the surprising impact stuff on the tower has on meteorological data
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The Surprising Impact Stuff on the Tower has on Meteorological Data. NUMUG Meeting Chicago June 2011 Jim Holian, SAIC. NUMUG SAIC. Tower, Conduit, and Equipment Impacts on Wind Speed and Direction. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Surprising Impact Stuff on the Tower has on
Meteorological Data
NUMUG MeetingChicagoJune 2011
Jim Holian, SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
Tower, Conduit, and Equipment Impacts on
Wind Speed and Direction
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NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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Wind-Speed Averages (Unobstructed)
Impact Hours A Avg. B Avg. Diff.
100-M
WS7433 13.9 12.8 1.4
60-M
WS7637 11.8 10.3 1.5
10-M
WS7754 7.8 7.0 0.9
NUMUG SAIC
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• Wind Directions from 195-245 degrees blow through tower
• Window is 25 degrees for vane and cup sensors and 30 degrees for sonic sensor
NUMUG SAIC
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Tower Interference
MO DY TM A100 B100 A60 B60 A10 B10 WD
4 30 12 13.0 13.4 12.9 13.0 10.7 10.6 192
4 30 13 12.3 14.6 13.0 14.9 11.9 12.4 209
4 30 14 16.6 10.8 16.4 11.8 14.5 9.7 224
4 30 15 22.3 11.9 20.5 13.3 17.9 9.8 238
4 30 16 19.4 9.5 17.9 10.8 15.3 7.8 234
4 30 17 25.8 22.4 23.1 21.1 20.2 17.1 261
4 30 18 16.5 13.2 14.2 11.6 12.1 8.8 252
4 30 19 14.7 9.3 12.4 8.4 9.7 6.1 235
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Tower Interference - A Data Bad
MO DY TM A100 B100 A60 B60 A10 B10 WD
4 30 12 13.0 13.4 12.9 13.0 10.7 10.6 192
4 30 13 12.3 14.6 13.0 14.9 11.9 12.4 209
4 30 14 16.6 10.8 16.4 11.8 14.5 9.7 224
4 30 15 22.3 11.9 20.5 13.3 17.9 9.8 238
4 30 16 19.4 9.5 17.9 10.8 15.3 7.8 234
4 30 17 25.8 22.4 23.1 21.1 20.2 17.1 261
4 30 18 16.5 13.2 14.2 11.6 12.1 8.8 252
4 30 19 14.7 9.3 12.4 8.4 9.7 6.1 235
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Tower Interference – B Data Bad
MO DY TM A100 B100 A60 B60 A10 B10 WD
4 30 12 13.0 13.4 12.9 13.0 10.7 10.6 192
4 30 13 12.3 14.6 13.0 14.9 11.9 12.4 209
4 30 14 16.6 10.8 16.4 11.8 14.5 9.7 224
4 30 15 22.3 11.9 20.5 13.3 17.9 9.8 238
4 30 16 19.4 9.5 17.9 10.8 15.3 7.8 234
4 30 17 25.8 22.4 23.1 21.1 20.2 17.1 261
4 30 18 16.5 13.2 14.2 11.6 12.1 8.8 252
4 30 19 14.7 9.3 12.4 8.4 9.7 6.1 235
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10-m Wind-Speed AveragesTower Impact
Impact Hours A Avg. B Avg. Diff.
10-M
WS-A
394 7.7 8.1 -0.4
10-M
WS-B
225 7.1 4.3 2.8
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60-m Wind-Speed AveragesTower Impact
Impact Hours A Avg. B Avg. Diff.
60-M
WS-A
364 9.8 10.3 -0.5
60-M
WS-B
285 10.5 6.6 3.9
NUMUG SAIC
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100-m Wind-Speed AveragesTower Impact
Impact Hours A Avg. B Avg. Diff.
100-M
WS-A
409 10.0 12.7 -2.7
100-M
WS-B
266 13.4 7.3 6.1
NUMUG SAIC
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Wind-Direction Averages (Unobstructed)
Impact Hours A Avg. B Avg. Diff.
100-M
WD
7375 184 182 2.6
60-M
WD
3970 184 180 3.6
10-M
WD
6148 195 189 6.7
NUMUG SAIC
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10-m Wind-Direction AveragesTower Impact
Impact Hours A Avg. B Avg. Diff.
