the ten commandments: should they be displayed in public? copyright by norman l. geisler 2007

The Ten Commandments:

Should They be Displayed

in Public?

The Ten Commandments:

Should They be Displayed

in Public?

Copyright by Norman L. Geisler 2007 Copyright by Norman L. Geisler 2007

1--You shall have no other god’s before Me2--You shall not make any graven image3--You shall not take the name of God in vain4--Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy5--Honor your father and your mother6--You shall not murder7--You shall not commit adultery8--You shall not steal9--You shall not bear false witness10--You shall not covet


I am the Lord your God...I am the Lord your God...

Should These Commandments be

Displayed in Public? Should These Commandments be

Displayed in Public? Alabama

Chief Justice Roy Mooresaid “Yes.”

Alabama Chief Justice Roy Mooresaid “Yes.”

Should These Commandments be

Displayed in Public? Should These Commandments be

Displayed in Public? Alabama

Chief Justice Roy Mooresaid “Yes.”

He lost his job!

Alabama Chief Justice Roy Mooresaid “Yes.”

He lost his job!

The Supreme Court Said “No”--Twice!

The Supreme Court Said “No”--Twice!

1980--Not in Schools1980--Not in Schools

2005-- Not in Courts2005-- Not in Courts

Opponents Claim it is a Violation of the First

Amendment--

Opponents Claim it is a Violation of the First

Amendment--

Opponents Claim It is a Violation of the First

Amendment--

Opponents Claim It is a Violation of the First

Amendment--

But This is Unfounded

for Many Reasons!

But This is Unfounded

for Many Reasons!

Reason One

The First Amendment does not forbid the establishment of a national morality; it only forbids the establishment of a national religion.

Reason One

The First Amendment does not forbid the establishment of a national morality; it only forbids the establishment of a national religion.

Reason One

The First Amendment does not forbid the establishment of a national morality; it only forbids the establishment of a national religion.1. The first table does not tell us how to worship God, nor does it establish any particular religion. 2. And the second table is about morality, not religion.

Reason One

The First Amendment does not forbid the establishment of a national morality; it only forbids the establishment of a national religion.1. The first table does not tell us how to worship God, nor does it establish any particular religion. 2. And the second table is about morality, not religion.

What the First Amendment Says:

“[1] Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, [2] or prohibiting the free exercise thereof….”

What the First Amendment Says:

[1] The establishment clause forbids establishing any religion in particular.

[2] And the free exercise clause encourages religion in general.

[1] The establishment clause forbids establishing any religion in particular.

[2] And the free exercise clause encourages religion in general.

Reason TwoBoth Colonists and Founders

Believed the Ten Commandments Were the Basis of Civil Gov’t

Reason TwoBoth Colonists and Founders

Believed the Ten Commandments Were the Basis of Civil Gov’t

New Haven Colonial Law 1644

New Haven Colonial Law 1644

“The Judicial laws of God as they were delivered by Moses… [are to] be a rule

to all the courts in this jurisdiction.”

“The Judicial laws of God as they were delivered by Moses… [are to] be a rule

to all the courts in this jurisdiction.”

Reason Three

From the very beginning the Supreme Court established a national morality on the basis of the Ten Commandments.

In fact almost all of the commandments have been legislated and upheld by State and Federal Courts,

including laws against blasphemy, profanity,

murder, adultery, polygamy, lying, and stealing.

Reason Three

From the very beginning the Supreme Court established a national morality on the basis of the Ten Commandments.

In fact almost all of the commandments have been legislated and upheld by State and Federal Courts,

including laws against blasphemy, profanity,

murder, adultery, polygamy, lying, and stealing.

James Madison: “Father of US Constitution”

James Madison: “Father of US Constitution”

• “Before any man can be considered as a member of Civil Society, he must be considered as a subject of the Governor of the Universe.” (Memorial & Remonstrance, 1785).

• This subjection was done through God’s Laws in the Ten Commandments and also by the Declaration of Independence which Madison signed (1776).

• “Before any man can be considered as a member of Civil Society, he must be considered as a subject of the Governor of the Universe.” (Memorial & Remonstrance, 1785).

