the state's case in nysrpa vs. cuomo: what the state wants you to believe about the [un]safe act

8/15/2019 The State's Case in NYSRPA vs. Cuomo: What the State Wants You to Believe About the [UN]SAFE Act

1/36

]fl Rtntl‘s Bnsl hd DXRPQN vs. Bukek9

Zfnt tfl Rtntl Zndts Xku tk @lchlvl N`kut tfl W\DURNOL Nbt

0dm Neldmeldt Bknchthkd`y Qncken N. Bnpnddn,

Nttkrdly & Qkchby Ndncyst

www.0NBknchthkd.krj

2>? Hrhsf Pknm • Bkcmld, DX >=122 • (:>?) 8=>-206?

0dm Neldmeldt Bknchthkd [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Zfhtl Qnplr Rlrhls - 01>=


2/36

]fl Rtntl‘s Bnsl hd DXRPQN vs. Bukek 9

Zfnt tfl Rtntl Zndts Xku tk @lchlvl

N`kut tfl W\DURNOL Nbt

0dm Neldmeldt Bknchthkd

`y Qncken N. Bnpnddn,

Nttkrdly & Qkchby Ndncyst


3/36

Bkpyrhjft ©01>=, 0dm Neldmeldt Bknchthkd.

Ohrst lmhthkd, Rlptle`lr >?, 01>=.

Zhtfkut chehthdj tfl rhjfts udmlr bkpyrhjft n`kvl, dk pnrt ko tfhs pu`chbnthkd eny `l rlprkmublm, stkrlmhd, kr hdtrkmublm hdtk n rltrhlvnc systle, kr trndsehttlm, hd ndy okre, `y ndy elnds (lclbtrkdhb,

elbfndhbnc, pfktkbkpyhdj, rlbkrmhdj, kr ktflrwhsl), whtfkut tfl prhkr wrhttld plrehsshkd ko tfl bkpyrhjftkwdlr. ]fl sbnddhdj, upcknmhdj, ndm mhstrh`uthkd ko tfhs pu`chbnthkd vhn tfl Hdtlrdlt kr vhn ndy ktflrelnds whtfkut tfl plrehsshkd ko tfl bkpyrhjft kwdlr hs hccljnc ndm pudhsfn`cl `y cnw. Qclnsl uthchzl kdcynutfkrhzlm lclbtrkdhb lmhthkds, ndm mk dkt pnrthbhpntl hd kr ldbkurnjl lclbtrkdhb prhvnby ko bkpyrhjftlmentlrhncs. Zfhcl tfl bkpyrhjft kwdlr fns enml lvlry lookrt tk prkvhml nbburntl Hdtlrdlt nmmrlssls nt tfl

thel ko pu`chbnthkd, tfl nutfkrs mk dkt nssuel ndy rlspkdsh`hchty okr lrrkrs kr okr bfndjls tk tfl Hdtlrdlt pu`chbnthkd ko rlolrldblm entlrhncs tfnt kbbur notlr pu`chbnthkd. Ourtflr, dlhtflr tfl bkpyrhjft kwdlr dkrtfl nutfkrs fnvl bkdtrkc kvlr ndm mk dkt nssuel ndy rlspkdsh`hchty okr tfhrm-pnrty nutfkrs, wl`shtls, krtflhr bkdtldt.


4/36

Okrlwkrm

`y Rtlpfld I. Ncmstnmt, Qrlshmldt, RBKQL

]fl Rlbkdm Neldmeldt hs udmlr shljl. Pnthohlm hd >:8> ns pnrt ko tfl @hcc ko Phjfts, ht

stkkm, skcledcy ndm quhltcy, ns tfl junrmhnd ko ncc ktflr ko kur bhvhc ch`lrthls okr ekrl tfnd

011 ylnrs.

@ut, skelwflrl hd tfl cntl >861s, kur dnthkdnc bucturl stnrtlm tk sfhot. Ohrst, tflrl wns nd

hepkrt `nd. ]fld, tflrl wns nd –nssnuct wlnpkds― `nd. Rlclbt stntls orke Bnchokrdhn tk DlwXkrg bfhpplm nwny nt tfl rhjfts ko jud kwdlrs. ]fksl wfk tfkujft tfnt tfl Flcclr mlbhshkd

hd 011? wkucm ldsfrhdl kur Rlbkdm Neldmeldt rhjfts ns –oudmneldtnc― ndm tfnt tfl

EnbMkdncm mlbhshkd hd 0116 wkucm fnct stntl nbthkd turdlm kut tk `l mrlnmouccy wrkdj.

Hd 01>2, Dlw Xkrg, Bkddlbthbut, Enrycndm, ndm Bkckrnmk pnsslm swllphdj cljhscnthkd tfnt

mlnct n `ckw tk tfl Rlbkdm Neldmeldt. Enikr chthjnthkd wns cnudbflm hd tflsl stntls, ndm

tfl DXRPQN vs. Bukek cnwsuht tkkg tfl clnm whtf nd lnrcy Mhstrhbt Bkurt slt `nbg tfnt wns

okcckwlm `y bkepnrn`cl ruchdjs hd Bkddlbthbut ndm Enrycndm.

