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THE TEXAS REVOLUTION

1. In the 1820s Stephen Austin receives land from Mexico & permission to start asettlement.

A. Austin brings 300 families to Texas and each receives approx. 1,000 acres.B.

In 1825 Mexico begins to accept all settlers large amounts of land cheap oncondition they would do three things:

1. Swear loyalty to Mexico2. Convert to the Catholic religion3. Learn Spanish

C. 1830s 30,000 American settlers in TexasD. Mexico outlaws slavery and tries to stop Americans from moving to TexasE. Mexico places a high tax on imported goods from the U.S.

2. 1833 General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna becomes President of Mexico & tightenscontrol on Texas.A. Austin meets with Santa Anna and demands restrictions on Texas be lifted, Austin

is imprisoned, Santa Anna declares himself dictator & overthrows MexicosConstitution.

B. 1835 Texas rebels against Mexican rule. Santa Anna sends troops to stoprebellion.

C. Texans win a few small victories at Gonzales & San AntonioD. Santa Anna crosses the Rio Grande with 6,000 soldiers to crush rebellion.E. 1836 Santa Anna (4,000 soldiers) attacks deserted mission The Alamo (180

Texans) William Travis, Davie Crockett, Jim BowieF. After 12 days of fighting, Santa Anna takes the Alamo, all 180 Texans are killed.G. March 2, 1836 Texas declares their Independence (during battle of Alamo). Sam

Houston placed in charge of the army.H. Another Mexican army takes Goliad and kills 300 prisoners.I. Remember the Alamo & Remember Goliad massacre becomes the battle cry

against Mexico.J. Significance of Alamo Time, Recruits & Justice

3. April 21, 1836 Texas troops defeat Santa Anna in surprise attack at San Jacinto River andforce him to sign a treaty and leave Texas.

4. Texas sets up its own government like that of the U.S.A and elects Sam Houston asPresident.

Annexation of Texas1. Texas wants to join the U.S. but Congress is fearful of upsetting the balance between

slave and free states as well as possible war with Mexico.2. Texas governs themselves from 1836-1845 (The Lone Star Republic)3. December 29, 1845 Texas is annexed and becomes part of the U.S.

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California

1. made up of Catholic missions, cattle ranches, most of the people living there wereIndians or descendants of Spanish colonies

2. 1n 1840s people from Europe and America start moving to California3. Many Indians in California die from disease & lack of food

The Mexican War1. Pres. Polk is determined to get the Southwest (Manifest Destiny)2. U.S. offers to buy California & New Mexico Mexico refuses3. Pres. Polk uses border dispute between U.S. & Mexico to start a war with Mexico4. U.S. claims border is Rio Grande, -- Mexico claims it is Nueces River5. Pres. Sends troops to Rio Grande under Zachary Taylor & Mexico sees this as an

invasion.6. Mexican troops cross Rio Grande and attack American forces7. Polk asks Congress to declare war on Mexico stating Mexico has passed the

boundary of the United States has invaded our territory, and shed American blood on

American soil.8. May 13, 1846 Congress declares war.Polks War Plan

1. Secure the border at Texas2. Seize control of California & New Mexico3. Capture Mexico City

Battles

1. Captain Fremont leads rebellion in northern California. June 15, 1846 they declareCalifornia an Independent Republic & raise the bear flag.

2. Fremont & California join with the U.S.3. General Taylor defeats Mexicans & Santa Anna at Battle of Buena Vista4. General Kearny captures Santa Fe then takes San Diego5. General Scott lands at Veracruz, takes the city, then marches toward Mexico City

fighting the Mexican army as well as armed citizens, takes Mexico City September1847, Mexico surrenders

Costs1. U.S. lost 1,721 men to battle & more than 11,000 to disease2. Cost the U.S. $100 million3. Mexico lost more men & half their territory.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo1. Mexico gives up all claims to Texas, border is set at Rio Grande.2. Mexico gives U.S. California & New Mexico for $15 million.

Gadsden Purchase 1853 U.S. pays $10 million for a strip of land in Arizona & New Mexico(railroad)MANIFEST DESTINY IS COMPLETE