• This subjection was done through God’s Laws in the Ten Commandments and also by the Declaration of Independence which Madison signed (1776).

Sixth President of United StatesSixth President of United States

“If ‘Thou shalt not covet’ and “Thou shalt not steal’ were not commandments of Heaven, they must be made inviolable precepts in every society before it can be civilized or made free” (The Right Constitution …, Letter VI).

“If ‘Thou shalt not covet’ and “Thou shalt not steal’ were not commandments of Heaven, they must be made inviolable precepts in every society before it can be civilized or made free” (The Right Constitution …, Letter VI).

John Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams

Son of the Second PresidentSon of the Second President

U.S. Supreme Court Permits Bible in Schools:

“Why may not the Bible, and especially the New Testament be read and taught as divine

revelation [in schools]?”(Vidal, 1844).

“Why may not the Bible, and especially the New Testament be read and taught as divine

revelation [in schools]?”(Vidal, 1844).

Reason Four

If the Ten Commandments are rejected because of

references to God and His moral law, then

The Declaration of Independence must also

be rejected since it refers to “the Laws of Nature”

given by “Nature’s God.”

Reason Four

If the Ten Commandments are rejected because of

references to God and His moral law, then

The Declaration of Independence must also

be rejected since it refers to “the Laws of Nature”

given by “Nature’s God.”

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that

all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their

Creator with certain unalienable Rights….”

These are based on “the Laws of Nature

and of Nature’s God.”

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that

all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their

Creator with certain unalienable Rights….”

These are based on “the Laws of Nature

and of Nature’s God.”

1776: Declaration of Independence

To Declare our National Birth

Certificate Illegal is Unconstitutional,

Un-American,

and Absurd!

To Declare our National Birth

Certificate Illegal is Unconstitutional,

Un-American,

and Absurd!

1776: Declaration of Independence

Reason Five

The Northwest Territory Ordinance

of 1787 declared: "Religion, morality, and

knowledge, being necessary to good government and the

happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall

forever be encouraged.” And this morality was based on the

Ten Commandments taught in schools

for over 300 years.

Reason Five

The Northwest Territory Ordinance

of 1787 declared: "Religion, morality, and

knowledge, being necessary to good government and the

happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall

forever be encouraged.” And this morality was based on the

Ten Commandments taught in schools

for over 300 years.

New England Primer (c.1700-1850)New England Primer (c.1700-1850)

The Third Section was a “Shorter Catechism” which taught the Ten Commandments, Bible history, doctrine, and prayer.

Note: Some estimated 3 million copies were sold.

It was the most widely read school book in America for over a hundred years.

The Third Section was a “Shorter Catechism” which taught the Ten Commandments, Bible history, doctrine, and prayer.

Note: Some estimated 3 million copies were sold.

It was the most widely read school book in America for over a hundred years.

A Sample LessonA Sample LessonQ. 53. What is the third commandment?

A. The third commandment is, Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

Q. 54. What is required in the third commandment?

A . The third commandment requireth the holy and reverend use of God's names, titles, attributes, ordinances, word, and works.

Q. 55. What is forbidden in the third commandment?

A The third commandment forbiddeth all profaning or abusing of any thing whereby God maketh himself known.

Q. 53. What is the third commandment?

A. The third commandment is, Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

Q. 54. What is required in the third commandment?

A . The third commandment requireth the holy and reverend use of God's names, titles, attributes, ordinances, word, and works.

Q. 55. What is forbidden in the third commandment?

A The third commandment forbiddeth all profaning or abusing of any thing whereby God maketh himself known.

New England Primer: Ten Commandments in Poetic Form

New England Primer: Ten Commandments in Poetic Form 1. Thou shalt have no more gods but me.

2. Before no idol bend thy knee.3. Take not the name of God in vain.4. Dare not the Sabbath day profane,5. Give both thy parents honor due.6. Take heed that thou no murder do.7. Abstain from words and deeds unclean.8. Steal not, though thou be poor and mean.9. Make not a willful lie, nor love it.10. What is thy neighbor's dare not covet.

