the trees and tall shrubs of the north west slopes of nsw

8/9/2019 The Trees and Tall Shrubs of the North West Slopes of NSW

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The Trees and Shrubs of theNorth West Slopes

I wrote this booklet to help people iden fy the major trees and shrubs ofthis region. There is increasing realisa on of the value of our na ve orafor gardens, wildlife, revegeta on, educa on or simply for its beauty anddiversity. The role that na ve vegeta on plays in maintaining the health ofour agricultural ecosystems is now well recognised.

On the North West Slopes we are fortunate to have a range of plants frommany plant families, from conifers to eucalypts and even numerous plantswith rainforest affinities. All of these plants are integral to the ecologyof both agricultural and natural ecosystems. Na ve plants provide homesand food for birds, animals and insects, enrich the soil and air, cycle waterthrough the atmosphere and modify the local climate. This inter-rela onshipbetween plants, the soil, water, animals and the atmosphere is vital to thehealth of the environment.

Many trees on the Slopes provide services or products useful to humans.The cypresses give us a rac ve, white-ant resistant mber; some of theAcacias provide high quality woodworking mber and fodder while someof the eucalypts give us superior building mber. From the yellow box, weget some of the best honey in the world as well as durable mber for fencesand posts. Plants such as wilga, kurrajong and na ve olive are relied on asfodder for stock. As part of na ve vegeta on communi es, these treeshelp to provide many goods and services that enable agricultural and otherhuman systems to survive. These services include soil forma on, oxygen

produc on, pollina on, pest control, climate modi ca on and carbonsequestra on to name just a few.

On the farm our na ve trees provide shade for stock; shelter from windfor crops, pastures and stock; protect the soil from erosion; bring nutrientsup from lower soil horizons to where they can be u lised by pastures, helpprevent salinity and form an important part of the rural landscape.

Exo c trees also perform many of these func ons. However, they donot provide habitat of the same quality as na ves. Nor do they blend


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harmoniously into the rural landscape as do locally indigenous trees andshrubs.

The names used in this book are consistent with the Australian PlantName Index , with the excep on of Callitris glaucophylla. Descrip ons ofthe plants are given in as simple a language as is possible, without losingmeaning. There is a glossary in the back to help you with unfamiliar terms.Features that are most useful in dis nguishing plants from similar speciesare underlined.

Descrip ons are derived from eld observa on, herbarium specimens(NSW, UNE and my own collec ons) and from descrip ons in a range oftexts including the Flora of NSW (Ed. Gwen Harden, NSW University Press),PlantNet (Na onal Herbarium of NSW), “ Na ve Trees and Shrubs of South-Eastern Australia ” (Leon Costermans, Landsdowne Press), “ Acacias ofSouth-East Australia ” (Terry Tame, Kangaroo Press) , “ New EnglandEucalypts ” (John Williams, Department of Botany, UNE), , “ Trees and Shrubsin Rainforests of New South Wales and Southern Queensland” (JB Williams,G. Harden and WJF McDonald, Department of Botany, UNE).

The area de ned as the North West Slopes is based on the boundary usedby the Royal Botanic Gardens as shown on the map. Distribu on maps nextto each species show sites where these plants have been collected. Theygive an indica on of the area covered by each species, but are by no meanscomprehensive. Distribu on maps have been produced using Australia’sVirtual Herbarium.

The illustra ons in this book will help the user to posi vely iden fy localplants. Gail Cannon provided most of the illustrations, drawn fromliving and herbarium specimens. The National Herbarium of NSW haskindly provided others from the Flora of New South Wales. Photos ofherbarium specimens of Acacia williamsiana , Eucalyptus elliptica andE.quinniorum were provided by Jeremy Bruhl from the N.C.W. BeadleHerbarium, UNE. More illustrations are available from PlantNET, theonline NSW Flora at http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/

Felicity Baker of the Namoi CMA, has coordinated the publicationof the second edition, collated illustrations and maps and checkedbotanical names for currency.


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Addi onal acknowledgements

• Exchange – the na onal vegeta on knowledge service, was supportedby the Australian Government and delivered by Greening Australia.

• Namoi CMA – funding publica on.• NSW Herbarium – thanks to Bre Summerell, Director of Science and

Public Programs.

• Border Rivers-Gwydir CMA – funding the layout.

• Layout and design by UNE Printery.

• Printed by Quirindi Advocate.

The rst edi on of this publica on was assisted by Albert Hempel, KarenClark , Jennifer Watson, David Cur s, Joy Kirby, Gwen Harden, Doug Beckers,Chris Nadolny, John Lemon and Alan Grogan.

To use this booklet, work through the key at the front, choosing op onsun l a nal group is reached. Then compare your plant or specimen with thedescrip ons and illustra ons in that group un l you can correctly iden fyyour plant. The key includes al l trees and large shrubs which reach6 metres or more. Many of the shrubs listed in this key will be seenin the eld as much shorter specimens, so if your plant is shorter than 6 m

tall you may s ll use the key. If you are in any doubt about iden ca on,use one of the reference books or contact one of the advisory groupslisted in the back of this book. Once you think you have iden ed yourplant, it should be checked against the more detailed informa on containedin the PlantNET database ( h p://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/ ).

Underlined sec ons of the descrip ons indicate characteris cs which canbe used to dis nguish that species from similar ones. A plus sign (+) next toa plant name indicates a threatened species. Before removing or damaging

these species (including seed collec on and collec ng herbarium samples)consult the NSW Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water.

Any unfamiliar terms in the descrip ons will be explained with referenceto the glossary on page 36.


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About the author

David Carr has lived and worked in the North West Slopes region of NSWfor most of his life. He is a ‘prac cal environmentalist’ who works with landmanagers to help them understand and manage their na ve vegeta on.He is passionate about nding be er ways to integrate agriculture andbiodiversity through farm design, produc ve na ve species, agroforestry,ecosystem services and riparian management. David has worked withGreening Australia, Landcare and as a consultant in northern NSW and inall Australian States and Territories.

Correc ons or addi ons should be directed to David Carr on 02 6772 4841.

© David Carr and Gail Cannon (selected illustra ons) 2010.

Boundaries of North-West Slopes and other northern NSW areas


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Acacia excelsa (Ironwood)


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A SIMPLE KEY TO THE TREES AND TALL SHRUBSOF THE NORTH WEST SLOPES

Follow the key by answering yes or no un l a plant group is reached, thenturn to that page. Compare your plant to the descrip ons of species in that

group. The glossary on page 76 will explain unfamiliar terms.

Trees look like Eucalypts?

Mature leavesopposite, nuts ribbed,

owers with petals.1. Angophora spp

See Page 8

Bark hard, corrugated,dark – +/- kino.

Not brous.2. IronbarksSee Page 10

Bark aky, scaly orshortly brous. Not

peeling in long strips.4. Boxes, Peppermints

and MahoganiesSee Page 17

Bark strongly brous.Peeling away in long

strips.3. Stringybarks

See Page 14

Mature leaves alternate,nuts smooth, owerswith stamens but no

petals.Eucalyptus spp.

Yes No

Go to Non-Eucalypt KeySee Page 7

Bark mostly smooth,may be rough at base oftrunk to rst branches.6. Gums See Page 29

Bark scaly or aking inroundish plates.7. Bloodwoods

See Page 35

Small, mul -stemmedtrees.

5. MalleesSee Page 26


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1. ANGOPHORAS (All in the family MYRTACEAE)

Angophora oribunda (rough –barked apple)

Medium tree to 30m, rough brous bark, twis nglimbs. Apple green leaves, opposite, up to 12 x 2.5cm. Paler below. Fruits cylindrical to egg shaped to1 x 1 cm, ribbed, 5 small teeth on rim. O en hairy.The mber is of li le value but the leaves are used asemergency fodder during drought. Found on a varietyof soil types – usually on undula ng country. Widelydistributed and common.

Angophora leiocarpa (syn. Angophora costata )

Medium tree to 30m, smooth pink or grey bark,shedding in small patches. Long narrow leaves, darkeron top than below. Regular vena on and yellowishmidrib. Up to 14 x 2.5 cm. Fruit egg-shaped to 13 x 11mm, smooth. Occurs on sandy soil around Narrabri andWarialda. Widespread on sandstone country.


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Angophora subvelu na (broad-leaved apple)

Medium tree to 20m, rough fibrous bark. Leavesbroad, apple green on top, paler underneath, feather-veined. Leaf base is heart-shaped and with bristly

hairs. Flowers white, in prominent clusters. Fruit is aribbed, bristly capsule, ribs protruding above rim offruit. In eastern parts of region, on deep alluvial clayor sandy soil.

Eucalyptusmelanophloia

(silver-leaved ironbark)


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2. IRONBARKS (All in family MYRTACEAE)

Eucalyptus melanophloia (silver-leavedironbark)

Small to medium tree to 20m. Hard, dark, blackironbark. Narrow dome crown, branching low. Adultleaves opposite, bluish-green, to 9cm x 2.5cm. Fruiturn-shaped to rounded to 8mm x 8mm. Buds diamond-shaped. Widespread and abundant on sloping and atcountry in grassy woodland on lighter soils. Timber ofhigh strength and durability, borer-resistant. Indicates iron in soil.

Eucalyptus sideroxylon (mugga)

Medium tree to 25 m. Hard, black, ridged bark withheavy kino deposits. Broad dome crown. Trunk half-height of tree. Leaves narrow, alternate, green greyishgreen, to 14cm x 1.8cm. Flowers pink, red or white.Fruits egg shaped to ball shaped, to 1.2cm x 1cm.Buds and fruit pendant. Excellent durable timber.Widespread and common on lighter, o en poorer soils,on gentle slopes and at country.


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+Eucalyptus caleyi (Caley’s ironbark)

Medium tree to 25m. Bark hard, grey-black. Narrowdome crown. Leaves alternate to 10cm x 4cm.glaucous, densely veined. Buds and fruit on long

slender pedicels. Fruit barrel-shaped to pear-shaped,occasionally 4-angled, to 12mm x 7mm. Widespreadand common in grassy woodland on dry, shallow soils.

