAMILY seeks country community for harmonious and loving development, balancing organic gardening, herbal medicine, meditation, music. Kate, M M p H H p p B B B M a M M H r t t a * FOR SALE FOR FUND FOR ELDERLY - Complete set of Vegan Journals from Summer 1964 - Winter 1970. Any offers over £1. 78 post free. Christopher Shilling, Camelyon, Lanxon, Blisland, Bodmin, Cornwall. "AKIMSA" (Bimonthly magazine). Veganism, natural living, non-violence -organ nf the American Vegan Society. Annual subscription $3.00 or £1. 25. Write for free sample, booklist, information: The American Vegan Society, P. O. Box H, Malaga, New Jersey 08328, U. S. A. Rate 2p. per word to the Secretary by November 1st, 1975, for next issue.

PLANTMILK IMPACT Plantmilk Ltd. reports having recently seen some visible results from Its

daily efforts in trying to "convert" people to using plantmilk and derivative lines in place of dairy produce.

It was featured on a Granada T. V. programme on "Likely Food Purchases of the Future"; it received good mention on the Radio Medway and in the July edition of "Good Housekeeping", and a song about it was broadcast on Radio Capitol.

For us to drink our daily pint A young calf has to die.

It ends up in your butcher's shop As veal and ham pie. Francis Bridges.

The company would like to express its gratitude to the vegans who have very kindly responded to the request to undertake some work for the advance-ment of the Plantmilk project in keeping with their professional qualifications and trade skills. The response has been most encouraging but there is still great need for all help possible.

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A C C O M M O D A T I O N

BOURNEMOUTH. "Reveille", Southbourne-on-Sea, BH6 3PW. Run by a dedicated Vegan for Vegans but Vegetarian would-be-Vegans welcomed and catered for. S. A. E. for terms and details. DEVON. Ilfracombe -"Fairwynds" Vegetarian Guest House offers healthful holidays with natural whole foods, compost grown produce and home baking. Vegans welcome. Elizabeth Burton, (V. C. A. member). Tel. 62085. DUBROVNIK. Animal lover offers hospitality in return for help in house and garden. Paying guests also welcome. Lowne, V., Bukovca'l, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia. ISLE OF WIGHT - Marilyn and Terry, "Oatlands", Copse Lane, Freshwater, I. O. ^.Vegetarian cooking. Vegans catered for. Children welcome. LAKE DISTRICT. OrchSM-H6use?^B6rr6wdale-Rd.:, - K e s w i c k ; ^ ^ i — Small Vegetarian Guest House in good centre for walking, etc. - lovely views from the back. Home baking and some home-grown produce. Miss D. Ryall. Tel. Keswick 72830. LOOE. Vegans and Vegetarians catered for. Children and pets welcome. Overlooking beach and town.^.Mrs._£itt, ,T,re^irl%nd^.G\i.est_JfIoi^e]jr.E|^st Cliff, East Looe, Cornwall PLf3" ~ NEWQUAY. Cottage accommodation overlooking Newquay harbour and Vegetarians. Bed, breakfast and evening meal. Miss Doney, ., Newquay, Cornwall TR7 1EZ. PERTHSHIRE. Brook Linn, Callander. Vegetarian and Vegan meals carefully prepared and attractively served. Comfortable Guest House - near Trossachs and Western Highlands; Mrs. M. Choffin. Tel. Callander 30103 (STD 0877).

C O R N W A L L "WOODCOTE", THE SALTINGS,

LELANT, ST. IVES. Tel: Hayle 3147.

Vegetarian/Vegan Holiday Centre overlooking Hayle Estuary. (C. H. and H&C in all rooms)

SPIRITUAL HEALING by arrangement

(John Blackaller N. F. S. H.) Brochure, etc., from

Vegan Proprietors John & Miss Hazel Blackaller.

rCWIHUK A m e

To the best of our knowledge we are the only producers of pure apple juice made from organically grown apples without toxic or chemical sprays. No added chemicals or preservatives. We crush as we pick - no cold storage -no loss of flavour. And we supply nearly 1,000 shops all over the U.K. (over 100 in London alone). "CRANKS IN HEALS" serve only A SPALL'S Apple Juice and Cyder -We can supply your health shop - ask them. Or you direct by B. R. S. Enquiries to - The Cyder House,

A spall Hall, Stowmarket, Suffolk.

BEAUTY WITHOUT CRUELTY

Fragrant Flower Creations FOR VEGANS . . . PERFUME : ROSE PETAL SKIN FRESHENER AVOCADO SATIN LOTION : PINE FOAM BATH

LOTUS FtLOWER SHAMPOO : NAIL LAQUER TOILET SOAPS : DEODORANT : HAND LOTION

FACE POWDER & TALCUM CUCUMBER CLEANSING MILK

Obtainable from Health Stores or Beauty without Cruelty Boutiques in: LEEDS . LONDON . EDINBURGH . DUNDEE & STANFORD (Lincolnshire)

THE PERFECT VECAN FOOD

IT (ONA TVP (TEXTURED VEGETABLE PROTEIN).

Available in i l b packs which, when reconstituted w i th water, make H i b of nutrit ious vegan food. I t has excellent texture and biteabil i ty and comes in three varieties giving taste and particle size variation. I t gives 50 per cent protein at 6 per cent moisture and a fat content of only I per cent.

As well as being a staple for vegan diets, it is also invaluable in ' change over ' diets and in influencing your meat-eating friends. This because Itona TVP is a food of great versati l i ty and can easily, conveniently and inexpensively be used as a substitute for meat in many traditional meat dishes.

ITONA TVP FROM ALL HEALTH FOOD SHOPS

ITONA PRODUCTS LTD., LEYLAND MILL LANE, WIGAN LANCS.

CRANKS HeALTH FOODS Williflirv BlflkfcHffM»'̂ lrtrjhrtIISt»wt' bnulm Wl 3 5 Castlt Strut'^wldjonl'iifmy 13 Rks Street" tVirtnwMtJi>'PfVTm

35 Hi'̂ K itrtet' Totnce "Oevm

CRANKS IN HEALS, 196 T O T T E N H A M COURT ROAD, LONDON, W . 2

PLAMIL Vegan range:

PLANTMILK (dairy milk replacement)

DELICE (cream replacement)

SA-VREE (for savouries, soup base, sandwich spread)

CULINARY HERB PACK and ever

popular CHOCOLATE

PLEASE place a regular order w i t h your HEALTH STORE to ensure these vegan products being in stock.

For l i terature (SAE please) wr i te :

PLANTMILK LTD. Plamil House, Bowles Well Gardens, Folkestone