The Structure and Function of the Muscular System

Learning Objectives and Outcomes

• To be able to locate major muscle groups, the role of muscles in movement and give sporting examples through remembering

• 5 Grade– I can correctly name and identify the location of all major muscle groups in the body

• 6-7 Grade– All of the above and I can explain the role of muscles in movement

• 8-9 Grade- As above and I can give sporting examples

The Specification and your SoL says you need to know……

The location of the following groups of muscles:

• - deltoid • - trapezius • - latissimus dorsi• - pectorals • - biceps • - triceps • - abdominals • - quadriceps • - hamstrings • - gluteals• - gastrocnemius.

Deltoid:

Function:• Used in all movements of

the arms. • Most important function is

to lift the arm straight outwards and upwards (abduction at shoulder joint).

Can you think of a sporting example?

Practical Example:

• In Volleyball to make a block with arms straight above the head

Trapezius:

Function:• Causes extension at the

neck.

Can you think of a sporting example?

Practical Example:

In a rugby scrum the trapezius is the muscle used to bind into the opponents.

Latissimus Dorsi:

Function:• Causes adduction at the

shoulder joint. • Swings the arm

backwards and rotate it inwards.

Can you think of a sporting example?

Practical Example:

A tennis player swinging their arm back to serve is using their Latissimusdorsi.

Pectorals

There are 2 sets of chest muscles: pectoralis major and pectoralis minor. Function:• Helps to adduct the arm

and rotate it inwards.• Helps lower the shoulder

blades.Can you think of a sporting example?

Practical Example:

A rugby player making a tackle would use these muscles to hold onto their opponent.

Biceps:

Function:• Causes flexion at the

elbow. • Swings the upper arm

forward and turns the forarm so that the palm of the hand faces upwards.

Can you think of a sporting example?

Practical Example:

An example of this would be a bicep curl in weight training.

Triceps:

Function:• Causes extension at the

elbow. • It straightens the elbow

and swings the arm backwards.

Can you think of a sporting example?

Practical Example:

An example of this would be a backhand in table tennis .

Abdominals:

Function:• Bends the body forwards

at the hips causing flexion of the vertebral column and helps to turn the upper body.

Can you think of a sporting example?

Practical Example:

An example of this would be a performing a sit up.

Quadriceps:

Function:• Extends or straightens

the knee joint.

Can you think of a sporting example?

Practical Example:

An example of this would be a long jumper taking off the board.

Hamstrings:

Function:• Straightens the hip • Causes flexion at the

knee joint. • Bends the knee and

rotates it outwards.

Can you think of a sporting example?

Practical Example:

An example of this would be a hockey player bending their knees.

Gluteals:

Function:• Causes extension at the

hip joint and adducts the hip.

• Rotates the thigh outwards Helps to straighten the knee.

Can you think of a sporting example?

Practical Example:

An example of this would be a sprinter sprinting down the track.

Gastrocnemius:

Function:• Used to bend the knee

and to straighten or plantarflex the ankle.

Can you think of a sporting example?

Practical Example:

An example of this would be a swimmer doing front crawl and pointing their toes.

The Roles of Muscles in Movement:

• There are a vast range of movements that can be made by the human body

• To produce movements, muscles either shorten, lengthen or remain the same length when they contact.

• Muscles work in pairs: as one muscles contracts, the other relaxes allowing the body to move with stability and control

• Can you identify what we call muscles that work together?

The roles of Muscles in Movement• Key Word Alert!• Antagonistic Pairs= Muscles that work in pairs, as one muscle contracts,

the other relaxes.• Using this definition and the images below, what are the antagonistic pairs

in our body's?• Antagonistic pairs:

Hamstrings and Quadriceps

Biceps and Triceps

Learning Objectives and Outcomes

• To be able to locate major muscle groups, the role of muscles in movement and give sporting examples through remembering

• 5 Grade– I can correctly name and identify the location of all major muscle groups in the body

• 6-7 Grade– All of the above and I can explain the role of muscles in movement

• 8-9 Grade- As above and I can give sporting examples

Hamstrings and Quadriceps

• Flexion at the Knee=The Hamstrings contract and the quadriceps relax

• Extension at the Knee= The quadriceps contract and the hamstrings relax

The Roles of Muscles in Movement

Hamstring=Agonist Quadriceps=Antagonist

Hamstring=AntagonistQuadriceps=Agonist

Looking at each picture, can you identify the agonist and antagonist?

Biceps and Triceps

• Flexion at the Elbow= The biceps contract and the triceps relax

• Extension at the Elbow= The triceps contract and the biceps relax

The Roles of Muscles in Movement

Triceps=Agonist Biceps=Antagonist

Triceps=AntagonistBiceps=Agonist

Looking at each picture, can you identify the agonist and antagonist?

• When these muscles move, one relaxes and one contracts (agonist/prime mover) to provide movement at the joint

• Key Words:Antagonist= The muscle that relaxesAgonist/Prime Mover= The muscle the contracts

Fixator= The muscle that works with others to stabilise the origin of the prime mover

Origin=End of the muscle attached to a bone that is stable

Extension Task-Can you think of the fixator for the origin of the biceps?

Fixator=DeltoidOrigin=Sacpula and humerus

Learning Objectives and Outcomes

• To be able to locate major muscle groups, the role of muscles in movement and give sporting examples through remembering

• 5 Grade– I can correctly name and identify the location of all major muscle groups in the body

• 6-7 Grade– All of the above and I can explain the role of muscles in movement

• 8-9 Grade- As above and I can give sporting examples