E. caleyi subsp. ovendenii occurs west of Tenter eldand has 4-angled fruit and buds. Threatened species.

Eucalyptus crebra (narrow-leaved red ironbark)Medium tree to 35m. Hard ridged bark, grey to black,impregnated with kino. Leaves narrow, alternate to16cm x 1.3cm, dull grey to grey-green. Buds club ordiamond-shaped. Fruit hemispherical, cup or barrel-shaped, to 7mm x 6mm. Timber very dense and strong,durable and borer-resistant. Widespread and commonin woodland on shallow or sandy soils. Usually on lowcountry.


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Eucalyptus brosa (broad leaved ironbark)

Medium tall tree up to 35m. Grey black, deeplyfurrowed, hard. High domed crown. Juvenile leavesrounded. Leaves opposite to alternate, up to 18cm x

5cm, greyish-green. Buds with long, horn shaped cap.Fruit cone or pear shaped up to 1.2cm x 1cm. Timberhard, strong, durable. Locally abundant on shallowinfer le soils. (Also E. nubila Maiden and Blakely (blue-leaved ironbark), related tree more common in SW ofNSW has glaucous leaves and buds.

Eucalyptus beyeriana (Beyer’s ironbark)Medium tree up to 25m. Hard, deeply furrowed greyto black bark. Leaves narrow, green, greyish green,densely veined to 12cm x 2cm. Buds club or diamondshaped. Fruit ball or cone shaped, to 6mm x 6mm.Timber hard, durable. Occurs in woodland on sandy,infer le soil south of Narrabri and Pilliga Scrub.


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Eucalyptus panda

Medium tree up to 20m. Grey black hard bark. Leavesalternate, dull, to 9cm x 2cm. Fruit hemispherical to7mm x 7mm. Rare. On sandstone north of Yetman.


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3. STRINGYBARKS(All in family MYRTACEAE)

Eucalyptus laevopinea (silver top stringybark)

Tall tree up to 40m. Rough, thick, fibrous stringybark. Smaller branches with smooth bark. Straighttrunk to above half height. Leaves curved, green andslightly glossy, to 14cm x 2.5cm. Buds club shaped.

Fruit hemispherical toa ened ball shaped,

t o 1 c m x 1 . 2 c m . Timber ne textured,used for general construc on. Widespread and commonon medium-high fer lity soil, usually on slopes andhills. O en in open forest and tall open forest, in higherrainfall areas.

Eucalyptus macrorhyncha (red stringybark)

Medium tall tree up to 20-35m. Coarsely ssuredbark, coarsely stringy to smallest branches. Dense,compact crown. Leaves green and slightly glossy to15cm x 2.5cm. Buds diamond shaped, with a beak.Fruit ball-shaped. Timber moderately durable, usefulfor general construc on and fencing. Widespread andlocally dominant in open forest, on shallow poor soilson undula ng country.


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Eucalyptus caliginosa(New England stringybark)

Medium tree up to 25m. Bark rough, stringy tosmall branches. High crown. Leaves alternate and

curved to 15cm x 3cm. Juvenile leaves wavy. Fruithemispherical up to 9mm x 7mm. Timber usedfor general construction. Widespread and locallydominant. Common on trap soils as a woodlandcommunity.

+Eucalyptus mckieana (McKie’s stringybark)

Small to medium tree to 25m. Grey to red-brownstringy bark deeply furrowed. Leaves alternate,curved to 13cm x 3cm. Buds sessile, 11 in a group.Fruit hemispherical to ball shaped, to 8mm x 11mm,with thick rim. Locally common on poor sandy acidsoils in open forest or woodland. Eastern part of area.Threatened Species


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Eucalyptus sparsifolia(narrow-leaved stringybark)

Medium tree up to 20m. Grey to red-brown stringybark.Leaves alternate, sickle shaped to 12cm x 2.5cm. Buds

pointed, in 7 owered groups. Fruit ball shaped andslightly flattened to 8mm x 8mm, small opening.Widespread and common on shallow sandy soils oflow fer lity.

+Eucalyptus youmanii (Youman’s stringybark)

Medium tree to 20m with upright habit. Grey to brown‘stringy’ bark on all branches and trunk. Juvenile leavesglossy-green, broad lance-shaped to rounded. Adultleaves lance-shaped, 80-150 mm long. Buds in groupsof 7, sessile, angular, 8 x 5mm. Fruit ball-shaped, +angular with prominent scar, protruding valves, to 12x 15mm. In forest or woodland on shallow or grani csoils in eastern part of region. Threatened Species

(includes E. sub lior L. Johnson & K. Hill and E. stannicola L. Johnson & K. Hill. from

the previous edi on)


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4. BOXES, PEPPERMINTS AND MAHOGANIES(All in family MYRTACEAE)

(a) Boxes

Eucalyptus populnea subsp . bimbil (bimble box, poplar box)

Small to medium tree to 20m. Fibrous aky, tessellatedbox – bark on trunk and lower branches. Leaves ovalshaped to round and glossy green to 11cm x 3cm.Buds club shaped, in groups of 7 – 15, to 5mm x3mm. Fruit stalked, cone shaped to hemispherical,valves enclosed. Widespread on light reddish loamsand black soils.

Eucalyptus largi orens (black box)Small to medium tree to 20m. Bark grey to grey-black,straggly brous and aky all over branches. Juvenileleaves also lance shaped. Leaves alternate, lanceshaped, to 18cm x 2cm. Buds egg shaped in groupsof 7 – 11 to 5cm x 3cm. Fruit cup-shaped, to 6mm x5mm, valves enclosed. Occurs in woodland on heavyblack soils on low oodplains, o en in pure stands.Uncommon in region.


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Eucalyptus microcarpa (western grey box)

Medium tree to 25m. Fibrous aky bark, with whi shpatches on trunk and large limbs, smooth barkshedding in ribbons on upper limbs. Juvenile leaves

ovate, adult leaves lance shaped to 15cm x 2cm. Budsin many groups of 7 – 11 are egg shaped to spindleshaped. Fruit cylindrical to egg shaped, to 7mm x 5mm,valves enclosed. Common in woodlands on gentleslopes on heavier alluvial soils and sandy loams .

Eucalyptus pilligaensis(narrow-leaved grey box)

Medium tree to 25m. Fibrous-flaky bark, whitishpatches on trunk and larger limbs, smooth barkshedding in ribbons upper limbs. Juvenile leaves linear,adult leaves narrow lance shaped to 13cm x 1.3cm(narrower than Eucalyptus microcarpa ). Buds in manygroups of 7, are egg to spindle shaped, to 5mm x 3mm.Fruit conical, cylindrical or egg shaped to 5mm x 5mm,valves enclosed. Locally common in woodland on sandyor light alluvial soils.


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Eucalyptus moluccana (grey box)

Medium tree to 25m. Bark brous- aky over lowerhalf of trunk. Upper bark smooth, light grey, sheddingin ribbons . Juvenile leaves ovate to rounded, adult

leaves broad – lance shaped, glossy to 14cm x 3.3cm.Buds in many groups of 7, are egg to spindle shapedto 9mm x 4mm long. Fruit cylindrical to egg shaped,to 9mm x 6mm, valves enclosed. Occurs commonly inopen forest and woodland in moderately fer le heavysoil on undula ng country.

Eucalyptus albens (white box)

Small to medium tree to 25m. Trunk to half crown

height. Bark brous- aky, rough and persistent overwhole trunk with whi sh patches and smooth andgrey above. Juvenile leaves rounded, grey –blue greento 15cm x 11cm. Adult leaves broad lance shaped, to16cm x 3cm, grey green maturing to blue-grey. Budsin , many groups of 7, with a whi sh bloom, spindleshaped and angular to 18mm x 6mm. Fruit +/- sessile,barrel to urn shaped o en angular to 15mm x 11mm.Common in woodlands on lower slopes on a variety of soil types, usually on sides orridges of hills.


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Eucalyptus melliodora (yellow box)

Small to medium tree to 30m. Rough brous barkon lower trunk, becoming less on upper trunk thensmooth on limbs, shed in scales or stripes. Juvenile

leaves ellip cal, green-grey 11cm, x 5cm, adult leavesnarrow lance shaped to 14cm x 1.8cm, light greenor slate grey. Buds in 7 owered groups, club to eggshaped to 8mm x 4mm. Fruits hemispherical to ballshaped, with staminal ring persistent. Common inwoodland on lower slopes and foothills on sandy oralluvial, and other soils.

Eucalyptus conica (fuzzy box)

Medium tree to 20m. Bark fibrous-flaky on large

branches and trunk, smooth above shed in shortribbons. Juvenile leaves ovate, light green. Adultleaves narrow lance shaped to 12cm x 2.5cm, greento bluish-grey, densely veined. Buds, in many groupsof 7, are club shaped to 6mm x 3mm . Fruit conical,sessile, to 7mm x 5mm. Locally common in lower slopewoodlands on loamy soils.


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Eucalyptus bridgesiana (apple box)

Small to medium tree to 20m. Fibrous aky bark ontrunk and larger branches, grey with whi sh patches.Juvenile leaves sessile, opposite and rounded, with

wavy margins and covered in whi sh bloom. Adultleaves lance shaped, dark green to 20cm x 2.5cm. Budsin 7 owered groups, egg shaped to 15mm x 5mm.Fruit hemispherical to conical, to 7mm x 7mm, valvesexserted. Widespread in woodland on drier, shallowsoils on slopes.

+Eucalyptus malacoxylon (Moonbi apple box)

Small to medium tree to 15m. Coarse brous- akybark, on trunk and larger branches, grey with whi shpatches. Juvenile leaves sessile, opposite and rounded,with whi sh bloom. Adult leaves lance shaped, darkgreen, to 30cm x 2.5cm. Buds spindle shaped to topshaped, with whi sh bloom, to 8mm x 5mm. Top of budwider than base at join. Fruit conical to 7mm x 8mm,valves exserted. Locally common in woodland on sandysoils on slopes. South of Inverell. Threatened Species


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Also Eucalyptus volcanica – Box tree restrictedto higher ridges and slopes of Nandewar andWarrumbungle ranges.

Eucalyptus goniocalyx (long-leaved box)

Small to medium tree to 15m. Coarse brous-shaggybark on trunk and large branches, smooth above.

