the u. s. doe sequestration r&d program: developing mvaa ... · mgsc mrcsp . secarb . 1 12. 21...
TRANSCRIPT
John Litynski, PE Carbon Sequestration Technology Manager National Energy Technology Laboratory
The U. S. DOE Sequestration R&D Program: Developing MVAA for Groundwater Protection
2011 Ground Water Protection Council Annual Forum Atlanta, GA September 24-28
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DOE/NETL Sequestration Program Promotes Groundwater Protection
• Overall Program goal: advance safe, cost effective,
permanent geologic storage of CO2
• Drivers: Class VI UIC and CAA MRR regulations
• Groundwater protection addressed in Program supporting
activities
– Core R&D Projects
– Infrastructure Development
– International R&D Collaboration
at Field Projects
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY • OFFICE OF FOSSIL ENERGY NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
CARBON STORAGE PROGRAM with ARRA Projects
2012 Structure
Benefits
Global Collaborations
Benefits
Core R&D
Benefits
Infrastructure
Pre-combustion Capture
Geologic Storage
Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA)
Simulation and Risk Assessment
CO2 Utilization
Technology Solutions
Characterization
Validation
Development
ARRA: Development of Technology Transfer Centers
Lessons Learned
Technology Solutions
Lessons Learned
North America Energy Working Group
Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum
International Demonstration Projects
Canada (Weyburn, Zama, Ft. Nelson) Norway (Sleipner and Snovhit) Germany (CO2Sink), Australia (Otway) Africa (In-Salah) Asia (Ordos Basin)
• Reduced cost of CCS • Tool development for risk
assessment and mitigation • Accuracy/monitoring quantified • CO2 capacity validation • Indirect CO2 storage
• Human capital • Stakeholder networking • Regulatory policy development • Visualization knowledge center • Best practices development • Public outreach and education
• Knowledge building • Project development • Collaborative international
knowledge • Capacity/model validation • CCS commercial deployment
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY • OFFICE OF FOSSIL ENERGY NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
CARBON SEQUESTRATION PROGRAM with ARRA Projects
Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships
Demonstration and Commercialization Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
Other Small and Large-Scale Projects ARRA: University Projects ARRA: Site Characterization
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Groundwater Protection Cross-cuts Core Research Activities
Focus Area
Key:
Improved Fundamental Understanding
Technology Development
Geologic Carbon Storage Wellbore Technology
Mitigation Technology
Geologic Carbon Storage
Risk Assessment
Thermal and Hydrologic
Simulation and Risk Assessment
Conversion of CO 2
Non - Geologic CO 2 Storage
Indirect Storage
Beneficial Use of Produced Water
Breakthrough Concepts
Conversion of CO2 Non-Geologic CO2 Storage Indirect Storage Beneficial Use of Produced Water Breakthrough Concepts
Atmospheric and Remote Sensing
Near-Surface Monitoring Subsurface Monitoring Intelligent systems
MVA
Membrane Processes Solvent - Based Processes Sorbent - Based Processes Improved Water Gas Shift
Reactor
Pre - combustion Capture
Membrane Solvent-Based
Sorbent-Based
Capture (Pre-Combustion)
CO2 Utilization
Fluid flow, pressure, and brine management
Geochemical impacts Geomechanical impacts
Geochemical Geomechanical Biologic Risk assessment and quantification
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Monitoring, Verification, Accounting, and Assessment
Research Pathways • Atmospheric and Remote Sensing Technologies • Near surface monitoring of soils and vadose zone • Subsurface monitoring in and near injection zone • Intelligent monitoring systems for field management
Research Partners – Massachusetts Institute of Technology, PTRC, University of San Diego Scripps, University of Wyoming, Columbia University, West Virginia University, University of Miami, University of Texas at Austin, Fusion Petroleum Technologies, Planetary Emissions Management, Schlumberger Carbon Services, Montana State University, Stanford University, ORNL, LANL, PNNL, LBNL, LLNL, BNL
