the struggle for civil rights. a brief history of civil rights to the 1950s 1863: lincoln issued...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Struggle for Civil Rights
![Page 2: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s
• 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South.
• 1865: 13th Amendment ended slavery throughout the U.S.
• 1866: 14th Amendment granted citizenship rights to “all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.”
• 1870: 15th Amendment stated people could NOT be denied the right to vote based on race.
![Page 3: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Despite this constitutional progress, the Southern states responded with:
• poll taxes
• Literacy tests
• grandfather clauses
• Jim Crow laws segregation in the South
• In 1896, the Supreme Court legalized “separate but equal” in Plessy v. Ferguson.
![Page 4: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Although there were attempts at reform during the Progressive Era (the NAACP was formed in 1909), the South clung tightly to strictly defined classes and rules based on race until well into the 1950s.
![Page 5: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
WWII: A Turning Point• Many African Americans served with honor during
WWII—the Marines enlisted African Americans for the first time and the Navy commissioned first African American officers during the war.
• Despite their efforts, African Americans served in segregated units.
• Having fought a war against oppression and in favor of human rights, Truman issued Executive Order 9981 in 1948—which ended segregation in the U.S. armed forces.
This would prove to be the beginning of a concerted effort by African Americans to finalize realize the equality that had been promised to them nearly 100 years before . . .
![Page 6: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Beginning of Change: Brown vs. Board of Education
• In 1954, the Supreme Court, hearing
a claim from parents in Topeka
Kansas, declared that “segregated
educational facilities are
inherently unequal.”
Despite this ruling, the
South would cling
tightly to their
segregated class structure.
![Page 7: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
1950s Racism and the Social
Structure in the South: The
Story of Emmett Till
![Page 8: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas—1954
Significance:• 1st step in southern
desegregation
• sent message that federal government supported African American rights
• met w/ GREAT resistance in the South
![Page 9: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Montgomery Bus Boycott—1955
Significance:• proved
effectiveness of non-violence
• pushed MLK to forefront
• desegregated Montgomery buses
![Page 10: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Southern Christian Leadership Conference—1957
Significance:• Most active civil rights group
• promoted non-violent approach
![Page 11: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Little Rock Nine—1957
Significance:
• proved that federal government was behind desegregation
![Page 12: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sit-In Movement—1960
Significance:• national news
coveragewidespread/white support
• policies changed store by store
![Page 13: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Freedom Riders Mobilized—1961
Significance:
• Federal Interstate Commerce Commission issued rules to integrate all bus and train stations.
![Page 14: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Birmingham Campaign—1963 Significance:• proved importance of media
coverage/success of non-violence
• Birmingham began desegregation
![Page 15: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Activity: Primary Source Analysis
“Other America”
“Letter from a Birmingham Jail”
![Page 16: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
JFK’s Address on Civil Rights
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BEhKgoA86U
![Page 17: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
March On Washington
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbUtL_0vAJk
Significance:• brought more national attention to Civil Rights cause
• led to Civil Rights Act 1964
![Page 18: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Civil Rights Act 1964
• Banned discrimination in employment and ALL public accommodations—gave federal government power to enforce desegregation EVERYWHERE
![Page 19: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Voting Rights Act 1965
What was it?• Literacy tests, poll
taxes, etc. were outlawed
• gave federal government power to oversee local and national elections for fairness
Significance:• within 3 weeks, 27,000
African Americans had registered to vote in Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana
![Page 20: The Struggle for Civil Rights. A Brief History of Civil Rights to the 1950s 1863: Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, ending slavery in the South](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649da85503460f94a9516c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Conclusions• 1955—1965: Federal government took increasingly
strong steps to ensure federal laws regarding CR were upheld
• Early movement ended de jure segregation (legal), BUT de facto segregation (in practice) continued.
--Neighborhoods, bank loans, employment
• By 1965, many African Americans were losing patience with the slow pace of real progress in their daily lives . . .