The Tudor Dynasty

1485-

1603

War of the Roses English Civil War to determine who would

take the throne

House of York

House of Lancaster

War lasted from 1453 - 1487

Henry of Lancaster led his house to victory

War of the Roses

Henry Tudor became Henry VII of England

He married the daughter of the dead leader of the house of York, uniting the two houses

The TUDOR Dynasty had begun

TUDOR RULERS

• Henry VII

•Henry VIIIHenry VIII

Baby Henry

Young Henry

TUDOR RULERS

• Henry VII

•Henry VIII

The Beginning:

Henry VIII was given permission from the Pope to marry his brother’s widow

WIFE #1 – CATHERINE OF ARAGON

The Problem:

Catherine failed to produce a male heir – she only had one surviving child – Mary

Henry wanted a divorce, but Pope Clement VII wouldn’t invalidate the marriage

Henry tried to get Church to do what he wanted, and appointed Sir Thomas More as English Cardinal

WIFE #1 – CATHERINE OF ARAGON

The Result: DIVORCE

More wouldn’t support the divorce

Henry proceeded to dissolve his ties to the Pope

ENGLISH REFORMATION – Henry VIII took control of the English clergy and had himself appointed the head of the Church of England

He divorced Catherine and married his lover Anne Boleyn

The Act of Annantes

1532Stopped all payment

to the Catholic Church

The Act of Appeals

1533Ended Rome’s

Religious hold on England

The Act of Supremacy

1534Made Henry VIII the head of the Church

of England

ExecutionsAny subject who

wouldn’t denounce the Catholic Church

CHURCH OF ENGLAND – ANGLICAN CHURCH

The Beginning: he began anaffair with Anne Boleyn while still married to his first wife

WIFE #2 – ANNE BOLEYN

The Problem: Only had 1 surviving child – a daughter, Elizabeth

Henry upset at not having a son, accused Anne of incest and adultery

WIFE #2 – ANNE BOLEYN

The Result: BEHEADED

Anne was brought to the Tower of London and EXECUTED

WIFE #2 – ANNE BOLEYN

Legend had it she had a sixth finger and a large mole or goiter on her neck

Anne’s sister Mary had been one of Henry’s earlier mistresses (the movie The Other Boleyn Girl)

Just prior to her execution, Anne’s marriage to Henry was dissolved and considered invalid

WIFE #2 – ANNE BOLEYN

The Beginning:

First came to the court in the service of Queen Catherine; later she waited on Queen Anne Boleyn

Henry felt she was his first“true wife”

WIFE #3 – Jane Seymour

The Problem:

Complications in childbirth

WIFE #3 – Jane Seymour

The Result: DIED

She died 2 weeks after giving birth to Henry’s only legitimate son – Edward

She is the only one of the 6 wives buried with him.

WIFE #3 – Jane Seymour

BRIEF RECAP:WHO ARE THE 3 LEGITIMATE CHILDREN OF

HENRY VIII?

MARY (mom divorced)

ELIZABETH (mom beheaded)

EDWARD (mom died)

The Beginning:

Henry was single for 2 years after Jane died

Henry wanted a marriage for political reasons, to form an Alliance between the new English Protestants and German Protestants

He hired a painter to find him a potential ally and paint the women who could make it possible – the painter chose Anne of Cleves, from Germany

WIFE #4 – ANNE OF CLEVES

The Problem:

Once Henry VIII saw her in person, he found her extremely unattractive

He went through with the marriage because of political reasons, but he never was attracted to her or loved her

WIFE #4 – ANNE OF CLEVES

The painting by Hans Holbein the Younger. It was on the basis of this portrait that Henry VIII chose her to be his fourth queen.

Recent x-rays of this painting of Anne of Cleves have revealed a longer nose under the top layer of paint. It was painted by Barthel Bruyn the Elder of Germany.

The Result: DIVORCED

He could not stand being married to her, and though it cost him politically, he soon divorced her

WIFE #4 – ANNE OF CLEVES

The Beginning:

She was a cousin of Anne Boleyn (wife #2)

Married her only 16 days after his divorce to Anne – he was 49, she was 19

WIFE #5 – CATHRYN HOWARD

The Problem:

He was gaining a lot of weight and had an ulcerated leg – it was hard for him to walk and he was becoming morbidly obese

He called her his “rose without a thorn”

She began having multiple affairs within the castle

He accused her of lying about being a virgin when they got married

WIFE #5 – CATHRYN HOWARDWIFE #5 – CATHRYN HOWARD

The Result: BEHEADED

She was executed on charges of adultery

There has never been a confirmed portrait of Cathryn Howard. However, experts believe this may be her due to the necklace she is wearing. The necklace is positively identified as a Crown Jewel of the Queen, and the portrait was done after Anne of Cleves but before Kathryn Parr.

WIFE #5 – CATHRYN HOWARD

Widowed twice before marrying Henry

Became a stabilizing mother figure in home – to Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward

Persuaded Henry to bring the daughters back to the castle and reinstate them as his legitimate children

She outlived Henry, who diedJanuary 28, 1547

It is said by many that this wasthe only wife he truly loved

WIFE #6 – Katherine Parr

1. CATHERINE OF ARAGON

2. ANNE BOLEYN

3. JANE SEYMOUR

4. ANNE OF CLEVES

5. CATHRYN HOWARD

6. KATHERINE PARR

To recap…the wives of Henry VIII

TUDOR RULERS

• Henry VII

• Henry VIII

•Edward VI

King Edward VI

Crowned at the age of nine

Regents ruled during his reign

Had a good relationship with his sisters

He died at the age of 15 from fever & cough

TUDOR RULERS

• Henry VII

• Henry VIII

• Edward VI

•Mary IQueen Mary I

“Bloody Mary” – when she took the throne, she returned Catholicism to England, executing anyone involved in the Protestant Reformation

She imprisoned Elizabeth, her sister, in the Tower of London when Elizabeth was 21

However, Mary wed Phillip of Spain, and shortly afterwards became pregnant

TUDOR RULERS

• Henry VII

• Henry VIII

• Edward VI

•Mary I

Queen Mary I

Since she was pregnant with an heir to the throne, she no longer saw Elizabeth as a threat, and released her

Her belly continued to swell, but there was no baby

Mary died from what is now believed to be a large tumor in her stomach

TUDOR RULERS

• Henry VII

• Henry VIII

• Edward VI

• Mary I

•Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I

Queen Elizabeth I took the throne

Considered the best ruler in the history of all of England

Nicknamed the “Virgin Queen”

Restored Protestantism, but ruled with tolerance

Defeat of the Spanish Armada

Huge patron of the arts

TUDOR RULERS

• Henry VII

• Henry VIII

• Edward VI

• Mary I

• Elizabeth I~~~~~~~~~~~~~

•James Inot Tudor – King of Scotland

Elizabeth died in 1603 at the age of seventy

She had ruled England for 45 years

She had no heir to the throne, so the crown passed to King James of Scotland

He ruled well, continuing her love and patronage of the arts

He also supported religious freedom for the common man

King James Bible

TUDOR RULERS

• Henry VII

• Henry VIII

• Edward VI

• Mary I

• Elizabeth I~~~~~~~~~~~~~

•James Inot Tudor – King of Scotland

King James