Juvenile leaves sessile, opposite, rounded with awavy margin, light green. Adult leaves lance shaped,green, to 20cm x 3cm. Buds, in groups of 7, aresessile , egg shaped to cylindrical, to 13mm x 6mm.Fruit sessile, cup shaped to cylindrical to 1cm x 1cm,valves enclosed. Widespread in open woodland on dry,sloping sites on shallow soil.


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Eucalyptus banksii (Tenter eld woolybu )

Medium –tall tree to 25m, grey, aky, box bark ontrunk, smooth on upper branches. Juvenile leavesopposite, rounded with heart-shaped base, with

whi sh bloom. Adult leaves lance-shaped to 200 x 30mm, glossy. Flowers in groups of 7, buds egg-shapedwith no stalk. Fruit round or hemispherical, sessile ,5-8 mm, with protruding valves. Usually on granite orshallow soils in north-east of region.

Eucalyptus nortonii (large owered bundy)

Small to medium tree to 15m. Coarse brous shaggybark on trunk and larger branches, smooth above.

Juvenile leaves dull grey, sessile, opposite, rounded,with whi sh bloom. Adult leaves lance shaped, greento 30cm x 3cm (to 60cm). Buds and fruit similar to E.goniocalyx , but covered in whi sh bloom. Widespreadin open woodland on dry, harsh, stony sites southfrom Manilla.


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Eucalyptus coolabah [syn. E. microtheca ] (coolibah)

Medium tree to 20m. Bark rough, brous, tessellated,grey to black on trunk and largest branches, smooth,

light coloured above. Juvenile leaves lance shaped to15cm x 4cm, bluish or with whi sh bloom. Adult leaveslance shaped, to 17cm x 2.5cm, grey-green. Buds inmany groups of 7-11, egg shaped +/- white bloom,to 4mm x 3mm. Fruit ball-shaped to hemispherical to4mm x 4mm, valves strongly exserted. Common onblack soil oodplains north and west from Narrabri.

(b) PeppermintsEucalyptus exserta (peppermint, messmate)

Mallee to medium tree to 25m, hard shortly brousbark persistent on trunk and large branches, greyto yellow brown. Branches smooth. Juvenile leaveslinear, dull green. Adult leaves lance-shaped to 18cmx 1.5cm, green. Buds in 7 owered groups, egg-shapedto spindle shaped to 13mm x 5mm. Fruit ball shaped tospindle shaped, valves strongly exserted, disk raised .Infrequent north of Inverell.


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Eucalyptus andrewsii (New England blackbu )

Medium tree to 20m. Rough, furrowed- brous barkpersistent on trunk. Smooth and shedding in ribbonson smaller limbs. Juvenile leaves sessile, ellip cal, dull

bluish green, +/- whi sh bloom. Adult leaves lanceshaped and curved, glossy, to 15cm x 3cm. Buds, ingroups of 11+, club to egg shaped, to 5mm x 3mm.Fruit hemispherical, to 5mm x 6mm. In open forest andwoodland, on deep to skeletal soils on rises. Usuallyon granites.

(c) Mahogonies

Eucalyptus apothalassica(inland white mahogany)Medium tree to 20m. Bark stringy- brous, persistentthroughout. Juvenile leaves ovate, glossy green. Adultleaves narrow lance shaped to 12cm x 3cm, green,glossy, paler on undersurface. Buds in 7-11 oweredgroups, egg to spindle shaped, to 6mm x 5mm. Fruitball shaped to hemispherical, to 6mm x 5mm. Rare.On shallow sandy soils near Yetman only.


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5. MALLEES (All in family MYRTACEAE)Eucalyptus dwyeri (Dwyer’s red gum)

Mallee or small tree to 15m. Smooth bark, white to

grey-brown, shed in plates or akes. Juvenile leavesnarrow lance-shaped, to 10cm x 2cm. Adult leavesnarrow lance shaped, green, dull, to 15cm x 2.5cm.Buds in groups of 7, egg-spindle shaped, to 10mm x5mm, cap elongated horn shaped. Fruit hemisphericalto bell shaped, to 7mm x 7mm, valves exserted, disk

at. Sporadically abundant on ridges or stony rises.

Eucalyptus viridis (green mallee)Mallee to 10m. Box-type bark on lower half of trunks,dark grey, then ribbon like, then smooth, grey-brownabove. Juvenile leaves linear sessile. Adult leaveslinear to narrow lance shaped, dark green, prominentoil glands, to 10cm x 0.8cm. Buds, in groups of 7,egg shaped, , to 5mm x 3mm. Fruit cylindrical or eggshaped, to 4mm x 4mm, valves enclosed. Widespreadbut localised, in shrubland on shallow stony soils, onlow rises. Near Warialda.


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Eucalyptus bakeri (Bakers mallee)

Mallee or small tree to 6m. Smooth persistent bark,grey to brown, shedding in ribbons, aky on lowerstems. Juvenile leaves linear, to 10cm x 0.7cm. Adult

leaves narrow lance shaped, green to yellow green, to 9cm x 1cm. Buds in groups of 7-13, cylindrical tospindle-shaped, to 10mm x 3mm, long horn shapedcap. Fruit ball shaped to hemispherical, to 4mm x 5mm,valves strongly exserted. Highly localized on sandyshallow soils, in shrubland. Warialda and Yetman.

+Eucalyptus nandewarica (mallee red gum)

Mallee or small tree to 10m. Smooth bark, whiteto grey brown, shed in plates or flakes. Juvenileleaves narrow lance shaped. Adult leaves narrowlance shaped to 11cm x 2cm. Buds in groups of 3-7,egg shaped to diamond shaped, to 8mm x 4mm.Fruit cup shaped to hemispherical, to 5mm x 6mm.Valves strongly exserted. Sporadic occurrence onshrubland on shallow soils. Con ned to Nandewar andWarrumbungle Ranges. Threatened Species


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+Eucalyptus quinniorum (Monkey Gum)

Mallee with up to 12 trunks to 15m. Bark stringy atvery base, smooth above and shedding in long ribbons.Juvenile leaves opposite, oval-shaped. Adult leaves

green and glossy, linear and sickle-shaped, to 220 x30 mm. Flowers in clusters of 7 on a ened stalk,buds club-shaped, to 12mm long. Fruits rounded tocylindrical with 2 or 3 ribs, to 8 x 8 mm. In rocky, granitesites west of Bendemeer. Threatened Species


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6. GUMS (All in family MYRTACEAE)Eucalyptus camaldulensis (river red gum)

Medium tall tree to 45m. Smooth grey to white bark

+/- red patches, shedding in large ake. Juvenile leavesopposite to alternate, ovate to broad lance shaped, to26cm x 8cm, bluish green. Adult leaves narrow lanceshaped to 15cm x 2.5cm, green. Buds in groups of7, egg shaped to spindle shaped, dis nctly pointedcap, to 11mm x 6mm. Fruit ball shaped with stronglyexserted valves and raised broad disc, to 7mm x 7mm.O en dominant on river ats, dry creek beds on deepalluvial soils. Woodland or forest. In this region most river red gums will be subspeciescamaldulensis , although there are some subspecies acuminata near Narrabri.


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Eucalyptus blakelyi (Blakely’s red gum)

Small-medium, low branching tree to 20m. Barksmooth, grey to orange-red, shed in large flakes.Juvenile leaves ovate to round, to 14cm x 10cm, bluish

green. Adult leaves lance shaped, slightly glossy to16cm x 2cm. Buds in groups of 7-11, spindle shaped,elongated horn-shaped cap to 14mm x 6mm. Fruit ballshaped, broad raised disc, exserted valves, to 7mm x8mm. Common in sandy soils and well drained hill soils.

Eucalyptus dealbata (tumbledown red gum)

Small tree to 15m. Smooth grey to white bark, akingin large patches. Juvenile leaves ovate to round, with awaxy bloom, to 14cm x 8cm. Adult leaves lance shaped,grey-green or with whi sh bloom, to 14cm x 2.5cm.Buds in groups of 7 on angles stalk, with white bloom,egg shaped, to 10mm x 4mm. Fruit hemispherical, to6mm x 7mm, broad disc, exserted valves. Common onrocky hills in poor soils.


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Eucalyptus chloroclada(dirty gum, Baradine gum)

Small tree to 15m, occasionally mul -trunked. Barkmo led, grey to white, shedding in large patches.

Juvenile leaves ovate to rounded, to 14cm 10cm. Adultleaves lance shaped, green, to 15cm x 3cm. Buds ingroups of 7, egg shaped, with horn shaped cap, to10mm x 5mm. Fruit hemispherical to 6mm x 6mm,broad disc, exserted valves. Locally common on deepsands, o en with Callitris spp.

Eucalyptus prava (orange gum)

Small tree to 15m. Smooth grey bark, o en sheddingin large patches to reveal bright orange new bark.Juvenile leaves ovate to round to 12cm x 7cm. Adultleaves lance-shaped to 20cm x 3.5cm, green, thick.Buds in groups of 7, cylindrical with cylindrical horn-shaped cap, covered with whi sh bloom, to 14mm x7mm. Fruit hemispherical to cone-shaped, to 10mm x10mm, raised disc and strongly exserted valves. Locallycommon in grani c sandy soils or sandstone.


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Eucalyptus cypellocarpa (monkey gum)

Tall tree to 65m, though usually much smaller in thisarea. Stocking of rough bark, then smooth, white togrey, shedding in ribbons or plates. Juvenile leaves

opposite and sessile, to 17cm x 7cm, intermediateleaves to 35cm long, adult leaves lance-shaped to 20x 2.5cm, green. Buds in groups of 7, a ened stalks,elongated egg shaped, ribs on side, conical cap, to12mm x 5mm. Fruit sessile, cup or barrel-shaped,valves enclosed, to 10mm x 9mm. Occurs in Nandewarand Warrumbungle Ranges and on deep soils in sheltered gullies south from Tamworth.

Eucalyptus rossii (scribbly gum)Small-medium tree to 20m. Smooth white, yellow orgrey bark, shed in short ribbons from all parts, coveredby ‘scribbles’. Juvenile leaves broad lance shaped, to14cm x 4.5cm. Adult leaves narrow lance-shaped,some mes curved, to 15cm x 1.3cm. Buds in groupsof 11+, club shaped with hemispherical cap, to 5mm x3mm. Fruit ball shaped to hemispherical , broad raiseddisc, to 5mm x 6mm. Widespread on low ridges onpoor rocky soils.


