The Story of Apartheid The Story of Apartheid

By Mzoli MncancaBy Mzoli Mncanca

AfricaAfrica ” ” I am an African. I owe I am an African. I owe

my being to the hills my being to the hills and the valleys, the and the valleys, the mountains and the mountains and the glades, the rivers, the glades, the rivers, the deserts, the trees, the deserts, the trees, the flowers, the seas and flowers, the seas and the ever-changing the ever-changing seasons that define the seasons that define the face of our native face of our native land” Thabo Mbekiland” Thabo Mbeki

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The map of South The map of South AfricaAfrica

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In the Beginning SA In the Beginning SA was…..was…..

Colonized by English and Dutch in 17Colonized by English and Dutch in 17thth century century English domination of Dutch (Afrikaners) led to English domination of Dutch (Afrikaners) led to

Dutch creating new coloniesDutch creating new colonies 1900-Diamonds discovery led to English 1900-Diamonds discovery led to English

invasion and war between English and Dutch invasion and war between English and Dutch (Anglo-Boer War)(Anglo-Boer War)

After gaining independence from England, After gaining independence from England, Afrikaner National Party gained majority in Afrikaner National Party gained majority in 1940s1940s

1948-National Party implemented 1948-National Party implemented apartheidapartheid to to establish white domination and separation of establish white domination and separation of racesraces

1960s- “Grand Apartheid” established- 1960s- “Grand Apartheid” established- “territorial separation and police repression”“territorial separation and police repression”By Mzoli MncancaBy Mzoli Mncanca

What is Apartheid?What is Apartheid?

Afrikaans word for Separation of racesAfrikaans word for Separation of racesi.e. Black, White, Coloured,and Indiani.e. Black, White, Coloured,and Indian Practical separation of residential areasPractical separation of residential areas Separation of public institutions e.g. Separation of public institutions e.g.

schools and hospitals.schools and hospitals. Separation of jobs, ”jobs for whites Separation of jobs, ”jobs for whites

only”only” Separate use of facilities like toilets, Separate use of facilities like toilets,

chairs, bus stops, stair-cases etc.chairs, bus stops, stair-cases etc.

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Going Deeper Into Going Deeper Into Apartheid…Apartheid…

1948-Racism 1948-Racism institutionalizedinstitutionalized

-Marriage between -Marriage between blacks and whites blacks and whites prohibitedprohibited

-”white-only” jobs -”white-only” jobs authorizedauthorized

1950-Population 1950-Population Registration ActRegistration Act-Divided South Africans -Divided South Africans into white, black into white, black (Africans), and colored (Africans), and colored (mixed descent)(mixed descent)

-Based on appearance, -Based on appearance, social acceptance, and social acceptance, and descentdescent

-Blacks-forced to carry -Blacks-forced to carry “pass books” holding “pass books” holding fingerprints, photograph, fingerprints, photograph, and information on and information on access to non-black areasaccess to non-black areas

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HomelandHomelandss

Land Act of 1953: deprived blacks of the right to Land Act of 1953: deprived blacks of the right to own land and moved them onto “homelands”own land and moved them onto “homelands”

By Mzoli MncancaBy Mzoli Mncanca

1951 Bantu Authorities 1951 Bantu Authorities ActAct Created basis for Created basis for

ethnic government ethnic government in African reserves in African reserves or “homelands”or “homelands”

Blacks had no rights Blacks had no rights in South Africa. in South Africa. Their rights were Their rights were restricted to the so restricted to the so called “homelands”.called “homelands”.

The White The White Government had Government had complete control complete control over the homelands.over the homelands.

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1953- Public Safety Act and1953- Public Safety Act and Criminal Law Amendment Criminal Law Amendment

ActAct Gave government power to Gave government power to declare states of declare states of emergency, increase emergency, increase punishments for punishments for protesting against or protesting against or supporting repeal of a law: supporting repeal of a law: fines, imprisonment, whippingsfines, imprisonment, whippings

1960-Government declared 1960-Government declared state of emergency when state of emergency when large group of blacks in large group of blacks in Sharpeville refused to Sharpeville refused to carry their passes (native carry their passes (native ID)ID)

Emergency lasted for 156 Emergency lasted for 156 days, 69 people dead and days, 69 people dead and 187 people wounded187 people wounded

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Various laws applied in the Various laws applied in the use of public facilities, like use of public facilities, like chairs, toilets, bus stops, chairs, toilets, bus stops,

stair-cases stair-cases etc.etc.

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At times it could be worseAt times it could be worse

EducationEducation Bantu Education Act (1953) gave the Bantu Education Act (1953) gave the

central government control over African central government control over African educationeducation

"Native education should be controlled . . . in "Native education should be controlled . . . in accord with the policy of the state . . . If the accord with the policy of the state . . . If the native in South Africa today in any kind of native in South Africa today in any kind of school in existence is being taught to expect school in existence is being taught to expect that he will live his adult life under a policy of that he will live his adult life under a policy of equal rights, he is making a big mistake . . . equal rights, he is making a big mistake . . . There is no place for him in the European There is no place for him in the European community above the level of certain forms of community above the level of certain forms of labor." -Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime Ministerlabor." -Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime Minister

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Apartheid was Apartheid was highly highly

effective at effective at giving giving

preferential preferential treatment treatment to whitesto whites

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Student Uprising: 1976Student Uprising: 1976 Black students Black students

were forced to were forced to learn in Afrikaans.learn in Afrikaans.

