THE STORY OF CRICKET

By R.Nikhitha and Manshi Raj

HISTORY OF CRICKET

• The game of cricket has a known history spanning from the 16th century to the present day, with international matches played since 1844, although the official history of international Test cricket began in 1877. During this time, the game developed from its origins in England into a game which is now played professionally in most

of the Commonwealth of Nations.

THE HISTORY OF CRICKET BAT

LAWS OF CRICKET

• The laws of cricket are a set of rules established by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) which describe the laws of cricket worldwide, to ensure uniformity and fairness. There are currently 42 laws, which outline all aspects of how the game is played from how a team wins a game, how a batsman is dismissed, through to specifications on how the pitch is to be prepared and maintained. The MCC is a private club based in London in England and is no longer the game's official governing body; however the MCC retains the copyright in the laws of the game and only the MCC may change the laws, although nowadays this would usually only be done after discussions with the game's global governing body the International Cricket Council (ICC).

• Cricket is one of the few sports for which the governing principles are referred to as 'Laws' rather than as 'Rules' or 'Regulations'. However regulations to supplement and/or vary the laws may be agreed for particular competitions.

RULES OF CRICKET

• The umpire's decision during a game is final in all matters that means no arguing with the umpire, even though you may be sure of his misjudgment. However this is rare these days due to the presence of the third umpire.

• The rules of cricket define dismissals and if you know you're out within that definition, you are morally obliged to aid the umpire and walk, even though the umpire may have missed the judgment.

• Bowlers are not allowed to tamper with the ball in any way. They can polish the ball by rubbing it with cloth, drying or removing mud from the ball and applying saliva or sweat to it. Any other substance is illegal, as is rubbing the ball on the ground and tampering with the seams..

• Members of the fielding team cannot distract the batsmen while he is batting. If in case they do that, the umpire can call a dead ball and award five penalty runs to the batting side's total.

• Bowler should not keep bowling short or high pitched balls which could cause injury to the batsmen. In such cases, the umpire can call a no ball and warn the bowler.

• Players in any innings should not waste time in any way. If they do that the umpire first warns the Captain of the offending team and if it continues then five runs are awarded for the other team.

• The new batsman making their way to the wicket is to be applauded.• All players are responsible to avoid unnecessary damage to the pitch

during play. If a fielder damages the pitch then a caution will be issued to the fielding captain. Any repeat action from any fielder during the innings and the umpire will add five runs to the batting side's total. A batsman who damages the pitch will be cautioned by the umpire. If they do it a second time in the same innings, they'll get a final warning and any runs scored from that delivery, other than no balls or wides, will be disallowed.

• Any attempt made to steal a run will see five penalty runs awarded to the fielding side.

WORLD CUP

• The ICC Cricket World Cup is the premier international championship of men's One Day International (ODI) cricket. The event is organized by the sport's governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC), with preliminary qualification rounds leading up to a finals tournament which is held every four years. The tournament is the world's fourth-largest and fourth-most-viewed sporting event. According to the ICC, it is the most important tournament and the pinnacle of achievement in the sport. The first Cricket World Cup contest was organized in England in 1975. A separate Women's Cricket World Cup has been held every four years since 1973.

WORLD CUP WINNERS

West Indies have won world cup in 1975 and 1979

India have won world cup in 1983 and2011

Australia have won world cup in1987,1999,2003 and in 2007

Pakistan have won world cup in 1992

Sri lanka have won world cup in1996

FAMOUS CRICKETERS

Virender Sehwag AB de Villiers Kapil Dev Mahendra Singh Dhoni

Sachin Tendulkar Ricky ponting Andrew Symonds

Brain Lara

Adam Gilchrist Sourabh Ganguly Srikanth

Brett Lee

FAMOUS BOWLERS

Virat KholiIndia

Jacques Harris KallisSouth Africa

Yuvraj SinghIndia

Shoaib AkhtarPakistan

Shahid AfridiPakistan

Chris GayleWest Indies

Ravichandran AshwinIndia

Shane WarneAustralia

Muttaih MurlitharanSri lanka

Irfan PathanIndia

FAMOUS CRICKET GROUNDS IN INDIA

FEROZ SHAH KOTLA CRICKET GROUND

DELHI

MA CHIDAMBARAM CRICKET GROUND

CHENNAI

CHINNASWAMY CRICKET GROUND

BANGALORE

EDEN GARDENS CRICKET GROUND

KOLKATA

WANKHEDE CRICKET GROUNDMUMBAI

wank

FAMOUS CRICKET GROUNDS OF

WORLD

LORD’S CRICKET GROUNDENGLAND

SYDNEY CRICKET GROUNDAUSTRALIA

WANDERERS CRICKET GROUND

JONNASEBURG

MELBOURNE CRICKET GROUND

AUSTRALIA

WESTERN AUSTRALIA CRICKET GROUND

PERTH

FAMOUS STADIUMS OF

WORLD

Bat and ball

• The essence of the sport is that a bowler delivers the ball from his end of the pitch towards the batsman who, armed with a bat is "on strike" at the other end.

• The bat is made of wood (usually White Willow) and has the shape of a blade topped by a cylindrical handle. The blade must not be more than 4.25 inches (108 mm) wide and the total length of the bat not more than 38 inches (970 mm).

• The ball is a hard leather-seamed spheroid with a circumference of 9 inches (230 mm). The hardness of the ball, which can be delivered at speeds of more than 90 miles per hour (140 km/h), is a matter for concern and batsmen wear protective clothing including pads (designed to protect the knees and shins), batting gloves for the hands, a helmet for the head and a box inside the trousers (to protect the crotch area). Some batsmen wear additional padding inside their shirts and trousers such as thigh pads, arm pads, rib protectors and shoulder pads.

A Typical Cricket Field

• At either end of the pitch, 22 yards (20 m) apart, are placed the wickets. These serve as a target for the bowling (aka fielding) side and are defended by the batting side which seeks to accumulate runs. The pitch is 22 yards (20 m) or one chain[24] in length between the wickets and is 10 feet (3.0 m) wide. It is a flat surface and has very short grass that tends to be worn away as the game progresses. The "condition" of the pitch has a significant bearing on the match and team tactics are always determined with the state of the pitch, both current and anticipated, as a deciding factor.

• Each wicket consists of three wooden stumps placed in a straight line and surmounted by two wooden crosspieces called bails; the total height of the wicket including bails is 28.5 inches (720 mm) and the combined width of the three stumps is 9 inches (230 mm).

PITCH , WICKETS AND CREASES

PITCH

WICKET

crease• Four lines, known as creases, are painted onto the pitch around the

wicket areas to define the batsman's "safe territory" and to determine the limit of the bowler's approach. These are called the "popping" (or batting) crease, the bowling crease and two "return" creases.

• A wicket consists of three stumps that are hammered into the ground, and topped with two bails.

• The stumps are placed in line on the bowling creases and so these must be 22 yards (20 m) apart. A bowling crease is 8 feet 8 inches (2.64 m) long with the middle stump placed dead centre. The popping crease has the same length, is parallel to the bowling crease and is 4 feet (1.2 m) in front of the wicket. The return creases are perpendicular to the other two; they are adjoined to the ends of the popping crease and are drawn through the ends of the bowling crease to a length of at least 8 feet (2.4 m).

• When bowling the ball, the bowler's back foot in his "delivery stride" must land within the two return creases while his front foot must land on or behind the popping crease. If the bowler breaks this rule, the umpire calls "No ball".

• The importance of the popping crease to the batsman is that it marks the limit of his safe territory for he can be stumped or run out (see Dismissals below) if the wicket is broken while he is "out of his ground".

THE END