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Eucalyptus viminalis (ribbon gum, manna gum)

Tall tree to 30m. Smooth white bark shed in longribbons , may have rough stocking. Juvenile leavesopposite, sessile, lance-shaped, to 15cm x 3.5cm. Adult

leaves, lance-shaped, 20cm x 2.5cm, glossy. Buds ingroups of 3, egg shaped to 10mm x 5mm. Fruit ball-shaped to egg-shaped, broad disc, exserted valves, to8mm x 9mm. On deep, fer le soils, Inverell district.

+Eucalyptus oresbia[syn. E. goniocalyx var. parvi ora ]

Tall tree to 30m. Smooth bark, white with yellowishpatches, shedding in ribbons. Juvenile leaves, glossygreen, oval to lance-shaped. Adult leaves lance-shapedand sickle shaped, to 180 x 20mm, green. Flowers ingroups of 7, buds club shaped and slightly swollen onoperculum and base. Fruit hemispherical, on shortstalk, with single rib. Grows in wet forest only betweenNundle and Hanging Rock. Threatened Species .


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+Eucalyptus ellip ca(Bendemeer white gum)Medium tree to 20m. White, chalky bark, withcoloured patches at mes and shedding in ribbons orplates. Juvenile leaves opposite and ellipse-shaped .Adult leaves dull green, lance-shaped, to 250 x 30mm. Flowers in clusters of 7, on 4-angled stalk. Budsegg-shaped, waxy, to 7 x 5 mm. Fruit egg-shaped, to8 x 8 mm, with protruding valves. On sandy soils nearNandewar Range. Threatened Species.


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7. BLOODWOODS (All in family MYRTACEAE) – recently placed in the genus Corymbia .)

Corymbia tessellaris

[syn. Eucalyptus tessellaris ] (carbeen)Tall tree up to 30m. Stocking of strongly tessellatedbark, with sudden change to smooth grey to white barkabove, pendulous branchlets. Juvenile leaves alternate,slightly hairy, lance-shaped, to 24cm x 5cm. Adultleaves lance-shaped to linear, grey-green, +/- curved,to 18cm x 1.5cm. Buds in several groups of 3 or 7,pear-shaped, small hemispherical cap, to 6mm x 4mm.Fruit cylindrical to urn-shaped, thin-walled, descendingdisc, to 11mm x 8mm. Occasional in this area, near Narrabri. Common further west onalluvial plains. Usuall on sandy soils.

Corymbia trachyphloia [syn. Eucalyptustrachyphloia ] (white or brown bloodwood)

Medium tree to 25m. Bark tessellated, all over so andaky, brown to yellow-brown. Juvenile leaves ellip c,

opposite, green, to 14cm x 6cm. Adult leaves alternatenarrow lance-shaped, green, feather-veined, to 15cmx 1.5cm. Buds in several groups of 7, club-shaped to

pear-shaped, small cap with slight ‘beak’, to 5mm x3mm. Fruit urn- or barrel-shaped, smooth to 10mmx 8mm. Sca ered but locally common on poor soils,par cularly sandstone or granite sands.


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Corymbia dolichocarpa[syn. Eucalyptus dolichocarpa ](long-fruited bloodwood)

Medium tree to 25m. Rough aky, tessellated bark all

over, brown. Juvenile leaves ellip c to lance-shaped,green, slightly hairy to 18cm x 5cm. Adult leaves lance-shaped, grey-green, lighter on underside, featherveined to 18cm x 2.5cm. Buds in several groups of7, egg- or club-shaped, hemispherical cap, to 14mmx 8mm. Fruit egg to urn-shaped, smooth or scaly,to 25mm x 15mm. Uncommon. Con ned to deep alluvial sands north of Warialda.


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NON-EUCALYPTS >6m

8. BIPINNATE ACACIAS (All in family MIMOSACEAE)

Acacia leucoclada (northern silver wa le)Shrub or tree 5 to 20m, smooth to ssured bark, light-dark brown. Branchlets angled, hairy and +/- whi shbloom. Centre stalk of leaves 2-10cm. 6-18 pairs ofpinnae to 60mm. 15-40 pairs of pinnules, to 6mm x1mm, leaves hairless . Glands all along centre stalk ofleaves. 20-26 owers in rounded golden yellow heads,in groups on axillary slightly hairy stalks. Pods linear,to 12cm x 1cm, slightly hairy. Flowers late winter-spring. Common on a range of soil types throughoutthe region.

Acacia dealbata (silver wa le)

Shrub or tree 6–30m. Smooth dark grey bark.Branchlets angled, ribbed and hairy. Centre stalk ofleaves to 100mm, 10-26 pairs of pinnae, 2.5-4cm, 20-25 pairs of pinnules, to 5mm x 0.7mm, all hairy . Glandsonly between opposite pinnae. 25-35 bright yellow

owers in rounded heads, in groups on slightly hairyaxillary stalks. Pods oblong, to 8cm x 1.2cm, hairless,

with bluish bloom. Flowers late winter-spring.


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Acacia licifolia (fern-leaved wa le)

Small tree to 8 m. Bark dark, rough to deeply ssured.Branchlets hairy. Centre stalk of leaves to 120mm,9-12 pairs of pinnae, glands present between pairs of

opposite pinnae, 30-40 pairs of pinnules per pinna, + hairy. 20-30 bright yellow owers in balls, in groups of15 on extended axillary stalks. Pods at, black, to 90x 10 mm, slightly waxy bloom. Flowers in late winter-spring. As understorey in dry forest.

Acacia deanei subsp. deanei

(green wa le, Deane’s wa le)Shrub or small tree to 8m. Smooth greyish bark.Branchlets angled, green. Centre stalk of leaves to80mm, glands between pinnae pairs and at base ofeach pair, 4-8 pairs pinnae 25-50mm long, 10-30 pairspinnules c.5mm long, green. 20-30 owers in roundedheads, pale to bright yellow, on axillary stalks to100mm. Pod at, straight, slightly constricted betweenseeds, to 130mm, dark brown, + hairy. Flowersirregularly. Also subsp. paucijuga has pinnules to 11mm and prominent margin on pods.


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Acacia rubida (red-stemmed wa le)

Shrub or multi-stemmed tree to 9m. Red-brown,nely ssured bark. Branchlets angular and red to

red-brown . Juvenile leaves bipinnate, o en remaining

on lower stems and new growth. Adult phyllodeslance shaped or sickle-shaped, to 150mm long, dullgreen with reddish nge. Prominent gland on marginbelow centre, mid-vein raised, yellowish. Flowers inball-shaped heads, bright yellow in clusters on centraltalk to 120mm. Pod straight, at, brown,to 120mm x 10mm. In woodland onrocky sites or beside streams.

Acacia debilisShrub to 7m. Smooth grey to pale green bark. Leaveswith central stalk to 100 mm, usually with 3 or 4 pairs ofpinnae 50-70 mm long, with 12 – 15 pairs of pinnules,no glands on leaves, except near base. Flowers brightyellow in ball-shaped heads, approx 20 on axillarystalk. Pods at and curved with prominent margin,brown and slightly glaucous. Usually on sandy alluvialsoils near creeks.


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9. PYLLODE ACACIAS (Wa les) >6m(All in family MIMOSACEAE)

a) Cylindrical Flower Heads

Acacia burrowii (yarran)

Tree 6-13m. Branchlets angled to rounded, Phyllodesnarrow ellipse, curved, to 80mm x 13mm, curved p,mid-vein, with one small gland at base. Cylindrical,golden yellow ower heads, 15-30mm long, 2 headson short shoot. Pod straight, at, to 110mm x 3mm. Inmallee on rocky ridges. West from Gunnedah.

Acacia doratoxylon (currawang, spearwood)

Erect tree or shrub to 8m. Dark ssured bark. Roundedbranchlets. Phyllodes straight or curved, at and thick,to 200mm x 8mm, many feint veins, slightly swollen,

a ened sharp p. Small gland at base . Cylindrical,golden yellow ower heads, 10-30mm x 7mm, 2-5 onaxillary shoots. Pod dull brown, rough, at, to 100mmx 4mm. Flowers spring. In woodland, mallee andshrubland on sandy or rocky soils, in the south-westof the region. Closely related to A. caroleae which has

slightly narrower leaves and angled branchlets.


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Acacia caroleae

Small tree or tall spreading shrub to 6m. Angledbranchlets, green to brown. Phyllodes narrow, curvedand at, to 200 x 5mm, grey-green. Small gland at base.

Cylindrical, golden-yellow owers on 15mm axillaryshoot, in groups of 2-4, to 30mm. Pod straight, slightlya ened, brown, to 120 x 3 mm. Flowers late spring.

On sandy or rocky soils near creeks, especially in PilligaScrub area. Closely related to A. doratoxylon.

Acacia crassa (curracabah)

Erect tree or shrub to 10m. Dark grey ridged bark.Branchlets angled. Phyllodes thick, ellip c, at +/-curved. 3 longitudinal veins join margin at base. Smallgland at base. May have hard hooked end. Cylindrical,bright yellow ower heads, 40-90mm long. 2 on axillaryshoots. Pod linear to 80mm x 4mm, at, constrictedbetween seeds . In woodland or heath throughout area.


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Acacia leiocalyx

Spreading shrub or small tree to 8m. Grey bark withdeep grooves. Branchlets are angled. Phyllodes sickle-shaped, at to 190 x 35mm, green to grey-green, 3

prominent yellowish veins, small gland at base. Flowersyellow in cylindrical clusters to 60mm long, in pairs inleaf axil. Pods brown, twisted , to 150 x 5mm. As anunderstorey in forest on non-alluvial soils. Flowerswinter to Spring.

Acacia cheelii (motherumbah)

Tall shrub or small tree to 8m, usually smaller. Basalbark rough and nely grooved, branchlets angled, +

nely hairy. Phyllodes sickle-shaped, at, green, to 180x 18mm, with three prominent pale veins, + glaucous.Flowers yellow in cylindrical clusters to 60mm, in pairs(3) in axils, owering in spring. Pods brown, straight,slightly constricted between seeds, to 150 x 4mm,with prominent margins. On sandstone or rocky soilsthroughout region as forest understorey.