Protests against Protests against Afrikaans started.Afrikaans started.

More than 500 More than 500 black students black students killed by white killed by white policemen.policemen.

More than a More than a thousand men, thousand men, women and women and children wounded.children wounded.

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At least from 1976 until 1990, such At least from 1976 until 1990, such headlines were common place in headlines were common place in South African newspapers. South African newspapers.

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A Struggle Against A Struggle Against ApartheidApartheid

Important to remember:Important to remember:Throughout the apartheid, there was a movement fighting Throughout the apartheid, there was a movement fighting

against it…against it… African National CongressAfrican National Congress

Nelson Mandela- A key character in the fight for Nelson Mandela- A key character in the fight for democracydemocracy-Imprisoned for his political efforts-Imprisoned for his political efforts-President of ANC-President of ANC-Released from prison in 1990-Released from prison in 1990-First democratic president of -First democratic president of South Africa South Africa

May 10, 1994-May 10, 1994-First Democratic Election First Democratic Election

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Nelson Nelson Mandela Mandela

also also votesvotes

April, April, 19941994

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A Brief Timeline….A Brief Timeline….

1948 Apartheid started. Whites were 1948 Apartheid started. Whites were in the minority.in the minority.

South African government did not South African government did not care about being shunned by the rest care about being shunned by the rest of the world.of the world.

1961 South Africa became a republic.1961 South Africa became a republic.

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1960-1990’s – repressive laws.1960-1990’s – repressive laws. 1976- More than 500 students killed 1976- More than 500 students killed 1980’s – violent opposition to White 1980’s – violent opposition to White

South African government. P.W. Botha South African government. P.W. Botha main proponent of apartheid. main proponent of apartheid.

1990-94 – massive violence1990-94 – massive violence F. W. De Clerk reversed Botha’s policy F. W. De Clerk reversed Botha’s policy

and began the end to apartheid.and began the end to apartheid. 1994 - Blacks, colored, and Indians 1994 - Blacks, colored, and Indians

voted for the first timevoted for the first timeBy Mzoli MncancaBy Mzoli Mncanca

1994- Nelson Mandela was elected 1994- Nelson Mandela was elected President in the country’s first democratic President in the country’s first democratic elections. elections.

1996- New constitution adopted1996- New constitution adopted 1999- second elections1999- second elections 2000 – Truth & Reconciliation Commission 2000 – Truth & Reconciliation Commission

– amnesty for whites to tell their stories– amnesty for whites to tell their stories

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South Africa TodaySouth Africa Today

Although the legacy Although the legacy of apartheid still of apartheid still prevails in South prevails in South Africa, the country Africa, the country has moved on has moved on considerably. SA´s considerably. SA´s economy increased economy increased by 5% in 2006. In by 5% in 2006. In 2010 SA is hosting 2010 SA is hosting the biggest the biggest tournament, the tournament, the soccer world cup. soccer world cup. By Mzoli MncancaBy Mzoli Mncanca

Better life for allBetter life for all

Elder people and children under 15 years Elder people and children under 15 years get a support grant.get a support grant.

Free Adult education Free Adult education Health facilities are free to allHealth facilities are free to all Basic services like water, electricity, Basic services like water, electricity,

telephone are renderedtelephone are rendered University education is available to many University education is available to many

young people through government funding young people through government funding and other bursaries.and other bursaries.

By Mzoli MncancaBy Mzoli Mncanca

Towards Free EducationTowards Free Education

In 2007, up to 40% of schools offered free In 2007, up to 40% of schools offered free education.education.

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National Nutrition ProgramNational Nutrition Program

Feeds 1.6-Feeds 1.6-million school million school children every children every dayday

Nearly 2000 Nearly 2000 school gardens school gardens with with government, government, local and NGO local and NGO supportsupport

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But still more imbalances of the But still more imbalances of the past need to be addressed to limit past need to be addressed to limit the gap between the rich and the the gap between the rich and the

poor.poor.

The gap

By Mzoli MncancaBy Mzoli Mncanca

Despite all the Despite all the accomplishments, the accomplishments, the victory over apartheid, victory over apartheid, the best constitution in the best constitution in the world, the 2010 the world, the 2010 soccer world cup, Nelson soccer world cup, Nelson Mandela the global icon Mandela the global icon and the rest, One thing and the rest, One thing

is evident: is evident: The is still The is still a long way to go!!a long way to go!!

By Mzoli MncancaBy Mzoli Mncanca

ReferencesReferences

Nelson Rolihahla Mandela. ANC. 2005. African National Congress. 07-02-2009. <http://www.anc.org.za/people/mandela.html>.

Apartheid Images: accesses from www.google.co.za/images=apartheid+images_apartheid jgp on 07-02-22209

Apartheid In South Africa accessed from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid on 16-02-2009

By Mzoli MncancaBy Mzoli Mncanca