1. Thou shalt have no more gods but me.2. Before no idol bend thy knee.3. Take not the name of God in vain.4. Dare not the Sabbath day profane,5. Give both thy parents honor due.6. Take heed that thou no murder do.7. Abstain from words and deeds unclean.8. Steal not, though thou be poor and mean.9. Make not a willful lie, nor love it.10. What is thy neighbor's dare not covet.

Lesson 21 of McGuffey’s ReaderLesson 21 of McGuffey’s Reader “The morality taught by Jesus Christ was

purer, sounder, sublimer, and more perfect than had ever before entered into the imagination, or proceeded from the lips of man….”

And this morality was clearly and emphatically based on the Ten Commandments (cf. Mt. 5:17; 7:12; 22:37-39).

“The morality taught by Jesus Christ was purer, sounder, sublimer, and more perfect than had ever before entered into the imagination, or proceeded from the lips of man….”

And this morality was clearly and emphatically based on the Ten Commandments (cf. Mt. 5:17; 7:12; 22:37-39).

Reason Six

The Ten Commandments were used in American Schools for

over 300 years with good results. Even Supreme Court decisions referred to America

in the moral sense as a "Christian" nation (see Beason, 1890). And Christian morality

is derived from the moral principles expressed in the Ten

Commandments.

Reason Six

The Ten Commandments were used in American Schools for

over 300 years with good results. Even Supreme Court decisions referred to America

in the moral sense as a "Christian" nation (see Beason, 1890). And Christian morality

is derived from the moral principles expressed in the Ten

Commandments.

Purpose of the First Schools:

To Teach Children the Bible!which has the

Ten Commandments

Purpose of the First Schools:

To Teach Children the Bible!which has the

Ten Commandments

1647: Old Deluder Satan Law1647: Old Deluder Satan Law

1830’s-1930’s McGuffy’s Reader

“From no source has the

author drawn more copiously than from the Sacred Scriptures…. In a Christian country, that man is to be pitied, who, at this day, can honestly object to imbuing the minds of youth with the language and spirit of the Word of God” (1848, “Preface,” 5).

“From no source has the author drawn more copiously than from the Sacred Scriptures…. In a Christian country, that man is to be pitied, who, at this day, can honestly object to imbuing the minds of youth with the language and spirit of the Word of God” (1848, “Preface,” 5).

Reason Seven

Our Country has degenerated morally since the Supreme

Court forbid that the Bible be read (Abington, 1963) and the Ten Commandments be

displayed in public schools (in Stone, 1980).

There is a direct parallel between the decisions of the

Court and the decline of morals.

Reason Seven

Our Country has degenerated morally since the Supreme

Court forbid that the Bible be read (Abington, 1963) and the Ten Commandments be

displayed in public schools (in Stone, 1980).

There is a direct parallel between the decisions of the

Court and the decline of morals.

America’s Moral Decline 1961: Atheistic religions protected1961: Atheistic religions protected

1962: Class prayer banned from schools1962: Class prayer banned from schools1962: Class prayer banned from schools1962: Class prayer banned from schools

1963: Class devotional Bible readings banned1963: Class devotional Bible readings banned

1973: Laws protecting the unborn nullified1973: Laws protecting the unborn nullified

1980: Ten Commandments banned in schools1980: Ten Commandments banned in schools

1987: Teaching creation banned from schools1987: Teaching creation banned from schools

2003: Laws against sodomy rendered void2003: Laws against sodomy rendered void

2005: Ten Commandments banned in courts2005: Ten Commandments banned in courts

Teen Age Pregnancy up 200%Teen Age Pregnancy up 200%

Divorce up 200%Divorce up 200%

Teen Suicide up 300%Teen Suicide up 300%

Violent Crime up 500%Violent Crime up 500%

Abortion up 1,000%Abortion up 1,000%

Child Abuse rose to an all time highChild Abuse rose to an all time high

During this Same PeriodDuring this Same Period

Sodomy has become widely acceptableSodomy has become widely acceptable

Reason Eight The 1980 Supreme Court's rejection of the Ten Commandments was based on a bare liberal majority of only one; it was strongly opposed by Judge Rehnquist who said it was “flawed at the core” of it. The 2005 Supreme Court’s rejection of the Ten Commandments in Courtrooms was also based on a one vote majority and was equally flawed, as the Chief Justice and the rest of the minority Justices pointed out.