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+ Acacia williamsiana

Spreading shrub to 8m, usually smaller. Grooved akybark with + angled branchlets. Phyllodes lance-shapedbut wider near p, grey-green, to 120 x 10mm, apex

with a sharp p, prominent veins with 3 to 5 veryprominent. Flowers in axillary pairs of cylindricalclusters, 20-40mm, pale yellow, owers late spring .Pods papery, straight to slightly curved, at, to 90 x4mm. In shrubland and woodland on rocky soils inTorrington to Ashford region. Threatened Species.

(b) Round Flower Heads

Acacia stenophylla (river cooba)

Small tree or shrub to 10 m. Weeping habit. Dark,brous bark. Phyllodes straight or slightly curved,

150-400mm x1.7 mm, small gland at base. 25-35 paleyellow flowers in round headsin small clusters on felty stalks.Irregular owering March – July.Pod straight, wrinkled, to 150 x 10mm, constricted between seeds.

Common on watercourses andalluvial ood plains, west of Inverell.


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Acacia pendula (boree, weeping myall)

Small tree to 13 m. Grey ssured bark, pendulousbranches. Phyllodes silvery, curved, minutely hairy,gland at base, narrow lance shaped, obscure veins, at

and thick to 140x 10mm. 12- 20 pale yellow owersin rounded heads, in groups of 2-4 on axillary shoots.Flowers irregularly usually summer-autumn. Pods at,straight, slightly hairy, winged margins, to 80 x 20 mm.Common on ood plains on heavy clay soils, formingpure shrublands or low open woodlands.

Acacia omalophylla (yarran)

Small tree or shrub to 7 m. Thick dark aky bark.Phyllodes narrow ellip c, straight to slightly curved,

at to 100 x 8 mm, 1-3 prominent veins, leathery.Small gland at base. Bright yellow owers in balls, onfelty stalks in pairs or clusters 20 – 30 in axils. FlowersMay – September. Pods straight, at, papery, to 70x 9 mm, thickened margin. Common in woodlandand shrubland, on brown earths. Often in Belah/Rosewood/Box communi es.


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Acacia melvillei (yarran)

Tree to 10m. Finely grooved grey bark, branchletsangled and o en a ened at leaf junc ons. Phyllodesgrey-green, slightly curved, sickle-shaped, to 90 x 8mm,

nely-pointed p, some veins prominent. Many yellowowers in round heads in axillary clusters of 3 to 5,usually proli c owering. Pods at, to 100 x 12mm,with prominent margins, brown. Dis nguished from

A. omalophylla by seeds lying across the pod ratherthan lengthways. Flowers in spring. On clay soils inwoodland.

Acacia excelsa (ironwood)

Small tree to 15m, furrowed bark. Branchlets angularand may be covered with a whi sh bloom. Phyllodesstraight or slightly curved, ellip c, to 75 x 16 mm, 5 or6 prominent veins, gland in lower half. 20 – 35 goldenyellow owers in round heads, in pars or groups of3-4 axils. Flowers March – July. Pod straight, flat,constricted between seeds, slightly winged margins,to 110 x 10 mm, some mes with a whi sh bloom.Common in woodland and shrubland on red brown

earths. Western part of the North West Slopes.


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Acacia melanoxylon (blackwood)

Medium tree to 30 m. Dark, deeply furrowed bark.Angled or flattened branchlets. Phyllodes straightor slightly curved, to 140 x 30 mm with 3-5 veins,

small gland at base. Bipinnate juvenile leaves maybe present. 30-50 pale yellow-white flowers inround heads, in groups of 208 in axils. Flowers July –December. Pod coiled and twisted, to 150 x 10 mm,thick margins. In moist situa ons on good soil, at higheral tudes. Liverpool and Nandewar Ranges.

Acacia implexa (hickory wa le)

Small tree to12 m. Angular to rounded branchlets,trunk with rough tessellated bark. Phyllodes narrow,curved, to 160 mm x 20 mm, 3 main veins, other veinsconspicuous, small gland at base. (Dis nguished from

A. melanoxylon by lateral veins at angles rather thanrectangular). 30-50 pale yellow to white owers inrounded heads, in groups of 4-8 in axils. Flowers latesummer. Pods curved, coiled and twisted, to 200 x 6mm. Grows in forests and woodlands on a range of soils.


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Acacia harpophylla (brigalow)

Small-medium tree to 20m. Hard, black furrowed bark.Branchlets angled. Phyllodes narrow, flat, curved,to 20cm x 2cm, 2-5 prominent veins, silvery-grey in

appearance, small gland at base. 12-30 golden yellowto white owers in round heads in groups of 3-8 in axils.Flowers July-October. Pod thick and woody, at, ridged,to 100mm x 8mm. Common on low phosphorous soils,clay loams. In box woodland and pure stands.

Acacia falciformis (broad-leaved hickory)

Small tree to 10m. Grey-black, ssured bark. Branchlets

angled, downy when young. Phyllodes curved, broad,grey green, to 14cm x 3xcm, prominent mid-vein andlateral veins, large gland in an indent in the marginwith a vein leading to the mid vein. 15-25 pale yellow

owers in round heads, in groups of 10-18 in axils.Pos oblong and constricted between seeds, bluish todull brown, to 150mm x 22mm. Flowers July-January.Occurs in eucalypt forest and woodland, in moist gulliesor exposed posi ons. On heavier clay soils.


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Acacia penninervis (mountain hickory)

Small tree to 8m. Grey, mo led, nely ssured bark.Branchlets angular. Phyllodes oblong to broad lanceshaped, green to blue-green, to 15cm x 3.5cm, thick

margin, prominent mid-vein and lateral veins, 1-2glands near asymmetric base. 20-30 white to paleyellow owers in round heads, in groups of 10-30on axillary shoot. Flowers November-February. Podsthick, straight, brown, thickened margin, constrictedbetween seeds. Widespread in eucalypt and woodlandsthroughout the region.

Acacia salicina (cooba, na ve willow)

Small tree to 20m. Rough ssure bark. Pendulous,angular branches. Phyllodes linear to narrow ellip c,curved, prominent mid-vein, thick, pale green to bluish,to 16cm x 2cm, 1-4 small glands along one margin.15-30 pale-yellow to white ower in groups of 1-6on axillary shoots. Flowers irregularly throughoutthe year. Pods woody, rounded, straight, brown to120mm x 12mm, thickened margins. Seeds withbright red aril. Common in woodlands and grasslandsalong watercourses on alluvial soils, north and westof Tamworth.


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Acacia neriifolia (silver wa le)

Small tree to 9m. Grey bark, open angular branches.Phyllodes straight or slightly curved, blue green, linear,prominent mid-vein, to 18cm x 1.2cm, 1-3 glands

along top margin, prominent margin. 20-40 brightyellow owers in round heads in groups of 8-20 inaxillary shoots. Flowers June-September (Jan.). Podslight brown, smooth, at, slightly constricted betweenseeds, to 160mm x 9mm. Occurs in woodland onthin granite soils o en on rocky hillsides. North fromTamworth and Baradine.

+ Acacia acrionastes

Shrub or sparse treet o 8 m . R o u n d e dbranchlets. Phyllodesstraight, linear, to 170x 4mm, green, oneprominent mid-vein,gland one-third wayalong margin. 10-20pale yellow owers in

round heads, in axillary clusters of 10-15. Pods straightto slightly curved, at, slightly constricted betweenseeds, to 130 x 10mm. Flowers in winter. Understoreyshrub in forest. Recorded only from Pindari Dam.Threatened species.


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Acacia mbriata (fringed wa le)

Spreading shrub to 6m. Branchlets angled, + hairy.Phyllodes straight or slightly curved, green, to 45x 5mm, with a prominent mid-vein and fine hairs

fringing the margin, small gland on margin near base.12-20 golden yellow owers in round heads borne onaxial stalks in clusters of 10-20. Pods brown, at, to80 x 10mm, prominent margins, slightly constrictedbetween seeds, with black seeds. Flowers late winterthrough spring. As understorey in forest, on clay oralluvial soils, o en near creeks, east of Inverell.

Acacia oswaldii (miljee)

Spreading shrub or small tree to 6m. Branchlets angledand a ened near leaf junc ons. Phyllodes straightto slightly curved, to 80 x 10mm, ne and prominentveins, sharp tip, grey-green, small gland at base.6-12 pale yellow owers in round heads singly or inpairs in leaf axils. Pods strongly coiled, at to 250 x10mm, woody, dark brown. On alluvial and clay soilsin woodland or open shrubland in west of region.Flowers late spring.


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10. NON-EUCALYPTS – Leaves reduced to Scales,Needle-like leavesExocarpos cupressiformis (cherry ballart, na ve cherry)Small tree to 8m. Yellow-green to bronzy-greencypress-like foliage. Branches rounded, nely ribbed.Leaves ny triangular or pointed scales. Flower ny,green, in pendulous clusters. Fruit a yellow to redberry to 6mm. Widespread in woodland and foreston a range of soils.

SANTALACEAE

Allocasuarina li oralis (black she-oak)

Small tree to 15m, separate male and female trees.Branchlets (needles) to 20 cm x 1mm, in jointedsections with 6-8 tiny teeth at each joint. Conescylindrical (variable), to 30 x 20 mm, on a short stalk(5-18mm), containing black winged seeds. AroundMasterman’s Range.

CASUARINACEAE


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Allocasuarina luehmannii (bull oak)

Tree to 15m. Rough, deeply ssured bark. Branchlets(needles) in jointed sec ons, 8-20mm long, long, thick,wiry and ascending. Leaves ny, in rings of 9-12 around

branchlet joints. Cones a ened, to 15mm wide with2-3 rows of valves.

CASUARINACEAE

Allocasuarina inophloia (hairy oak)

Small tree to 10m, open spreading habits. Brown,brous, shaggy bark. Branchlets in jointed sec ons

5-12mm long, ne and rounded. Leaves ny in ringsof 8-12 around joints. Cones on stalks 3-8mm, woody,10-20mm x 8-12mm. Dark brown seeds. In woodlandon iron or sandstone ridges, Yetman-Emmaville area.

CASUARINACEAE


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Allocasuarina rigida

Shrub to 4m. Separate male and female plants.Branchlets (needles) to 33cm x 1.5 mm, with 7-10 nyteeth at each joint, with teeth curling back . Cones to 25

x 12mm, cylindrical, with small winged seeds (to 6mm).Only on volcanic rocky ridges, Howell and Kaputar.