Summary of Focus Area • 13 cooperative agreements awarded – FY09 • 9 Tasks with 6 National Labs • Targeting 99% permanence and +/-30% capacity
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Groundwater/ CO2 Interactions Need to be Understood
• Research partners: Duke University, LBNL, DOE ORD
• Model rock-water interactions if CO2 added to typical fresh water aquifers
• Identify geochemical signatures in water which can be used as detection criteria – Manganese, iron, and
calcium (along with pH) identified as potential geochemical markers of a CO2 leak
-5 Z
050
100150
200250
300350
400
X
50Y
Y
Z
XTIC0.220.210.190.180.160.150.130.120.100.090.080.060.050.030.02
0 100 200 300 400 500
Distance (m)
0x100
2x10-8
4x10-8
6x10-8
8x10-8
10-7
Tota
l aqu
eous
Pb
conc
entra
tion
(mol
/L)
3D y=0 z=03D y=0 z=-53D y=0 z=-102D y=0
MCL
Profiles of lead concentration at y=0 for different z
Total dissolved C after 100 years, 19t/yr intrusion
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Core R&D Efforts Increase the Portfolio of MVA Techniques for Groundwater Protection
• Wellbore leakage • Seismic technology
– New acquisition technology – New processing and analysis
approaches – Integration of different types
of data • Non-seismic techniques
– Pressure, temperature – Gravity – Fluid sampling, tracers – Satellite-based
measurements • Intelligent monitoring systems
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New Method Will Reduce Risk of Wellbore Leakage
• Schlumberger Carbon Services is developing a new method to relate the risk of leakage of existing wells
• Average flow parameters (porosity and permeability or mobility) will be derived from data collected by non-destructive cement mapping tools
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Multiple Projects Focus on Improving Seismic Methods
• Interpretation, analysis, modeling – University of Wyoming: 3-D
multicomponent waveform inversion
– Univ of Houston: 3-D elastic wavefield simulation
– Fusion Petroleum: Integrated reservoir modeling and seismic analysis
– Virginia Polytechnic: double-difference seismic tomography
– UT Austin: Multicomponent seismic and rock physics modeling
– Los Alamos National Lab: advanced seismic imaging Modeled long-offset converted-wave
reflection amplitudes (Univ. Wyoming)
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Improving Seismic Methods (Cont’d)
• Hardware – Paulsson Geophysical: design
of 1000 level 3 component fiber optic seismic receiver string
– UT Austin: Use of cable-less seismic acquisition systems; shear wave focus
• Rock Physics – Stanford: CO2 optimized rock-
fluid models – Lawrence Berkeley Lab and
NETL: effects of CO2 saturation • Integration of seismic with
other geophysical data – Ohio State: graphical user
interface for 3-D models of electromagnetic and seismic data
Laboratory seismic velocities and X-ray CT images (Stanford)
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Other Measurements Complement Seismic Data
• Gravity – UC San Diego: High precision
subsea gravity surveys • Ground surface displacement
– Lawrence Livermore and Lawrence Berkeley Labs: Modeling and analysis of InSAR measurements
• Temperature, pressure – Lawrence Berkeley Labs:
Distributed Thermal Perturbation Sensor (DTPS) measurements for tracking CO2
– UT Austin: Above zone pressure monitoring for leak detection
Thermal history of a monitorinig well at SECARB Cranfield site
Remotely operated vehicle with deep water gravimeter (UC San Diego)
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Non-seismic Monitoring (cont’d)
• Fluid sampling; tracers – Lawrence Berkeley Labs:
Tracking the CO2 plume using fluid sampling
– Oak Ridge National Lab: isotopic and perfluorocarbon tracers
• Electrical
– Lawrence Livermore National Lab: Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT)
Fluid sampling at Otway, Australia field test
Preliminary ERT results from SECARB Cranfield site
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Developing Intelligent Monitoring Systems for CCS MVA
• Intelligent monitoring systems integrate digital information technology with monitoring techniques to provide continuous data and control of reservoir operations and processes.