Ht `lbnel nppnrldt tk endy hd 01>2 tfnt n dlw strntljy wns bncclm okr tk mloldm tfl Rlbkdm

Neldmeldt, hd chjft ko wfhbf tfl Rlbkdm Neldmeldt Bknchthkd Plskurbl Bldtlr wns

cnudbflm hd Iucy 01>=. Jrkups dllm tk hdtlrnbt whtf lnbf ktflr. Ele`lrs dllm tk ̀ lbkel n

udhohlm okrbl. Hdmustry, OOCs, ndm lvlry jud kwdlr wfk `lchlvls fhe kr flrslco tk `l

udnoolbtlm eust mk tflhr pnrt.

]fhs Zfhtl Qnplr hs tfl ohrst ko wfnt whcc `l n slrhls, brhthbnccy lxnehdhdj jkvlrdeldt bcnhes

n`kut ohrlnres ndm jud bkdtrkc. Ht okbusls upkd tfl Rtntl‘s @rhlo tk tfl Rlbkdm Bhrbuht Bkurt

ko Npplncs hd tfl DXRPQN vs. Bukek bnsl, nttnbghdj tfl wkrst ko tfl ehsclnmhdj nsslrthkds

n`kut wfnt tfl Rtntl bnccs –nssnuct wlnpkds.―


5/36

Engl dk ehstngl n`kut ht9 Dlw Xkrg Rtntl hs mltlrehdlm tk orllzl ndm pfnsl kut ns endy

ohrlnres ns pkssh`cl, hdbcumhdj wfnt wl gdkw ns tfl –ekmlrd spkrthdj rhocl― `uhct kd tfl NP

pcntokre.

Zl hdvhtl yku tk ikhd us hd tfl prktlbthkd ko tfl ekst hepkrtndt ko kur bhvhc ch`lrthls, tfl rhjft

tk `lnr nres udmlr tfl Rlbkdm Neldmeldt ko tfl \dhtlm Rtntls Bkdsthtuthkd.

Rtlpfld I. Ncmstnmt, Qrlshmldt

Rfkktlrs Bkeehttll kd Qkchthbnc Lmubnthkd


6/36

]fl Rtntl‘s Bnsl hd DXRPQN vs. Bukek Qnjl >

>. LVLB\]H_L R\EENPX

Kd Indunry >2, Dlw Xkrg Jkvlrdkr Ndmrlw Bukek shjdlm swllphdj

cljhscnthkd hdtk cnw tfnt `lbnel gdkwd ns tfl –RNOL Nbt.― Zhtfhd twk ekdtfs, n cnwsuht

wns ohclm hd olmlrnc bkurt, DXRPQN vs. Bukek. @y Mlble`lr 2>, 01>2, \.R. Mhstrhbt Bkurt

Iumjl Rgrltdy fnm hssulm n Mlbhshkd ndm Krmlr `nslm upkd n 0,, 01>=, tflRlbkdm Bhrbuht Bkurt ko Npplncs krmlrlm tfnt tfl DX cnwsuht `l flnrm hd tndmle tk n shehcnr

cnwsuht krhjhdnthdj hd Bkddlbthbut. N tfhrm olmlrnc cnwsuht hs ncsk pldmhdj orke Enrycndm tk

tfl Okurtf Bhrbuht Bkurt ko Npplncs. ]flsl bnsls bkucm rlnbf tfl \.R. Ruprlel Bkurt, `y

sprhdj ko 01>= tk tfl Rlbkdm Bhrbuht Bkurt ko Npplncs whtf n pnrthbucnr okbus kd hts mlphbthkd ko

vnrhkus ohrlnres ns –nssnuct wlnpkds.― ]fl Rtntl nrjueldts bldtlr nrkudm tflels ko olmlrnc

ndm stntl stntutls tfnt wldt udbfnccldjlm hd tfl bkurts shdbl >868, n `ckj bncclm n –mntn`nsl―

put tkjltflr `y Ektflr Ikdls, n rlthrlm pkchbl bfhlo wfk mhm dkt lxnehdl tfl ohrlnres uslm hdn rlolrldblm brhehdnc hdbhmldt, ndm n rlslnrbflr wfk n`ndmkds fhs kwd rlslnrbf ohdmhdjs tk

suppkrt tfl RNOL Nbt.

]fl Rtntl Nttkrdlys wrhtl hd n enddlr tfnt hs onst ndm cksl ‒ tfl snel stycl tfly uslm

hd mrnothdj tflhr whtdlss noohmnvhts. ]fl Rtntl npplnrs tk `l jltthdj nwny whtf hts npprknbf


7/36

Qnjl 0 ]fl Rtntl‘s Bnsl hd DXRPQN vs. Bukek9

`lbnusl tfhs hs n cnwsuht `lhdj mltlrehdlm –kd pnplrs― ndm dkt hd n trhnc sltthdj. ]fhs bnsl

mkls dkt hdvkcvl chvl whtdlssls, brkss-lxnehdnthkd, kr ruchdjs kd nmehssh`hchty. Hdstlnm,

tflrl nrl ekthkd pnplrs tfnt bkdvlrt udbfnccldjlm wrhttld nccljnthkds hdtk –lvhmldbl,―

pursundt tk tfl Pucls ko Olmlrnc Bhvhc Qrkblmurl.

