its role in

ICA-CMC

Lenk CH 2008

The Swiss Alpine Club and

national mapping

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 2

Martin Gurtner

1970-1971 ETH Zurich

1972-1973 New Zealand

1974-2007 swisstopo

1977-1996 Swiss Ski

1981-2004 Alpine Club

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 3

Man and (alpine) nature

• life

• pictures

• comprehension

• views

• playground

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 4

Year 0000

Infrastructure Science Alpinism Cartography

cart tracks agrimensores - itinerare

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 5

Year 1500

Infrastructure Science Alpinism Cartography

mule tracks telescope

Kopernikus

1336 Mont

Ventoux

mole-hills

CH 1496 Türst

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 6

Year 1800

Infrastructure Science Alpinism Cartography

first roads metric system 1786

Mt. Blanc

hachures

CH Meyer-Weiss

atlas

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 7

Year 1850

Infrastructure Science Alpinism Cartography

first hotels 1840 ice age

1858 Darwin

1857 Alpine

Club (GB)

contour lines

CH 1865

Matterhorn

Dufour map

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 8

Year 1900

Infrastructure Science Alpinism Cartography

long tunnels

mountain

railways

plate

tectonics

free climbing photogram-

metry

CH Siegfried map

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 9

Year 1950

Infrastructure Science Alpinism Cartography

pass roads Tellurometer Annapurna:

1st peak of

8000m

aerial

photography

CH National Map

series

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 10

Year 2000

Infrastructure Science Alpinism Cartography

last huts GPS/Glonass seven

summits

digital models

CH TLM

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 11

Seven summits

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 12

The people at the beginning (1):

Albrecht von Haller

„Die Alpen“ 1729

Dann hier, wo Gotthards Haupt die Wolken übersteiget

Und der erhabnern Welt die Sonne näher scheint,

Hat, was die Erde sonst an Seltenheit gezeuget,

Die spielende Natur in wenig Lands vereint.

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 13

People (2)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau:

„Back to nature“

Bildungsroman Émile (1759–61,

erschienen 1762): „Kinder und

Jugendliche sollen sich selbst und der

Natur überlassen und von

zivilisatorischen Einflüssen

ferngehalten werden.“

Zitat: „Vor allem wegen der Seele ist es nötig, den

Körper zu üben, und gerade das ist es, was unsere

Klugschwätzer nicht einsehen wollen.“

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 14

People (3)

Placidus a Spescha 1752-1833

• „the first real alpinist“ in

Switzerland

• climbed many peaks around

Disentis for the first time

„Anleitung“: Bei Bergreisen setzt man sich immer

der Gefahr aus sich zu verirren oder beschädigt zu

sein; demnach ist es rathsam, mit Beyhilfen

versehen zu sein.

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 15

Science: Glaciology

1815 idea of glacier movements brought up

by a farmer of Val de Bagnes to a

geologist

1822 theory discussed within the Academy of

Natural Sciences

1836 publication by Agassiz

1840 „Hôtel des Neuchâtelois“ on the

Lauteraar Glacier

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 16

Accomodation (1): Hôtel des Neuchâtelois

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 17

Acc. (2): Farmers mountain hut

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 18

Accomodation (3):

The hotels

1852 first hotel at

Zermatt

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 19

Acc. (4)

Zermatt today

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 20

Acc. (5): The Alpine Club‘s huts

1863

2009

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 21

Transport (1): Post coaches

1880

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 22

Transport (2): Funiculars and rack railways

1879

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 23

Transport (3): Postbuses

1906

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 24

Transport (4): aerial cableways

1908

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 25

Transport (5): Skilifts

1931

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 26

National Mapping

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 27

Meyer-Weiss-Atlas ca. 1:108´000 1796

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 28

G.H. Dufour 1787-1875

1832 commander-in-chief

1838 Bureau topograph.

fédéral

1845-1864 Topogr. Map

1:100‘000

1847 general civil war

1863 co-founder of the

red cross

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 29

1st order triangulation

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 30

GPS-based LV95

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 31

Triangulation measurements

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 32

Interested

visitors…

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 33

Plane table

surveys

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 34

Topographic Map 1:100‘000 1845-1864

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 35

Swiss Alpine Club

• founded 1863

• 111 sections

• 153 huts and bivouacs

• 110‘000 members

• publications:

„Die Alpen“

100 guidebooks

1907- 1980 women are excluded!

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 36

Alpine Club foundation members

Prof. Dr. T. Simler, geologist

G.S. Studer, notary

C.A. Neuburger, pharmacist

A. Garonne, vicar

….

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 37

Topographic Map 1:100‘000 1862

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 38

National map series 1:100‘000

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 39

Dufour-

spitze

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 40

Alpine Club maps

1863 Tödigebiet

1865 Triftgebiet

1866 Silvretta

Lukmanier und Greina

1867 Südwallis

…

1903 total of 35 maps

+ …

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 41

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 42

Rudolf Leuzinger 1826-1896

1844 appreticeship with Ziegler, Winterthur

1868-1881 cartographer at the Federal Topographic Bureau

later private cartographer for the government and the SAC

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 43

Topographic Atlas 1:25‘000 (+ 1:50‘000 Alps)

1st editions

1870-1916

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 44

Xaver Imfeld 1853 - 1909

1876 - 1890 surveyor at the Federal Topographic Bureau

later private cartographer, panoramas and 3D-models

1901 honorary member of the SAC

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 45

Siegfried Atlas Nr. 488 Blümlisalp

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 46

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 47

Eduard Imhof (1895-1986)

1925 professor ETHZ (-1965!)

1927 „7-year battle“ for maps

1932 together with the SAC:

plea for „larger scales!“

„father“ of the Swiss

National Map series

1958 honorary member of the

SAC

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 48

The Swiss National Map

series

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 49

Atlas of Switzerland 1961 - 1978

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 50

1979

All the sheets

1:25´000 are

published

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 51

Alpine Club guidebooks

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 52

Skitouring

guidebooks

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 53

Wildstrubel from Lenk

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 54

Other publications

• map reading manual

• CD-ROMs with climbs in the Bernese Oberland and in the Valais

both in co-operation with swisstopo

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 55

Skitouring maps

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 56

Protected sites

• animal and plant reserves

• federal law on hunting banned sites:

access on marked tracks only

(existing ski maps = inventory)

• regulations of cantons and communities:

- access totally forbidden

- access on marked tracks only

• convened sites (no legal protection)

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 57

263 S Wildstrubel Gstaad-Lenk-Kandersteg

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 58

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 59

SwissMap25

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 60

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 61

Future Swiss Map 1:25‘000

ICA-CMC

Lenk 2 2008

Folie 62

SAC and swisstopo wish you a safe trip!