• West Virginia University Research Corporation is developing a system which incorporates Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining (AI&DM) pattern recognition technology
– System to be applied to detect leaks by recognizing changes in pressure patterns
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International Collaborations Enable MVA Validation
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Small-Scale Geologic Field Tests
BSCSP
WESTCARB SWP
PCOR
MGSC MRCSP
SECARB
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Injection/Test Complete
2011 Injection Project moved to Phase III (Injection Summer 2011)
RCSP Formation Type
Geologic Province
Big Sky Saline Columbia Basin
MGSC Oil-bearing Saline Coal seam
Illinois Basin
MRCSP Saline
Cincinnati Arch, Michigan Basin, Appalachian Basin
PCOR Oil-bearing Coal seam
Keg River, Duperow, Williston Basin
SECARB Oil-bearing Saline Coal seam
Gulf Coast, Mississippi Salt Basin, Central Appalachian, Black Warrior Basin
SWP Oil-bearing Coal seam
Paradox Basin, Aneth Field, Permian Basin, San Juan Basin
WESTCARB Saline
Colorado Plateau
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Saline formations (3,000 to 60,000 tons) Depleted oil fields (50 to 500,000 tons) Coal Seams (200 – 18,000 tons) Basalt formation (1,000 tons)
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Completed 18 Injections
Over 1.35 M Tons injected
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Partnership Geologic Province Storage Type
Big Sky Sweetgrass Arch- Duperow Formation Saline
MGSC Illinois Basin- Mt. Simon Sandstone Saline
MRCSP Michigan Basin- St Peter SS or Niagaran Reef Saline/Oil
PCOR
Powder River Basin- Muddy Formation Oil Bearing
Alberta Basin- Sulphur Point Formation Saline
SECARB
Interior Salt Basin- Tuscaloosa Formation Oil/Saline
Interior Salt Basin- Paluxy Formation Saline
SWP Wasatch Plateau- Navajo Sandstone Saline
WESTCARB Regional Characterization TBD
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Injection Ongoing
2011 Injection Scheduled
Injection Scheduled 2012-2015
Injection Targets -minimum planned volumes One injection commenced April 2009 Remaining injections scheduled 2011-2015
Injection to begin Sept/Oct 2011
Injection Started April 2009
Core Sampling Taken
Note: Some locations presented on map may differ from final injection location
Injection to begin December 2011
RCSP Phase III: Development Phase Large-Scale Geologic Tests
Characterization Well Initiated
Reservoir modeling initiated
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Groundwater Protection is a Focus of Regional Partnership Field Tests
• Permitting
• Risk assessment
• Simulation
• Well construction
• Injection operations
• Monitoring
• Closure
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Multiple MVA Methods Employed at MGSC Decatur Test
Shallow groundwater wells, electrical resistivity, soil flux, and air sampling at surface
Pressure, temperature measurements; geophones; fluid sampling in deep subsurface
4-D seismic, micro seismic, and VSP for plume tracking Data network links subsurface and operational sensors
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Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting of CO2 Stored in Deep Geologic Formations
• Based on DOE Supported and
leveraged monitoring activities – RCSP Program – Core R&D – International Projects – Industrial applications
• Regulatory requirements and associated monitoring needs
• 35 Technologies divided into: – Primary – Secondary – Additional
• To be Updated 2012
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Systems Analysis Approach
• Evaluating all MVAA tools readiness levels • Putting them in boxes according to application and
phase of a storage project • Assessing SOTA costs • Assessing incremental improvements in cost and
performance • Mapping these to program goals
– 99% permanence – +/- 30 % capacity
• Assess benefit of R&D using NEMS
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Summary
• Existing tools can do the job • Advances in MVAA tools
– Reduce uncertainty – Reduce scope of monitoring – Leverage SOTA – Reduce project costs
• Intelligent network can improve performance – Increase efficiency – Reduce environmental footprint
• System analysis approach needed to measure benefits
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Questions ?