]fl Rtntl‘s nrjueldts nrl bkdshstldt whtf tfksl pusfhdj okr jud bkdtrkc shdbl tfl

>861s9 ht‘s n vkhbl mrhvld `y olnrekdjlrhdj, dkt onbts. Dkw, tfl Rtntl hs ushdj tfnt fystlrhn

hd su`ehsshkds tk iumjls. ]frkujf hts usl ko ocne`kyndt cndjunjl, whcc tfl Rtntl `l n`cl tk

mhvlrt tfl nttldthkd ko iumjls nwny orke n brhthbnc lvncunthkd ko tfl rlbkrm ko tfl bnsl;

0. N QPHELP ‒ LDJNJL HD ]FHR NDNCXRHR

]k jk mllp hdtk nd ndncyshs ko tfl Rtntl‘s @rhlo tk tfl Rlbkdm Bhrbuht hd tfl DXRPQN

v. Bukek cnwsuht, yku‘rl jkhdj tk dllm n prhelr. Ht‘s onsbhdnthdj ndm ht‘s dkt bkepchbntlm ‒

sk mkd‘t `l put koo `y tfhs kpldhdj slbthkd. Zl‘rl wrhthdj ht hdtk tfhs Zfhtl Qnplr `lbnusl

ht‘s dkt tfl ghdm ko `nshb hdokrenthkd yku wkucm `l n`cl tk lnshcy pucc tfrkujf nd Hdtlrdlt

slnrbf kr ohdm kd tfl dhjftcy dlws.

Zl‘cc stnrt whtf n sfkrt wncg tfrkujf tfl okcckwhdj (>.) tfl DX RNOL Nbt mlohdhthkd

ko nd –nssnuct wlnpkd7― (0.) tfl cnwsuht tfnt wns ohclm hd tfl olmlrnc bkurt7 (2.) tfl Mhstrhbt

Bkurt mlbhshkd wns enml `nslm kd ekthkd pnplrs7 (=.) tfl bkdvlrshkd ko ekthkd pnplrs uslm

hd tfl Mhstrhbt Bkurt, tk tfl Plbkrm kd Npplnc tk tfl Rlbkdm Bhrbuht Bkurt ko Npplncs7 ndm,

(


8/36

Zfnt tfl Rtntl Zndts Xku tk @lchlvl Qnjl 2

0n. ]fl DX RNOL Nbt Mlohdhthkd ko –Nssnuct Zlnpkds―

]fl DX RNOL Nbt ekmhohlm tfl Qldnc Cnw mlohdhthkd ko –nssnuct wlnpkd,― wfhbf

wns ohrst ldnbtlm hd 0111. ]fl mlohdhthkdnc tlxt ko ht hs prkvhmlm kd tfl dlxt pnjl7 lxblpthkds

ndm lxlepthkds nrl kehttlm. ]fl burrldt vlrshkd ko DX Qldnc Cnw §0?2

]fl –RNOL Nbt― sfkwlm up kd tfl notlrdkkd ko Ekdmny, Indunry >=, 01>2 wfld

Jkvlrdkr Bukek hssulm n –Elssnjl ko Dlblsshty,― bncchdj okr nd heelmhntl vktl, ohrst `y

tfl DXR Rldntl, tfld `y tfl DXR Nssle`cy. Hd tfl n`sldbl ko tfhs stlp ̀ y n jkvlrdkr, tfl

DXR Bkdsthtuthkd rlquhrls @hccs tk `l enrglm ndm nvnhcn`cl tk cljhscntkrs okr tfrll mnys prhkr

tk n vktl.> ]fhs hs gdkwd ns tfl –tfrll mny mlsg rucl.―


9/36

Qnjl = ]fl Rtntl‘s Bnsl hd DXRPQN vs. Bukek9

DX Qldnc Cnw §0?


10/36

Zfnt tfl Rtntl Zndts Xku tk @lchlvl Qnjl <

Kd Indunry >=, 01>2 nt npprkxhentlcy >1 pe, tfl DXR Rldntl Pucls Bkeehttll vktlm

kd tfl @hcc,0 ndm, npprkxhentlcy kdl fkur cntlr, tfl oucc DXR Rldntl npprkvlm R@ 0021 `y n

vktl ko =2->6.2 ]fl dlxt mny, tfl DXR Nssle`cy npprkvlm tfl bkepndhkd @hcc, N@ 0266,

`y n vktl ko >1=-=2.=

]fl 28-pnjl @hcc bkdtnhdlm dlw prkvhshkds ndm neldmlm lxhsthdj kdls hd tfl Qldnc

Cnw, Brhehdnc Qrkblmurl Cnw, Bkrrlbthkd Cnw, Onehcy Bkurt Nbt, Mkelsthb Plcnthkds Cnw,

Lxlbuthvl Cnw, Jldlrnc @ushdlss Cnw, Iumhbhnry Cnw, Eldtnc Fyjhldl Cnw, ndm tfl

Rurrkjntl‘s Bkurt Qrkblmurl Nbt.2.?

0b. ]fl DXRPQN v. Bukek Cnwsuht ‒ Enrbf 01>2

]fl Dlw Xkrg Rtntl Phocl ndm Qhstkc Nsskbhnthkd v. Bukek cnwsuht wns ohclm kd

Enrbf 0>, 01>2 hd tfl Mhstrhbt Bkurt okr tfl Zlstlrd Mhstrhbt ko Dlw Xkrg.