10-M
WD-A
402 203 197 6
10-M
WD-B
80 243 236 7
NUMUG SAIC
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100-m Wind-Direction AveragesTower Impact
Impact Hours A Avg. B Avg. Diff.
100-M
WD-A
451 203 199 4
100-M
WD-B
145 240 235 5
NUMUG SAIC
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Electric Boxes atSensor height
NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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Pole Interference with Wind Speed
NUMUG SAIC
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Pole
NUMUG SAIC
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Antenna and Associated Conduit Interference with
Wind Speed
NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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Year Total Hours
Freq. (%)
A System (mph)
B System (mph)
Diff. (mph)
2009 1645 19.8 16.4 16.5 0.1
2007 1789 21.9 15.8 15.9 0.1
Average Wind Speed from Totally Unobstructed Directions (180°-230°)
NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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Year Total Hours
Freq. (%)
A System (mph)
B System (mph)
Diff. (mph)
2009 175 2.1 10.6 12.8 2.2
2007 103 1.3 11.9 13.0 1.1
Average Wind Speed Blowing Through Conduit to System A Sensor (355°-010°) with System B Sensor
Unobstructed
NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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Year Total Hours
Freq. (%)
A System (mph)
B System (mph)
Diff. (mph)
2009 145 1.8 12.3 13.7 1.4
2007 117 1.4 13.1 13.4 0.3
Average Wind Speed Blowing Through West Antenna to System A Sensor (345°-355°) with
System B Sensor Unobstructed
NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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Year Total Hours
Freq.
(%)
A System (mph)
B System (mph)
Diff. (mph)
2009 293 3.5 10.4 11.1 0.7
2007 199 2.4 11.3 12.7 1.4
Average Wind Speed Blowing Through West Antenna and Conduit to System B Sensor (010°-
025°) with System A Sensor Obstructed by Tower
NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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Year Total Hours
Freq. (%)
A System (mph)
B System (mph)
Diff. (mph)
2009 666 8.0 11.5 9.9 -1.6
2007 495 6.1 13.4 11.5 -1.9
Average Wind Speed Blowing Through South Antenna to System A Sensor (040°-060°) with
System B Sensor Obstructed by Tower
NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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Year Total Hours
Freq. (%)
A System (mph)
B System (mph)
Diff. (mph)
2009 920 11.1 14.1 13.5 -0.6
2007 654 8.0 13.9 13.7 -0.2
Average Wind Speed Blowing Through South Antenna to System B Sensor (065°-085°) with
System A Sensor Unobstructed
NUMUG SAIC
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Tower Interference with No Additional Equipment and
Limited Conduit
Dedicated Met Tower Concept
NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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NUMUG SAIC
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Wind-Speed Averages – A System in Tower Wake
Impact Hours A Avg. B Avg. Diff.
10-M
WS162 4.6 4.5 0.1
60-M
WS97 4.1 4.7 -0.6
100-M
WS45 5.2 6.5 -1.3
NUMUG SAIC
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Wind-Speed Averages – B System in Tower Wake
Impact Hours A Avg. B Avg. Diff.
10-M
WS106 6.8 6.9 0.1
60-M
WS292 6.4 6.1 -0.3
100-M
WS189 7.2 7.1 -0.1
NUMUG SAIC
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What Caused 100-Meter Impact of 1.3 MPH?
• Close Review of data indicated almost 3 mph difference with wind directions from 339-347 degrees..
• This accounted for nearly all of the difference at the 100-meter level.
• Large Beacon Light is on north tower leg at top of tower.
NUMUG SAIC
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Conclusions
• Tower wake, equipment, and conduit have no measurable impact on wind direction.
• Greatest impact is on wind speed. Differences up to 10 mph seen at wind speeds above 20 mph.
• Obstructions such as antennas, beacons, and associated conduit have measurable impacts.
NUMUG SAIC
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Conclusions (cont’d)
• Dedicated meteorological towers have significantly less equipment and conduit and therefore have less interference.
• Having dual systems on separate faces of the tower appears to minimize wake effects due to spreading out of conduit, bracing, etc
• The data suggests that the sonic sensors may be influenced less by tower wake – not convinced.
NUMUG SAIC