the universe
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The Universe. 8.8A. The Universe. The universe is all space and everything in it. Components of the Universe. There are lots of parts of the universe: Stars Nebulae Black Holes Galaxies And so much more! . Stars. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Universe
8.8A
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The Universe
The universe is all space and everything in it
![Page 3: The Universe](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062813/56816622550346895dd97960/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Components of the Universe
• There are lots of parts of the universe:– Stars– Nebulae– Black Holes – Galaxies
And so much more!
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Stars• Stars are large balls of
gas that create their own energy by fusing hydrogen atoms to create helium– The energy created by
fusing hydrogen atoms emits light and heat
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Stars• Stars are all different
sizes and are made up of different elements
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Stars• Binary Star: Stars that
revolve around each other, they look like they are blinking
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Classifying Stars
• Stars are classified by three main characteristics: 1. Size2. Brightness (luminosity)3. Temperature
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Classifying Stars
Size• Our sun is a medium size star (letter G below)
• There are stars in the universe large enough to fill our solar system
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Classifying StarsTemperature• Temperature is determined by color– Blue: Hottest (20,000-50,000*C)– White (10,000*C)– Yellow (6,000*C)– Red-Orange (4,000-5,000*C)– Red: Least Hot (3,000*C)
Blue Red
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Classifying StarsBrightness• Brightness depends on the
size and temperature of a star
• Brightness of a star is described in two ways– Apparent Magnitude: Brightness
seen from earth– Absolute magnitude: Real
brightness of a star from a standard distance
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Hertz-Russell Diagram
• Nickname: H-R Diagram
• How does it help classify Stars?– Graphs the two most
important characteristics of stars: Absolute magnitude (brightness) and Temperature
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Hertz-Russell Diagram
• Main Sequence: 90 % of all stars, it is the diagonal band in the diagram
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Galaxy
• Galaxies are made up of millions of stars, gases, and dust
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Galaxy
• Galaxies are held together by gravity
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Galaxy
• There are 4 different types of galaxies that are classified by their shape. – Elliptical – Spiral– Lenticular– Irregular
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Draw these next to the pictures in your box (not in the giant white space that is for notes)
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Elliptical Galaxy
• Looks like a flattened ball
• Characteristics:– Contain billions of stars– Little gas and dust
between the stars – New stars rarely form,
mainly old stars in these galaxies
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Spiral Galaxy• Shaped like they have arms
spiraled outwards (pin wheel)• This is the type of galaxy we
live in
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Lenticular Galaxy
• Galaxy with a central bulge or bar in the middle
• It might also have small arms
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Irregular Galaxy
• No specific shape to the galaxy• Disorganized shape
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Black Holes
• Large objects that form dense gravity wells• Their gravitational pull is so strong, light
cannot escape it (hence why they are dark!)
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Black Holes
• How can we see black holes:– We can’t– We observe them
by looking at the light and energy being sucked in
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Black Holes
• Black holes have no volume, but infinite density!
• Videos: • http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pAnRKD4raY – Pre AP
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfiU4ioZvPI