]flrl nrl tfrll clvlcs tk tfl olmlrnc bkurt systle9 tfl Mhstrhbt Bkurt, tfl Bhrbuht Bkurt

ko Npplncs, ndm tfl \.R. Ruprlel Bkurt. ]fl npplnc ko n mlbhshkd orke tfl Mhstrhbt Bkurt tk

tfl Bkurt ko Npplncs hs, lssldthnccy, –ns ko rhjft,―

elndhdj tfnt ht bnd `l tngld whtfkut dllmhdj

plrehsshkd.: @y bkdtrnst, tk rlnbf tfl \.R.

Ruprlel Bkurt, n pnrty eust ohcl n ekthkd tk

rlqulst slclbthkd ko tfl bnsl `y tfl fhjf bkurt.6

Kdcy n`kut :< bnsls kut ko npprkxhentlcy >1,111

plththkds plr ylnr nrl mltlrehdlm `y tfl \.R.

Ruprlel Bkurt8 kut ko tfl fudmrlms ko tfkusndms

tfnt `ljhd nt tfl Mhstrhbt Bkurt clvlc.>1

Dlw Xkrg Phocl ndm Qhstkc Nsskbhnthkd, Hdb.7Zlstbflstlr Bkudty Ohrlnres Kwdlrs Nsskbhnthkd,Hdb.7 Rpkrtseld‘s Nsskbhnthkd okr OhrlnresLmubnthkd, Hdb.7 Dlw Xkrg Rtntl Nentlur]rnpsfkkthdj Nsskbhnthkd, Hdb.7 @lmlcc Bustke7@lhghrbf Neeudhthkd Bkrpkrnthkd7 @culchdl ]nbthbnc& Qkchbl Ruppcy, CCB7 @ntnvhn Enrhdl & RpkrthdjRuppcy7 Zhcchne Dkiny, ]fkens Jncvhd, ndm Pkjlr

Fkrvntf,

Qcnhdthoos

vs.

Ndmrlw E. Bukek, Jkvlrdkr ko tfl Rtntl ko DlwXkrg7 Lrhb ]. Rbfdlhmlrend, Nttkrdly Jldlrnc kotfl Rtntl ko Dlw Xkrg7 Ikslpf N. M‘Nehbk,Ruplrhdtldmldt ko tfl Dlw Xkrg Rtntl Qkchbl7Cnwrldbl Orhlmend, Mhstrhbt Nttkrdly okr JldlsllBkudty7 ndm Jlrncm I. Jhcc, Bfhlo ko Qkchbl okr tfl]kwd ko Cndbnstlr, Dlw Xkrg,

Mloldmndts


11/36

Qnjl ? ]fl Rtntl‘s Bnsl hd DXRPQN vs. Bukek9

]fl DXRPQN v. Bukek cnwsuht wns mltlrehdlm nt tfl Mhstrhbt Bkurt clvlc `y Iumjl

Rgrltdy. Fhs mlbhshkd wns `nslm upkd ekthkd pnplrs su`ehttlm `y tfl nttkrdlys tfnt

hdbcumlm vnrhkus nttnbfeldts. Rkel nttnbfeldts wlrl swkrd –Mlbcnrnthkds― (chgl nd

–noohmnvht―)7 ktflrs wlrl shepcy pfktkbkphls ko `ckjs ndm dlwspnplr nrthbcls. Ncc ko tfl

ekthkds ndm nttnbfeldts bkdsthtutl tfl –Plbkrm kd Npplnc.― Ht hs dlnrcy 0,>

Mlbhshkds nrl rkuthdlcy enml `nslm upkd ekthkds, hdbcumhdj hd bnsls hdvkcvhdj

qulsthkds ko bkdsthtuthkdnc cnw. Iumjls ndm cnwylrs nrl juhmlm `y tfl Olmlrnc Pucls ko Bhvhc

Qrkblmurl, hdbcumhdj tfl okcckwhdj rucl nppchbn`cl tk lvncuntl tfl Rtntl‘s Ekthkd okr

Rueenry Iumjeldt9

Pucl


12/36

Zfnt tfl Rtntl Zndts Xku tk @lchlvl Qnjl :

tfnt n rlquhrleldt tfnt neeudhthkd sncls `l bkdmubtlm hd plrskd mkls dkt udmucy

ùrmld hdtlrstntl bkeelrbl7

tfnt tfl slvld rkudm cheht hs nd nr`htrnry rlstrhbthkd tfnt heplrehssh`cy hdorhdjls

Rlbkdm Neldmeldt rhjfts7 ndm,

tfnt tfrll prkvhshkds ko tfl RNOL Nbt nrl udbkdsthtuthkdnccy vnjul `lbnusl nd

krmhdnry plrskd eust splbucntl ns tk wfnt tfksl prkvhshkds bkeendm kr okr`hm.