CASUARINACEAE

Allocasuarina torulosa (forest oak)

Medium to tall tree, rough bark. Branchlets (needles)in jointed sec ons to 14 cm, square in cross sec on,with 4-5 ny teeth at ach joint. Cones warty to 35 x28mm with prominent ‘teeth’. As understorey in tallforest on Liverpool Range.

CASUARINACEAE


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Casuarina cristata (belah)

Tree to 20m. Dark grey, regularly fissures bark.Branchlets (needles) grey-green +/- waxy, thick,rounded, in jointed sec ons 8-20mm long. Leaves

ny, in rings of 8-14 around branchlet joints. Conesoblong , woody, to 20mm long. Widespread in Eucalyptor Cypress woodland or as a dominant species on arange of soils.

CASUARINACEAE

Casuarina cunninghamiana (river oak)

Tall tree to 30m. Grey ssured bark. Branchlets slenderand pendulous, dark green, rounded in jointed sec ons4-9mm apart. Leaves ny, in rings of 6-10 aroundbranchlet joints. Cones spherical, to 10mm. Commonin dominant stands along river banks.

CASUARINACEAE


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Jacksonia scoparia (dogwood)

Shrub to 4m. Branchlets are mostly lea ess, minutelydowny, grey-green. Flowers cream to orange, sweetsmelling, pea-like, 5-10 mm long. Fruit is a hairy pod

to 12 mm long. On poor gravelly clay soils.FABACEAE

Callitris glaucophylla (white cypress pine)[syn. C. columellaris F. Muell. ]

Tree to 20m. Single trunk, rough ssured bark. Leavesaroma c scale-like, small, in whorls, forming roundneedle like grey-green foliage. Cones solitary, 15-25mmwide, smooth, falling when mature, separa ng into 6thin scales right to the base, small column in centre. Inpure stands or mixed woodland on coarse red/brownearths, or sandy soils.

CUPRESSACEAE


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Callitris endlicheri (black cypress pine)

Tree to 15m. Single trunk, rough bark. Leaves aroma c,scale like and keeled, branchlets coarse-angular,forming needle-like green foliage. Cones spherical,

smooth, to 20mm wide, with six unequal scales, witha sharp projec on at the top, 2-3 columns in centre.Greener and more upright foliage than C. glaucophylla .Common in mixed woodland, on rocky hills or grani csandy soils.

CUPRESSACEAE

Callitris glaucophylla (white cypress pine)


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11. TRUE LEAVES, OPPOSITE,


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Elaeodendron australe [syn. Cassine australis ](red olive plum)

Shrub or small tree to 8m. Leaves oblong to oblong-ellip c, margin with shallow rounded teeth, glossy with

stem 4-10mm long. Flowers ny. Fruit a eshy, orange,to red berry, 10-25mm long. In dry vine thickets orbrigalow on deep sands or alluvial soils.

CELASTRACEAE

Beyeria viscosa (s cky wallaby bush)

Shrub 3-4 m. Leaves approximately rectangular andtapering towards stem. Upper surface green and s cky,lower surface whi sh. Flowers to 4mm, white. Fruitis a spherical 3-segmented capsule with a persistents gma. Common on shallow soils, rocky outcrops andlimestone.

EUPHORBIACEAE

See also Alstonia constricta .


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12. TRUE LEAVES, OPPOSITE, LARGEST LEAVES>15mm WIDENotelaea microcarpa (na ve olive)

Shrub or small tree up to 10m. May be mul stemmedwith tessellated bark. Young branches downy. Leaveslance-shaped to 150mm x 30mm, veins raised onupper surface, 2-4 pointed buds in leaf axils. Flowersin small groups on slightly hairy stalks, in leaf axils,greenish-yellow. Fruit is a dark blue berry, 5-10mmlong. Common in box or mixed woodland, on rocky,poor soils.

OLEACEAE

Xylomelum cunninghamianum (woody pear)

Small tree to 20m. Leaves narrow lance-shaped, withen re or toothed margins, to 12cm x 2cm, prominentveins on both surfaces. Flowers ‘Grevillea-like’,brownish. Large woody pear-shaped fruit, spli ngalong centre. Winged seeds. Occurs in deep sandy soilsin woodland north from Warialda.

PROTEACEAE


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Psydrax oleifolia [Canthium oleifolium ](wild lemon)

Shrub or small tree to 6m, s horizontal branches, young ones with spines. Leaves oblong to ellip cal ,

to 75mm x 25mm, yellowish green on both surfaces,veins obscure. Flowers fragrant, white, funnel-shaped,in clusters in the axils, spring to autumn. Fruit a 6mmspherical, green then black berry. Forms thickets inwoodland on sandy, stony or loamy red earths inundula ng country.

RUBIACEAE

Psydrax odorata [Canthium odoratum ]

(iamboto)Shrub or small tree to 8m. Leaves ellip c (may bebroadest above or below the middle) to 80mm x35mm, rounded at the p, upper surface glossy green,lower surface paler. Fragrant cream owers, funnelshaped, slightly hairy on the outside, all year. Fruit a7mm compressed spherical berry, green then black.On rocky hillsides and ridges.

RUBIACEAE

See also Elaeodendron australis


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Alstonia constricta (quinine bush)

Small tree to 12m. Branches with milky sap, bark corkyand deeply ssured, upper bark smooth. Leaves darkgreen, thin, soft on long slender stalk. Numerous

yellowish, scented owers on loose clusters. Fruit isa tapered pod to 180mm, spli ng open to releasenumerous flat, silky haired seeds. Common inwoodlands and scrubs and in riverside woodlands.

APOCYNACEAE

Santalum lanceolatum (northern sandalwood)

Small tree to 8m with open crown and droopingbranches. Bark ‘ le-like’. Leaves blue to grey-green,oval, 20-90x 20-40mm.Flowers cream to green, inaxillary clusters, 5mm wide. Fruit is plum-like, purplewith a hard stone, to 14 x 10mm, with a prominentscar on the end. Woodlands.

SANTALACEAE

Also Santalum acuminatum (Quandong) occurs in SW of region. Round hard seed withprominent pits and dimples.


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13. TRUE LEAVES, ALTERNATE, LARGEST LEAVES


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Hakea eriantha

Shrub or small tree to 10m. leaves narrow lance-shaped, 5-15cm x 5-15mm, with a sharp p. Flowerssmall, white in clusters in the leaf axils. Fruit is a

hard, woody ‘nut’, spli ng into two halves, 25mmlong x 15mm. Understorey in forest on Melville andNandewar Ranges.

PROTEACEAE

Pi osporum angus folium [P. phylliraeoides ](bu erbush, berrigan)

Small tree to 10m, pendulous branches. Grey mo ledbark, leaves narrow and at, with a small hookedpoint, to 120mm x 12mm, shiny and thick. Fragrantcream owers, small, winter to spring. Fruit an orangecapsule, egg or heart shaped, with seeds in a s ckyorange pulp. In woodlands on sandy red earths.

PITTOSPORACEAE


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Pi osporum spinescens [Citriobatus spinescens ](wallaby apple)

Shrub or small tree to 8m. Spiny branchlets. Leaveswedge-shaped, to 20mm x 10mm. Small whitish

owers. Fruit a spherical berry, hard, 15-50mm wide,ripening yellow to orange. In dry forest and scrub northfrom Warialda.

PITTOSPORACEAE

See also Bursaria spinosa

Callistemon viminalis (weeping bo lebrush)

Shrub or small tree to 10m. Weeping foliage, darkfurrowed bark. Leaves linear to narrow-elliptic,to 70mm x 10mm, one side straighter that other,young growth hairy and pinkish. Flowers bright red,in ‘bo lebrush’ spikes to 100mm x 60mm, spring tosummer. Fruit is 6mm hard capsule , persistent on thestem. On sandy soils along watercourses in the northof the region.

MYRTACEAE


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Geijera parvi ora (wilga)

Shrub or small tree to 10m, pendulous leaves andbranches. Leaves narrow, aroma c, to 180mm x 7mm,prominent midrib, leaves hanging from stem. Flowers

small, white, in clusters at end of branchlets, fe dsmelling. Fruit lobed and spherical to 5mm. Commonin woodland communi es, frequently at the base ofeucalypts, on a variety of soil types.

RUTACEAE

Eremophila mitchellii (budda, false sandalwood)

Shrub or tree to 10m. Rough, dark brown, irregularlypa erned bark. Leaves linear, to 60mm x 5mm, s cky,bright green, aromatic. Flowers whitish, on stickystalks, bell shaped with 5 unequal lobes, to 18mm long,2-3 in axils. Fruit a dry, silky, haired, pointed berry, to6mm. In bimble box, cypress and wilga communi es,on sandy or clay loam soils.

MYOPORACEAE


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Eremophila bignonii ora (eurah, bignonia emu bush)

Shrub or small tree to 7m. Leaves drooping, green,resinous and fragrant, to 200 x 14mm. Flowers

approximately bell-shaped, cream with pinkish ngeand occasionally spo ed; 20-30mm long. Fruit is a

rm berry, to 20 x 15mm, spli ng at the p. On heavyclays near rivers and on oodplains, usually with riverred gum.

MYOPORACEAE

Myoporum platycarpum (sugarwood)

Shrub or small tree to 10m. Deeply ssured bark withsquarish segments. Leaves ellip c to curved linear,margins with a few teeth, +/- s cky, to 95mm x 14mm.Flowers white, bell shaped, in groups of 4-8 in theleaf axils. Flowering late winter-early summer. Fruita dry a ened 6mm berry. In woodlands and Belah-Rosewood communi es on red and brown earths.West of Quirindi.

MYOPORACEAE


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Myoporum montanum (western boobialla)

Shrub or small tree to 8m. Coarsely ssured bark.Leaves lance shaped to linear, 100mm x 10mm, pointed

p. Flowers white with purple spots, bell-shaped, 5

uneven lobes, owering ate winter-early summer. Fruitis a spherical berry, ripening purple to 8mm. In bimblebox and white cypress communi es on red earths androcky hillsides. Widespread.