Reason Eight The 1980 Supreme Court's rejection of the Ten Commandments was based on a bare liberal majority of only one; it was strongly opposed by Judge Rehnquist who said it was “flawed at the core” of it. The 2005 Supreme Court’s rejection of the Ten Commandments in Courtrooms was also based on a one vote majority and was equally flawed, as the Chief Justice and the rest of the minority Justices pointed out.

Dissenting Justices Noted: Dissenting Justices Noted: 1. George Washington said “so help me God” in his presidential

oath, as have all presidents since him.

2. The first Congress had prayer, as have all since.

3. The first Supreme Court opened with prayer, as has every Federal Court ever since, praying, “God save the United States and this Honorable Court.”

4. There are paid chaplains in the US Congress.

5. Presidents from the beginning offered thanksgiving prayers to “Almighty God.”

6. President Washington opened his term with prayer and later noted that no “national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principle.”

1. George Washington said “so help me God” in his presidential oath, as have all presidents since him.

2. The first Congress had prayer, as have all since.

3. The first Supreme Court opened with prayer, as has every Federal Court ever since, praying, “God save the United States and this Honorable Court.”

4. There are paid chaplains in the US Congress.

5. Presidents from the beginning offered thanksgiving prayers to “Almighty God.”

6. President Washington opened his term with prayer and later noted that no “national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principle.”

• 7. President John Adams said that “Our Constitution was made only for a moral and religious people. It is wholly inadequate to the government of any other.”

• 8. President Jefferson said in his second inaugural: “I shall need, too, the favor of that Being in whose hands we are, who led our fathers, as Israel of Old, from their native land flowing with all the necessities and comforts of life.”

• 9. Our coinage bears “In God We Trust,” as also does our National Anthem.

• 10. Our Pledge of Allegiance has “under God” and was supported by a unanimous vote in the Senate! (2002). God is deeply imbedded in US law!

• 7. President John Adams said that “Our Constitution was made only for a moral and religious people. It is wholly inadequate to the government of any other.”

• 8. President Jefferson said in his second inaugural: “I shall need, too, the favor of that Being in whose hands we are, who led our fathers, as Israel of Old, from their native land flowing with all the necessities and comforts of life.”

• 9. Our coinage bears “In God We Trust,” as also does our National Anthem.

• 10. Our Pledge of Allegiance has “under God” and was supported by a unanimous vote in the Senate! (2002). God is deeply imbedded in US law!

The Fatal FlawIf it is unconstitutional to display moral principles in

schools because they are in accord with some religious

belief, then this would eliminate virtually all moral principles since they are all held by some religion. This would include laws against theft, rape, child molesting,

and even murder!

The Fatal FlawIf it is unconstitutional to display moral principles in

schools because they are in accord with some religious

belief, then this would eliminate virtually all moral principles since they are all held by some religion. This would include laws against theft, rape, child molesting,

and even murder!

Reason NineIt is wrong to suppose that

there is no good secular purpose [Stone, 1980] behind

the posting and reading of the Ten Commandments in

public school. For the moral principles of

the Ten Commandments are an important part of

preserving our morality as a nation which in turn is

necessary for good government, freedom, and

prosperity.

Reason NineIt is wrong to suppose that

there is no good secular purpose [Stone, 1980] behind

the posting and reading of the Ten Commandments in

public school. For the moral principles of

the Ten Commandments are an important part of

preserving our morality as a nation which in turn is

necessary for good government, freedom, and

prosperity.

Even the Supreme Court Ruled:Even the Supreme Court Ruled: “We are a religious people whose institutions

presuppose a Supreme Being” (Zorach, 1952).

Later Court decisions affirmed this ruling (see Abington, 1963; Marsh, 1983; Lynch, 1984).

As was noted from the beginning, "Religion, morality, and knowledge… [are] necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind...” (The Northwest Territory Ordinance of 1787).

“We are a religious people whose institutions presuppose a Supreme Being” (Zorach, 1952).

Later Court decisions affirmed this ruling (see Abington, 1963; Marsh, 1983; Lynch, 1984).