]fl Qcnhdthoo‘s cnwylrs tfld ohclm tflhr Dkthbl ko Npplnc tk tfl Rlbkdm Bhrbuht Bkurt

ko Npplncs kd Indunry 2, 01>=, ndm tfly ornelm tfl qulsthkds okr npplccntl mltlrehdnthkd ns

okcckws9

>. Zfltflr Dlw Xkrg‘s `nd kd bkeekdcy pksslsslm ohrlnres tfnt tfl Rtntl cn`lcs–nssnuct wlnpkds― vhkcntls tfl Rlbkdm Neldmeldt;

0. Zfltflr Dlw Xkrg‘s `nd kd stndmnrm bnpnbhty neeudhthkd enjnzhdls tfnt tflRtntl cn`lcs –cnrjl bnpnbhty― enjnzhdls vhkcntls tfl Rlbkdm Neldmeldt;

2. Zfltflr blrtnhd prkvhshkds ko tfl RNOL Nbt nrl udbkdsthtuthkdnccy vnjul;

Kd Nprhc 08, 01>=, tfl Qcnhdthoos‘ cnwylrs suèhttlm tflhr @rhlo tk tfl Rlbkdm Bhrbuht

Bkurt ko Npplncs.>2 Kd Iucy 08, 01>=, tfl cnwylrs okr tfl Rtntl suèhttlm tflhr @rhlo. ]fl

Qcnhdthoos‘ cnwylrs dkw fnvl udthc Rlptle`lr 08, 01>= tk rlpcy tk tfl Rtntl‘s @rhlo.

Okr purpksls ko tfhs Zfhtl Qnplr, wl‘rl okbushdj kur ndncyshs kd tfl Rtntl‘s

nrjueldts rlcnthvl tk –nssnuct wlnpkds― hd hts npplccntl @rhlo. Kur prlsldtnthkd whcc okbus kd

tfl cndjunjl uslm `y tfl Rtntl‘s cnwylrs ndm tfl pnjls ko tfl Plbkrm kd Npplnc lepfnshzlm

`y tfle. Kur jknc hs tk prkvhml yku whtf n suoohbhldt clvlc ko ndncyshs sk tfnt yku, tkk, bnd

sll tfnt tfl Rtntl‘s bnsl hs chtlrnccy –pnplr tfhd.―


13/36


14/36


lchehdnthdj ohrlnres uslm hd enss sfkkthdjs. ]fl Rtntl engls dkt lvld kdl subf nccljnthkd

hd nmehssh`cl okre hd tfl ldthrlty ko hts su`ehsshkd.

Rk fkw mhm tfl Rtntl bcnhe tk suppkrt hts nrjueldts hd hts @rhlo tk tfl Rlbkdm Bhrbuht

Bkurt ko Npplncs; Clt‘s jk tfrkujf ht, tkjltflr.

2n. ]fl Ektflr Ikdls –Mntn`nsl― ‒ Ht‘s n @ckj

]fl Rtntl ndm hts whtdlssls rlcy flnvhcy kd n wrhtl-up kd tfl Ektflr Ikdls wl`shtl

tfnt purpkrts tk `l n –mntn`nsl.― Hd fhs Mlbhshkd, Mhstrhbt Bkurt Iumjl Rgrltdy bfnrnbtlrhzlm

ht ns –…nd lxfnusthvl stumy ko enss sfkkthdjs hd Nelrhbn…―>: Iumjl Rgrltdy bkdbcumlm

–Rtumhls ndm mntn suppkrt Dlw Xkrg‘s vhlw tfnt nssnuct wlnpkds nrl kotld uslm tk

mlvnstnthdj loolbt hd enss sfkkthdjs,― rlolrrhdj tk tfl Mlbcnrnthkds tfnt bhtl tk Ektflr

Ikdls.>6

Xku bnd rlvhlw tfl Ektflr Ikdls phlbl kdchdl okr ykurslco,>8 ndm yku‘cc sll tfnt ht hs

hd tfl dnturl ko n `ckj, tk wfhbf rlvhshkds nrl enml ndm npkckjhls okr lrrkrs nrl hssulm.]fl Ektflr Ikdls –mntn`nsl― hs iust n bfnrt, nccljlmcy htlehzhdj ?0 brhehdnc hdbhmldts orke

>880 ‒ 01>0. Kdl ko tfl bkcueds ko tfl bfnrt hdmhbntls tfnt 01 ohrlnres uslm hd tfl chstlm

brhehdnc hdbhmldts bkucm `l bfnrnbtlrhzlm ns –nssnuct wlnpkds,― ns tfl tlre wns uslm hd \.R.

Rldntl @hcc >2) mrnotlm `y \.R. Rldntkr Mhndl Olhdstlhd ‒ n @hcc tfnt dlvlr rlnbflm n

olmlrnc cljhscnthvl vktl.01

Ho yku mkd‘t gdkw –Ektflr Ikdls,― flrl hs fkw ht mlsbr h`ls htslco kd hts wl`shtl9

–Ektflr Ikdls hs n dkdprkoht dlws krjndhznthkd tfnt splbhnchzls

hd hdvlsthjnthvl, pkchthbnc, ndm skbhnc iusthbl rlpkrthdj. Zl

burrldtcy fnvl twk enhd –pcntokres―9 ( shb) nd nwnrm-whddhdj

`hekdtfcy dnthkdnc enjnzhdl (bhrbucnthkd 0=1,111), ndm n wl`shtl

olnturhdj dlw, krhjhdnc rlpkrthdj 0=-:. (Hd tfl pnst wl‘vl fnm n

rnmhk sfkw ndm ]_ splbhncs7 tflel pnrgs nrl hd tfl bkdblptunc

stnjl.)―0>


15/36

Qnjl >1 ]fl Rtntl‘s Bnsl hd DXRPQN vs. Bukek9

Hs tfhs Ektflr Ikdls bfnrt prk`nthvl lvhmldbl ko tfl ohrlnres uslm hd enss sfkkthdjs;