MYOPORACEAE

Ven lago viminalis (supplejack)Small tree to 10m, single trunked or with mul pleintertwined trunks. Rough, dark, furrowed bark. Leavesto 150mm x 12mm, lance shaped, glossy green, blunttipped, with prominent light mid-vein. Flowers indrooping clusters in leaf ails, cream. Fruit has a yellowgreen, oblong wing to 25mm. Sca ered in woodlandfrom heavy clays to sandy soils.

RHAMNACEAE


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Melaleuca bracteata (white cloud tree)

Small to large shrub, to 10m. Dark, hard +/- ssuredbark. Alternate linear to lance shaped leaves,some mes twisted, to 28mm x 3mm. Flowers white,

in loose ‘bo lebrush’ spikes to 35mm near the end ofbranchlets in spring. Fruit is cup shaped, woody with5 short ‘teeth’ on rim. Common on watercourses,drainage lines and depressions, usually on red alluvialsoils.

MYRTACEAE

Maytenus cunninghamii (yellow berry bush)Shrub to 6m. Leaves alternate, narrow ellipse-shapedor linear, leathery, 10-20 x 2-8 mm. Tiny white owerson short branches. Fruit is a yellow spherical capsulespli ng into two valves with 1 seed. On shallow rockysoils.

CELASTRACEAE


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Citrus glauca (desert lime, wild lime)[Eremocitrus glauca ]

Shrub or small tree 2-12m. Occasionally lea ess, withsharp thorns. Leaves narrow, wedge-shaped, 10-50

x 5-10mm wide, with prominent oil glands. Flowerswhite, bell-shaped, 10mm across. Fruit a berry 10-20mm diameter, pale greenish-yellow, with prominentoil glands, thin skin. Edible. On heavy clay soils south-west of Coonabarabran.

RUTACEAE

See also Atalaya hemiglauca

Bursaria spinosa


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14. TRUE LEAVES, ALTERNATE LARGEST LEAVES>15mmBrachychiton populneus (kurrajong)

Medium tree to 20m. Thick trunk with smooth greybark. Leaves bright shiny-green, elliptic to lance-shaped, may have 3-5 lobes, to 150mm x 30mm, onlong stalks. Flowers creamy-white, bell shaped, 15mmlong, in clusters on long stalks from axils. Fruit a woodyboat shaped pod, green, drying black, spli ng on oneside to reveal yellow seeds surrounded by ne, dense,irritant hairs. Widespread on the slopes in forest andwoodland.

STERCULIACEAE

Alphitonia excelsa (red ash)

Small to medium tree to 20m. Steel grey smooth tofissured bark. New branchlets with golden browndown. Leaves broad ellip cal to lance-shaped., darkgreen and glossy above, silvery-white and hairy below,to 140mm x 50mm, raised yellow brown veins below.Flowers small, creamy-green. Fruit a rounded berry,black with small ‘cap’ on the stalk end, 5-10mm. Inscrub, open forest and sheltered gullies on a varietyof soils.

RHAMNACEAE


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Banksia integrifolia (honeysuckle)

Tree to 15m. Rough tessellated bark. Leaves in whorls,narrow ellip c, smooth to toothed margin, to 200mmx 35mm, lower surface white and woolly, midrib

rusty-hairy. Flowers yellow and numerous in 5-10cm‘bo lebrush’ spikes. Fruit is a two valved capsule, withmany forming a woody cylindrical cone to 100mm.Limited occurrence in Wallangra area.

PROTEACEAE

Capparis mitchellii (wild orange)

Shrub or small tree to 6m. Dark, rough bark, broadcrown. Spiny creeper when young. Leaves ellip c, dullgreen and leathery, two small recurved spines presentat the base of each leaf. Flowers cream to yellow, to50mm across, numerous stamens. Fruit a large (50mm)sweet-smelling and warty, globular berry, grey-greenwith yellow to orange pulp, borne on a long snakingstalk. Scattered individuals on red earths in openwoodlands.

CAPPARACEAE


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Ficus rubiginosa [F. macrophylla f. columnaris(C. Moore) D.J. Dixon ] (Port Jackson g)

Small tree to 15m. Smooth grey bark and spreadingbranches with milky latex when cut. Leaves ellip c,

leathery, to 100mm x 60mm, lower surface rusty-hairy,upper surface smooth and dark green. Fruit a rounded

g yellow-red, warty to 12mm. In rocky sites, dry hillsin open forest or scrub in hilly areas.

MORACEAE

Pi osporum undulatum (pi osporum)

Small tree to 15m. Leaves o en clustered at end ofbranches, ellip c to lance-shaped, to 150mm x 40mm,undula ng margins. Flowers fragrant, in clusters atend of branchlets, cream, 12mm with a short point,numerous seeds in s cky orange pulp. In shelteredsitua ons in forest and woodland on a variety of soiltypes.

PITTOSPORACEAE


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Petalos gma pubescens (bi er bark)

Small tree to 12m, spreading branches. Grey andblack, ver cally ssured bark. Leaves +/- circular, darkgreen above, grey and nely hairy below, to 60mm x

25mm. Flowers creamy. Fruit an orange-yellow berry,slightly hairy, to 17mm. Widespread in open forest andwoodland, on deep sands.

EUPHORBIACEAE

See also Alectryon oleifolius

Senna artemisioides (silver cassia)

Shrub to 4m. Leaves variable 30-60 mm long with 1-8pairs of narrow, cylindrical lea ets, greyish-green. 1gland between the lowest pair. Flowers bu ercup-like,bright yellow on short side shoots, sweetly scented.Fruit is a shiny brown, papery pod, 40- 80 x 6-10 mm.Alluvial soils in woodland or shrubland.

CAESALPINIACEAE


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Hymenosporum avum (na ve frangipani)

Tall shrub to 12m. Leaves green, alternate or whorled,+ovate, 8-15 x 3-4 cm, with lightly hairy midrib onlower surface. Flowers in clusters with hairy stalks,

cream to yellow, 5 petals, slightly hairy inside, 5cm indiameter. Fruit is a capsule, 20-30mm long spli nginto two valves. In this region on the Liverpool Rangein rainforest.

PITTOSPORACEAE

Pomaderris lanigeraSpreading shrub to 6m. Leaves hairy, lance-shaped toovate, green on upper surface and whi sh and rustyhairs on lowers surface, to 10 x 3 cm. Small brightyellow owers in prominent clusters. Fruit a small hairycapsule. Usually in creek lines in hilly country.

RHAMNACEAE


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Alectryon subdentatus

Shrub or small tree, with hairy stems and branches.Leaves with 2-6 lea ets, lower ones smaller; lea etsopposite, ellipse-shaped, toothed , to 8 x 4 cm, hairy

on underside. Flowers small in clusters. Fruit is a2-chambered capsule, to 10x 20mm, hairy, stalkless,with 2 black seeds encases in red arils. In dry rainforestcommuni es, o en on rocky outcrops.

SAPINDACEAE

Geijera parvi ora (Wilga)


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GLOSSARYAlternate Leaves: Leaf stalks are joined to stem at di erent levels.

Axillary/Axial: occurring in the angle between the main stem(or trunk) and a leaf or side shoot.

Bud: an unopened ower, leaf or shoot.

Cap: also referred to as operculum or calyptra. The “lid” or top ofa eucalypt ower bud, which falls o a er owering.

Disc: a ring or plate of ssue occurring in the top of the eucalyptfruit. The “rim” of a eucalypt fruit.

Feather Veined: also called ‘penniveined’. A central main vein and manysecondary veins at right angles to it.

Fruit: the seed bearing part of owering plants.

Gland: a secretory structure on the margin of a leaf, appearing as aslightly raised bump.

Lateral Vein: the veins of a leaf which come o the midrib.

Opposite Leaves: leaf stalks are joined to the stem direct lyopposite other leaf stalks.

Ovate: (leaves), 1-3 me longer than wideand broadest below the middle.

Phyllode: a a ened leaf stalk, replacing the leaf blade in many Acacias,and appearing leaf-like.


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Pinnae: the primary segments of a divided leaf.

Pinnules: the secondary segments of a divide leaf.

Pinnate/Bipinnate: a leaf divided once (pinnate) or twice(bipinnate) as in some Acacias.

Sessile: (leaves) without a stalk; the base of the leaf joins the stem directly.

Staminal Ring: a loose ring of ssue around the top of the fruit insome eucalypts.

Tessellated: (of bark) in plates or small chunks; le-like.

Valves: segments of the divided top of eucalypts fruit.

Whorls: groups of leaves a ached at the same point on the stem.

Eucalyptus conica (fuzzy box)


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USEFUL BOOKSThe following books may help you con rm your iden ca ons or will provide valuableinforma on on local trees and-shrubs. These are listed in the format:Author (Year) Title of Book, Name of publishing company.

• Andrews, S., Carr, D.B., & Ward, H. (2004) A manual for planted farm forestry for the northern inland of New South Wales. Greening Australia NSW Inc andNorthern Inland Forestry Investment Group., Armidale, NSW.

• Beadle, N.C.W. (1972)- Students Flora of North-Eastern NSW Vol 1-6 , Universityof New England, Armidale.

• Boland, D.J., Brooker, M.I.H., Chippendale, G.M., Hall, N., Hyland, B.P.M.,Johnston, RD. Kleinig, D.A., McDonald, M.W and Turner, J.D. (2006) Forest Treesof Australia, 5 th Edn . CSIRO Publishing.

• Brooker, M.I.H. and Kleinig, D.A. (1983) Field Guide to Eucalypts, VoI 1 , InkataPress, Sydney.

• Carr, D. (1997) Plants in your pants: A pocket guide for the iden ca on and useof the common plants of the northwest slopes Greening Australia NorthwestNSW and Manilla Landcare Group., Armidale, NSW.

• Carr, D. & Cur s, D. (2000) Plants in your Pants II: A pocket guide to the treesand shrubs of the North West Plains of NSW. Greening Australia NorthwestNSW, Armidale, NSW.

• Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research. 2006. EUCLID: Eucalypts of Australia .hird Edi on. CSIRO PUBLISHING. DVD. (An interac ve computer key)

• Clarke, P.J., Davidson, E.A., & Tremont, R.M. (1998) Your bushland: Tips formanaging bush plants in the New England region. University of New England.,Armidale, NSW.

• Clemson, A (1985) Honey and Pollen Flora , Inkata Press.