As was noted from the beginning, "Religion, morality, and knowledge… [are] necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind...” (The Northwest Territory Ordinance of 1787).

Reason Ten

In excluding the Ten Commandments from schools,

the government is inconsistent with its own

heritage and practice for two reasons.

Reason Ten

In excluding the Ten Commandments from schools,

the government is inconsistent with its own

heritage and practice for two reasons.

Reason TenReason Ten•It is inconsistent because: 1) On

the same day the Supreme Court said they cannot be displayed on government property inside a government building (McCreary, 2005) in Kentucky, they ruled that they can be displayed on government property outside a government building (Thomas Van Orden, 2005) in Texas.

•It is inconsistent because: 1) On the same day the Supreme Court said they cannot be displayed on government property inside a government building (McCreary, 2005) in Kentucky, they ruled that they can be displayed on government property outside a government building (Thomas Van Orden, 2005) in Texas.

Reason TenReason Ten

It is inconsistent because:

2) The Ten Commandments are prominently enshrined in the Supreme Court building in many places.

It is inconsistent because:

2) The Ten Commandments are prominently enshrined in the Supreme Court building in many places.

Top and Center: Outside the CourtTop and Center: Outside the Court

Moses Looking

East

Moses Looking

East

Doors to the Inner Chamber of the Supreme Court

Doors to the Inner Chamber of the Supreme Court

A Closer View of the DoorA Closer View of the Door

Over the Chief Justice’s HeadOver the Chief Justice’s Head

Power of Gov’t Resting on the Ten CommandmentsPower of Gov’t Resting on the Ten Commandments

Government Resting

on the Ten Commandments• “The panel directly above the bench where the Chief Justice and

eight associate justices are seated depicts `The Power of Government’ and `The Majesty of Law.’ Between these two allegorical figures, The Ten Commandments stand out in a position of prominence. The figure representing “The Power of Government” has his elbow squarely resting upon God’s Ten Commandments, showing from whence our power is derived” (Catherine Millard’s, The Rewriting of American History, 427-428).

Government Resting

on the Ten Commandments• “The panel directly above the bench where the Chief Justice and

eight associate justices are seated depicts `The Power of Government’ and `The Majesty of Law.’ Between these two allegorical figures, The Ten Commandments stand out in a position of prominence. The figure representing “The Power of Government” has his elbow squarely resting upon God’s Ten Commandments, showing from whence our power is derived” (Catherine Millard’s, The Rewriting of American History, 427-428).

Inside the Supreme CourtInside the Supreme Court

The Inconsistency:The Ten Commandments are prominent

in the America’s Highest Court

The Inconsistency:The Ten Commandments are prominent

in the America’s Highest Court

Yet they must now be absent in our Lower Courts!

Yet they must now be absent in our Lower Courts!

And Consider This

In the House of Representatives the face

staring at the president from the fresco on the back wall is

Moses who gave the Ten Commandments!

And over the head of the president of the House are

these words:

“In God We Trust.”

And Consider This

In the House of Representatives the face

staring at the president from the fresco on the back wall is

Moses who gave the Ten Commandments!

And over the head of the president of the House are

these words:

“In God We Trust.”

The House of Representatives

The House of Representatives

Ten Reasons to Display the Ten Commandments

Ten Reasons to Display the Ten Commandments

1. It is Constitutional to teach them in schools.

2. Founders believed that Gov’t is based on them.

3. To reject their display is to reject the display of Declaration of Independence as well.

4. The Supreme Court has upheld them.

5. The Northwest Ordinance encouraged them.

6. They were taught in schools for 300 years.

7. Morality has declined since banishing them.

8. The decision to banish them was baseless.

9. They have a legitimate secular purpose.

10. Excluding them from courts is inconsistent.

1. It is Constitutional to teach them in schools.

2. Founders believed that Gov’t is based on them.

3. To reject their display is to reject the display of Declaration of Independence as well.

4. The Supreme Court has upheld them.

5. The Northwest Ordinance encouraged them.

6. They were taught in schools for 300 years.

7. Morality has declined since banishing them.

8. The decision to banish them was baseless.

9. They have a legitimate secular purpose.

10. Excluding them from courts is inconsistent.

Sent to me by a JudgeJune, 2005

Sent to me by a JudgeJune, 2005

“There is a good reason for not allowing the Ten Commandments in Courtrooms. Courts are filled with

corrupt lawyers, politicians

and judges. And the Ten Commandments would create a

hostile work environment!”