Dk, ht‘s dkt, ndm ht n`skcutlcy wkucm dkt `l nmehssh`cl hd n trhnc sltthdj. Lvld sk, tfl Rtntl

nttnbflm ht tk hts ekthkd pnplrs, Iumjl Rgrltdy nbblptlm ht nt onbl vncul, ndm dkw Ektflr

Ikdls hs pnrt ko tfl Rtntl‘s nrjueldt tk tfl Rlbkdm Bhrbuht Bkurt ko Npplncs.

Clt‘s ckkg hdtk tfl Ektflr Ikdls `ckj ndm mk n chttcl ndncyshs.00

Ektflr Ikdls bcnhes tfnt hts `ckj hs n phlbl ko –hdvlsthjnthvl ikurdnchse,― hdbcumhdj n

–mntn`nsl― ko enss sfkkthdjs, juds pksslsslm `y tfl brhehdnc, wfltflr tfl jud wns cknmlm

whtf n –cnrjl bnpnbhty enjnzhdl,― ndm wfltflr tfl jud wns nd –nssnuct wlnpkd―02

(ns mlohdlm `y Rld. Olhdstlhd‘s 01>2 @hcc).

]fl ohrst prk`cle hs tfnt tfl Ektflr Ikdls `ckj snys ht htlehzls ?0 brhehdnc hdbhmldts,

`ut tfl prhdtkut kdcy sfkws =8.0= Chglwhsl, tfl prhdtkut mkls dkt sfkw nd htlehzlm chst ko

–juds pksslsslm7― ht sfkws n bchpplm bkcued whtf mlsbrhpthkds chgl –>1ee Jckbg, 8ee

RHJ― ndm –twk .=> ohrlnres wkucm qunchoy7 tfl `ckj snys 01 ohrlnres wkucm qunchoy.

Ht hs dkt pkssh`cl tk rlbkdbhcl tfl bcnhes enml hd tfl Ektflr Ikdls `ckj njnhdst hts kwd bfnrt

ns ht npplnrs hd tfl Plbkrm kd Npplnc. Ht hs lqunccy hepkssh`cl tk hdmlpldmldtcy lvncuntl tfl

bcnhes enml n`kut wfltflr n pnrthbucnr ohrlnre ellts tfl mlohdhthkd ko n Rld. Olhdstlhd

–nssnuct wlnpkd.―

]flrl hs dkt kdl hdstndbl hd wfhbf Ektflr Ikdls rlolrldbls prhenry skurbl entlrhncs

orke cnw ldokrbleldt njldbhls, ndm tflrl hs blrtnhdcy dktfhdj tk hdmhbntl tfnt ht bkdmubtlm

ndy hdmlpldmldt hdtlrvhlws kr lvhmldbl rlvhlws.


16/36

Zfnt tfl Rtntl Zndts Xku tk @lchlvl Qnjl >>

FLNPRNX S'fhr-,sĎS dkud

]fl mlbcnrndt mkls dkt engl wfhcl

tlsthoyhdj nt tfl burrldt trhnc kr

flnrhdj7 ndm, ht hs koolrlm tk prkvl

tfl trutf ko tfl enttlr nsslrtlm hdtfl stntleldt.

Olmlrnc Pucls ko Lvhmldbl §61>(b)

OK\DMN]HKD Sonud-'mĎ-sfɘdS

N whtdlss eny tlsthoy tk n enttlr

kdcy ho lvhmldbl hs hdtrkmublm

suoohbhldt tk suppkrt n ohdmhdj tfnt

tfl whtdlss fns plrskdnc

gdkwclmjl ko tfl enttlr.

Olmlrnc Pucls ko Lvhmldbl §?10

Zfy mkls ncc ko tfhs enttlr;

]fl Rtntl‘s whtdlssls rlcy upkd tfl Ektflr Ikdls `ckj wfld enghdj swkrd

stntleldts tk tfl Bkurt. Hd n trhnc sltthdj, dkt kdcy wkucm tfl Ektflr Ikdls `ckj `l

hdnmehssh`cl, sk tkk tfl nccljnthkds orke tfl Rtntl‘s

whtdlssls wkucm ncsk `l hdnmehssh`cl. ]fl Ektflr

Ikdls `ckj hs flnrsny ndm tfl whtdlss nccljnthkds nrl

mku`cl flnrsny. –Flnrsny― hs n cljnc tlre ko nrt, wfhbf,

hd hts ekst shepcl okre elnds tfnt n whtdlss bnddkt

wncg hdtk n bkurtrkke ndm tlsthoy n`kut wfnt skelkdl

lcsl nccljlmcy snhm. –Mku`cl flnrsny― hs flnrsny upkd

flnrsny. Xls, tflrl nrl lxblpthkds tk tfl flnrsny rucl tfnt bnd engl flnrsny nmehssh`cl, `ut

dkdl nppcy tk tflsl wrhtl-ups kr tk tfl `ckj.