• Costermans, L (1994) Na ve Trees and Shrubs of South-Eastern Australia ,Lansdowne.

• Cremer, K.W” (ed)(1990) Trees for Rural Australia , Inkata Press.

• Cunningham, G.M., Mulham, W.E., Milthorpe, P.L., Leigh, J.H. (1993) Plants of

Western NSW , Soil Conserva on Service, 2nd

Edn., Inkata Press.• Harden, G.J. (Ed)(1993) Flora of New South Wales, vol. 1-4 , NSW University

Press, Sydney.

• Kelly, S. (1978) Eucalypts - Volumes 1 and 2 , Nelson, Melbourne.

• Maslin, B. (2001) Wa le: Acacias of Australia . CSIRO PUBLISHING / AustralianBiological Resources Study (ABRS) / Department of Conserva on and LandManagement (CALM) Western Australia. (An interac ve computer key)

• Stewart, D and RE (1995) From Seeds to Leaves - a complete guide to growing Australian trees and shrubs from seed , Agmedia, Melbourne.


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• Tame, T. (1992) Acacias of south-East Australia ; Kangaroo press.

• Williams, J.B- (1982) New England Eucalypts , University of New England,Armidale.

• Williams, J.B. New England Acacias , University of New England, Armidale.

• Williams, J.B. (1983) Notes on the Eucalypts of the North-West Slopes andPlains , NSW, UNE, Armidale.

• Williams, J.B, Harden, G.J and McDonald, W.J.F. (1984) Trees and Shrubsin Rainforests of New South and Southern Queensland . University of NewEngland,-Armidale.

WebsitesAustralia’s Virtual Herbarium (h p://www.anbg.gov.au/avh/)

Associa on of Socie es for Growing Australian Plants (ASGAP) (h p://asgap.org.au/)

Border Rivers-Gwydir CMA (www.brg.cma.nsw.gov.au)

Florabank (www. orabank.org.au)

Greening Australia (www.greeningaustralia.org.au)

Namoi CMA (www.namoi.cma.nsw.gov.au)

PlantNet (h p://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/)

UNE Herbarium (h p://www.une.edu.au/botany/herbarium.php)


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USEFUL CONTACTSFor further informa on about trees, landcare or similar issues, you can contact oneof these organisa ons

Greening Australia (www.greeningaustralia.org.au)

Florabank: Australia’s na ve seed resource: (www. orabank.org.au)

Greening Australia NSW142 Addison Rd, Marrickville, 2204.P: 02 9560 9144.

The Herbarium, Botany Department, University of New England, Armidale,2351.

The Na onal Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens, MrsMacquaries Rd, Sydney 2001.

Namoi Catchment Management Authority –PO Box 54635-37 Abbo Street Gunnedah NSW 2380P: 02 6742 9220 F: 02 6742 4022Web: www.namoi.cma.nsw.gov.au

Border Rivers-Gwydir Catchment Management Authority –

PO Box 41115 Vivian Street Inverell NSW 2360P: 02 6728 8020 F: 02 6728 8098Web: h p://brg.cma.nsw.gov.au

GROUPS TO JOINYour local Landcare Group. contact Landcare through the na onal websiteh p://www.landcareonline.com.au

Na onal Parks Associa on – guest speakers, bushwalks

h p://www.npansw.org.au/website/


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Species Other names Botanicalauthor

Page Illustration

Acacia acrionastes Pedley 49 Herb

Acacia burrowii Burrows wattle Maiden 40 GC

Acacia caroleae Pedley 41 GC

Acacia cheelii Blakely 42 GC

Acacia crassa Pedley 41 GC

Acacia dealbata Link 37 GC

Acacia deanei subsp .

deanei

(R. Baker)

Welch,Coombs &McGlynn

38 GC

Acacia debilis Tind. 39 GC

Acacia doratoxylon Lancewood Cunn 40 GC

Acacia excelsa Benth 45, 5 GC

Acacia falciformis DC 47 GC

Acacia filicifolia Cheel &Welch

38 GC

Acacia fimbriata Cunn. exDon

50 Herb

Acacia harpophylla F Muell exBenth

47 GC

Acacia omalophylla A.homalophylla

Cunn &Benth

44 GC

Acacia implexa Lightwood Benth 46 GC

Acacia leiocalyx (Domin)Pedley

42 GC


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Acacia leucoclada Tind 37 GC

Acacia melanoxylon R Br 46 Herb

Acacia melvillei Pedley 45 GC

Acacia neriifolia Oleanderwattle

Cunn exBenth

49 GC

Acacia oswaldii F. Muell. 50 GC

Acacia pendula Cunn exDon

44 GC

Acacia penninervis Sieber exDC

48 GC

Acacia rubida Cunn. 39 Herb

Acacia salicina Broughton,Doolan

Lindley 48 GC

Acacia stenophylla River Myall,Belalie, Gurley

Cunn exBenth

43 GC

Acacia williamsiana J.T. Hunter 43 UNE

Alectryon oleifolius Hetero-dendrumoleifolium

(Desf)SRyan62 GC

Alectryon subdentatus (F. Muell. ExBenth.)Radlk.

75 GC

Allocasuarinainophloia

Casuarinainophloia

(F Muell &Bailey) LJohnson

52 GC

Allocasuarina littoralis Casuarinalittoralis

(Salisb.)L.A.S.Johnson

51 GC


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Callitris glaucophylla C columellaris,C.hugelii

JoyThomps. &L.A.SJohnson

55, 56 GC

Callitris endlicheri (Parl) FMBail 56 GC

Capparis mitchellii Bimble,Bumble

Lindl 71 GC

Casuarina cristata subsp. c ristata Miq. 54 GC

Casuarinacunninghamiana

subsp.cunninghamia-na

Miq. 54 GC

Citrus glauca Eremocitrusglauca

(Lindl.)Burkill

69 GC

Corymbiadolichocarpa

Eucalyptusdolichocarpa

D Carr & SCarr

36 GC

Corymbia tessellaris Eucalyptustessellaris

F Muell 35 GC

Corymbiatrachyphloia

Eucalyptustrachyphloia

F Muell 35 Herb

Elaeodendronaustrale

Cassineaustralis

Vent 58 GC

Eremophilabignoniiflora

(Benth.) F.Muell.

66 GC

Eremophila mitchellii Benth. 65 GC

Eucalyptus albens Gum toppedPeppermint

Benth 19 GC

Eucalyptus andrewsii Maiden 25 GC


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Eucalyptusapothalassica

L Johnson &K Hill

25 Herb

Eucalyptus bakeri Maiden 27 Herb

Eucalyptus banksii Maiden 23 Herb

Eucalyptus beyeriana E.beyeri,E.panda subspillaquens

L Johnson &K Hill

12 Herb

Eucalyptus blakelyi Maiden 30 GC

Eucalyptusbridgesiana

R Baker 21 Herb

Eucalyptus caleyi subsp . caleyi& ovendenii

Maiden 11 GC

Eucalyptus caliginosa Blakely &McKie

15 Herb

Eucalyptuscamaldulensis

Denth 29 GC

Eucalyptuschloroclada (Blakely) LJohnson31

GC

Eucalyptus conica Deane &Maiden

20, 77 GC

Eucalyptus coolabah E.microtheca Blakely &Jacobs

24 GC

Eucalyptus crebra F Muell 11 GC

Eucalyptuscypellocarpa

E.goniocalyx L Johnson 32 Herb

Eucalyptus dealbata Cunn exSchauer

30 GC


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Eucalyptus oresbia J.T. Hunter& J.J. Bruhl

33 Herb

Eucalyptus panda ST Blake 13 Herb

Eucalyptus pilligaensis Pilliga Box Maiden18 GC

Eucalyptus populnea subsp. bimbil F Muell(subsp LJohnson & KHill

17 GC

Eucalyptus prava E.bancroftii L Johnson &

K Hill

31 Herb

Eucalyptusquinniorum

Monkey Gum J.T. Hunter& J.J. Bruhl

28 UNE

Eucalyptus rossii Inland ScribblyGum

R Baker &HG Smith

32 Herb

Eucalyptussideroxylon

Cunn exWoolls

10 GC

Eucalyptus sparsifolia DC 16 Herb

Eucalyptus viminalis Labill 33 GC

Eucalyptus viridis R Baker 26 GC

Eucalyptus volcanica L Johnson &K Hill

22 Herb

Eucalyptus youmanii Blakely &McKie

16 Herb

Exocarposcupressiformis

Labill 51 GC

Ficus rubiginosa Desf exVent

72 GC


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Geijera parviflora Lindley 65, 75 GC

Hakea eriantha R.Br. 63 Herb

Hymenosporum

flavum

(Hook.) F.

Muell.

74 Herb

Jacksonia scoparia R.Br. 55 GC

Maytenuscunninghamii

(Hook.)Loes.

68 GC

Melaleuca bracteata Black TeaTree, Honey

Myrtle

F.Muell 68 GC

Myoporum montanum Waterbush,Boobialla

R Br 67 GC

Myporum platycarpum False Sandal-wood.Dogwood

R Br 66 GC

Notelaea microcarpa R Br 59 GC

Petalostigma pubescens Domin73

GC

Pittosporumangustifolium

P. phyllirae-oides

Lodd. 63 GC

Pittosporumspinescens

Citriobatusspinescens (FMuell) Druce

(F.Muell.)L.Cayzer,Crisp &I.Telford

64 GC

Pittosporumundulatum

Vent 72 Herb

Pomaderris lanigera (Andrews)Sims.

74 Herb


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Psydrax odorata Canthiumodoratum (Forster f) Seeman

(G.Forst.) A.C.Sm. &S.P.Darwin

60 GC

Psydrax oleifolia Canthium

oleifolium Hook

(Hook.)

S.T.Reynolds &R.J.F.Hend.

60 GC

Santalum lanceolatum R.Br. 61 GC

Senna artemisioides Cassiaartemisioides

(Gaudich exDC.)Randell

73 GC

Ventilago viminalis Vinetree Hook 67 GC

Xylomelumcunningham-ianum

D Foreman 59 GC

Illustrations: GC = Gail Cannon, Herb = NSWHerbarium (Flora of NSW), UNE = NCW BeadleHerbarium, UNE.

the trees and tall shrubs of the north west slopes of nsw

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