“There is a good reason for not allowing the Ten Commandments in Courtrooms. Courts are filled with

corrupt lawyers, politicians

and judges. And the Ten Commandments would create a

hostile work environment!”

Answering Some ObjectionsAnswering Some Objections Objection One: It is unconstitutional to refer to God as the Ten Commandments

do.

Answer: If so, then so is--

The Declaration of Independence,

Presidential oaths and proclamations,

Our Coins,

Our Courts,

Our Congress,

Our Chaplains,

Our Monuments,

Our National Anthem and Pledge “under God.”

Objection One: It is unconstitutional to refer to God as the Ten Commandments do.

Answer: If so, then so is--

The Declaration of Independence,

Presidential oaths and proclamations,

Our Coins,

Our Courts,

Our Congress,

Our Chaplains,

Our Monuments,

Our National Anthem and Pledge “under God.”

Objection Two:Objection Two:

Morality can’t be Morality can’t be legislated.legislated.

Answer:Answer:

All laws legislate All laws legislate morality! The only morality! The only question is question is whosewhose will be legislated?will be legislated?

God’s or ours?God’s or ours?

Objection Two:Objection Two:

Morality can’t be Morality can’t be legislated.legislated.

Answer:Answer:

All laws legislate All laws legislate morality! The only morality! The only question is question is whosewhose will be legislated?will be legislated?

God’s or ours?God’s or ours?

Objection Three:No one can keep the Commandments

Objection Three:No one can keep the Commandments

Objection Two:No one can keep the Commandments

Objection Two:No one can keep the Commandments

True!True!

No One—Except Christ!No One—Except Christ!

“For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh: That the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit….

“For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believes” (Rom. 8:3-4;10:3-4).

“For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh: That the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit….

“For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believes” (Rom. 8:3-4;10:3-4).

Why God Gave the Ten Commandments

Why God Gave the Ten Commandments

• 1. To show us we are sinners:• “For by the Law is the knowledge of

sin” (Rom. 3:20).

• 2. To show us that we need the Savior:• “The Law was our schoolmaster to

bring us unto Christ…” (Gal. 3:24).

• 1. To show us we are sinners:• “For by the Law is the knowledge of

sin” (Rom. 3:20).

• 2. To show us that we need the Savior:• “The Law was our schoolmaster to

bring us unto Christ…” (Gal. 3:24).



How Are You Doing on God’s Laws?How Are You Doing on God’s Laws?

1--Have you ever put anything before God?2--Have you ever put anything in God’s place?3--Have you ever used God’s name in vain?4--Do you always put 1 day a week aside for God?5--Have you always honored your parents?6--Have you ever hated anyone?7--Have you ever lusted after anyone?8--Have you ever taken what wasn’t yours?9--Have you ever lied about anything?10--Have you ever desired what wasn’t yours?

1--Have you ever put anything before God?2--Have you ever put anything in God’s place?3--Have you ever used God’s name in vain?4--Do you always put 1 day a week aside for God?5--Have you always honored your parents?6--Have you ever hated anyone?7--Have you ever lusted after anyone?8--Have you ever taken what wasn’t yours?9--Have you ever lied about anything?10--Have you ever desired what wasn’t yours?

How Are You Doing on God’s Laws?How Are You Doing on God’s Laws?

Which being translated means...Which being translated means...

Then You Need to Come to Christ?Then You Need to Come to Christ?

He Alone Can Forgive YouHe Alone Can Forgive You

ManMan

GodGod

ManMan

GodGodGod-ManGod-Man

Why Did Jesus Need to Die?Why Did Jesus Need to Die?

Man Man

GodGod

“For there is one God and one Mediator between God and man, the Man Christ Jesus” (1Tim. 2:5).“For there is one God and one Mediator between God and man, the Man Christ Jesus” (1Tim. 2:5).

God-Man

the ten commandments: should they be displayed in public? copyright by norman l. geisler 2007

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