Lvld ho tfl nutfkr ko tfl `ckj wndtlm tk tlsthoy hd n trhnc sltthdj n`kut wfnt hs chstlm hd

tfl tn`cl, fl wkucmd‘t `l plrehttlm tk mk sk. ]fl nutfkr hs rlcyhdj upkd wfnt ktflr wrhtlrs

pu`chsflm hd tflhr rlsplbthvl elmhn kutclt, ndm fl

mklsd‘t fnvl ndy prhenry skurbl hdokrenthkd, subf ns

pkchbl pfktkjrnpfs ko ohrlnres uslm hd tfl bkeehsshkd

ko tfl brhels. Ourtflr, tfl wrhtlr mklsd‘t prlsldt

fheslco ns fnvhdj ndy qunchohbnthkds ns n ohrlnres

lxplrt, ndm sk lvld ho fl k`tnhdlm pkchbl pfktkjrnpfs

ko ohrlnres uslm hd tfl chstlm brhels, fl wkucmd‘t `l

plrehttlm tk bkeeldt upkd tfl enduonbturlr, ekmlc, olnturls, nbblsskrhls, kr ndy notlr-

enrglt ekmhohbnthkds. Fl wkucmd‘t ̀ l plrehttlm tk engl bkdbcushkds n`kut wfltflr n

pnrthbucnr ohrlnre wns kr wns dkt nd –nssnuct wlnpkd,― `y ndy mlohdhthkd.


17/36


Ndm ylt, tfhs Ektflr Ikdls `ckj hs wfnt hs rlchlm upkd `y tfl Rtntl‘s Nttkrdlys hd hts

@rhlo, ns wlcc ns twk ko hts gly whtdlssls, Er. Orndgchd Yherhdj ndm Es. Cuby Nccld.

]fl Mhstrhbt Bkurt Iumjl hd fhs Mlbhshkd ndm Krmlr lxprlsslm fhs rlchndbl upkd Ektflr

Ikdls,08?:.―06

]flrl nrl kdcy tfrll okktdktls hd Er. Yherhdj‘s Mlbcnrnthkd, kdl tk tfl Flcclr bnsl

ndm twk tk Ektflr Ikdls. Er. Yherhdj bhtls tfl Ektflr Ikdls `ckj ns fhs skurbl ko

hdokrenthkd okr –enss sfkkthdj lphskmls,― hdbcumhdj fhs nsslrthkd tfnt ko tfl hdbhmldts chstlm

okr tfl ylnr 01>0, –…tfl wlnpkds uslm wkucm fnvl `lld prkfh`htlm `y tfl RNOL Nbt…―08

Er. Yherhdj ncsk bhtls tfl Ektflr Ikdls `ckj ns fhs skurbl ko hdokrenthkd okr tfl skurbls ko

juds ndm neeudhthkd –uslm hd ekst enss sfkkthdjs― ns `lhdj –tfl krmhdnry bfnddlcs ko

bkeelrbl.―21

]fl Ektflr Ikdls `ckj mkls dkt prkvhml n bkepcltl chst ko ohrlnres uslm hd enss

sfkkthdjs, dkr mkls ht prkvhml n suoohbhldt clvlc ko hdokrenthkd n`kut subf ohrlnres tk engl

ndy ndncyshs ko wfltflr n ohrlnre bkucm `l bfnrnbtlrhzlm ns nd –nssnuct wlnpkd― udmlr ndystntutl. Er. Yherhdj mkls dkt bhtl ndy prhenry skurbl entlrhncs. Er. Yherhdj mkls dkt bcnhe

tk fnvl ndy ohrlnres lxplrhldbl tfnt wkucm ncckw fhe tk bkdmubt ndncyshs ko wfltflr n

pnrthbucnr ohrlnre ellts n pnrthbucnr mlohdhthkd ko nd –nssnuct wlnpkd.― Ns n cnw prkolsskr,

fl bkucm fnvl ldjnjlm hd n bkepnrhskd ko tfl vnrhkus cljhscnthvl mlohdhthkds ko –nssnuct

wlnpkds,― `ut fl mkls dkt mk tfhs, lhtflr.


18/36

Zfnt tfl Rtntl Zndts Xku tk @lchlvl Qnjl >2

]fl nccljnthkds ko Er. Yherhdj‘s Mlbcnrnthkd wkucm dkt `l nmehssh`cl ns chvl

tlsthekdy hd n trhnc sltthdj `lbnusl ht hs `nslm upkd flnrsny ndm cnbgs okudmnthkd. Hdstlnm,

udokrtudntlcy, tfl Mhstrhbt Bkurt Iumjl rlchlm upkd Er. Yherhdj‘s Mlbcnrnthkd hd tfl

Mlbhshkd ndm Krmlr, ndm tfhs brlntls n flhjftldlm rhsg tfnt tfl Bhrbuht Bkurt ko Npplncs mkls

tfl snel tfhdj.

Ndktflr ko tfl Rtntl‘s whtdlssls bhtlm tk `y tfl Mhstrhbt Bkurt Iumjl hs Es. Cuby

Nccld, wfk rlchls upkd tfl Ektflr Ikdls `ckj okr flr swkrd stntleldt tk tfl Bkurt.2>

Es. Nccld prlsldts flrslco ns n Rldhkr _hbl Qrlshmldt ko DLPN Lbkdkehb Bkdsucthdj,

prkvhmhdj –prnbthbnc lbkdkehb nmvhbl rlcntlm tk fhjfcy bkepclx `ushdlss ndm cljnc hssuls

nrhshdj orke bkeplththkd, rljucnthkd, pu`chb pkchby, strntljy, ohdndbl, ndm chthjnthkd.―20 Rfl

stntls sfl fns n @.N. orke Rtndokrm \dhvlrshty, nd [email protected]., nd E.N., ndm n E.Qfhc. orke Xncl

\dhvlrshty, ndm tfnt sfl wns nd Lbkdkehst kd tfl Bkudbhc ko Lbkdkehb Nmvhslrs okr `ktf

Qrlshmldt @usf ndm Qrlshmldt Bchdtkd.22

Es. Nccld‘s ndncyshs ko enss sfkkthdjs usls kdcy twk skurbls9 tfl Ektflr Ikdls `ckj

ndm n pu`chbnthkd ko tfl Bhthzlds Brhel Bkeehsshkd ko Dlw Xkrg Bhty. 2= Es. Nccld stntls

tfnt sfl –upmntlm― tfl Ektflr Ikdls entlrhncs tk brlntl flr kwd –mntn slt,― wfhbf sfl

nttnbfls ns –]n`cl >9 Bke`hdlm Enss Rfkkthdjs Mntn (>860 ‒ Iudl >2).―2880 tk 01>2, kdcy kdl ko wfhbf fns n

bhtnthkd ns tk hts skurbl.2: ]fhs bfnrt mkls dkt chst ndy hdmhvhmunc ohrlnres `y dnel kr ekmlc.

Es. Nccld jkls kd tk engl nccljnthkds n`kut –cnrjl bnpnbhty enjnzhdls― ndm

tfl due`lr ko sfkts ohrlm, lvld tfkujf sfl nmms n okktdktl –Okr endy ko tfl enss sfkkthdjs,tfl mntn mkls dkt hdmhbntl wfltflr n cnrjl-bnpnbhty enjnzhdl hs uslm.―26 Es. Nccld chglwhsl

engls nccljnthkds n`kut ohrlnres `lhdj cljnccy k`tnhdlm prhkr tk brhehdnc usl hd enss

sfkkthdjs, rlcyhdj upkd tfl Ektflr Ikdls `ckj.28


19/36

Qnjl >= ]fl Rtntl‘s Bnsl hd DXRPQN vs. Bukek9

Es. Nccld, chgl Er. Yherhdj, hs whcchdj tk usl tfl htles chstlm hd tfl Ektflr Ikdls

bfnrt ns ho ht wlrl n prkplrcy bkdstrubtlm mntnslt `uhct orke prhenry skurbl entlrhncs.

@ut, ht fns dk rlslnrbf hdtljrhty.

Rk wfnt hs rlnccy jkhdj kd hd tfl Ektflr Ikdls `ckj;

]fl Ektflr Ikdls `ckj hs n vlfhbcl okr n ch`lrnc elmhn kutclt tk prlsldt skel chehtlm

dlws rlpkrts tk suppkrt hts usl ko wkrms chgl –Ho Wtfl Olhdstlhd @hccU wlrl tk pnss, tfl `hcc

wkucm kutcnw fhjfcy cltfnc ohrlnres tfnt mkzlds ko enss sfkktlrs hd tfl \dhtlm Rtntls fnvl

uslm tk udclnsf bnrdnjl.―=1

Ndm, –Cnw ldokrbleldt koohbhncs wl bkdsuctlm=>

jldlrnccy

bkdshmlrlm tfnt tk `l n rlnskdn`cl npprknbf okr mhsthdjuhsfhdj `ltwlld ohrlnres uslm okr

spkrt kr slco-mloldsl ndm ehchtnry-stycl wlnpkds mlshjdlm tk enxhehzl `kmy bkudts.―=0 ]fl

`ckj usls wkrms chgl –scnujftlr,― –mnhcy jud vhkcldbl,― –bnsuncthls hd strllt vhkcldbl.―=2

Zkucmd‘t yku tfhdg tfnt n trul mntn bkephcnthkd wkucm `l tfl ohrst tfhdj tfnt ndy

cljhscnthvl `kmy wkucm bkephcl prhkr tk pu`chbcy ml`nthdj jud bkdtrkc cljhscnthkd;

Zfnt‘s jkhdj kd flrl hd tfl Rtntl‘s @rhlo ndm Plbkrm kd Npplnc hs shepcl. ]fl Rtntl

mklsd‘t prlsldt n trul ndncyshs `lbnusl ht mklsd‘t lxhst hd tfl DX cljhscnthvl rlbkrm okr tfl

RNOL Nbt. ]fl DXR Cljhscnturl mhm dkt bkeehsshkd ht, mhm dkt bhtl tk ndytfhdj chgl ht

murhdj tfl ockkr bkeeldts prhkr tk tfl vktl. Ndm dlhtflr mhm tfl \.R. Bkdjrlss, prhkr tk

ldnbthdj tfl Nssnuct Zlnpkds @nd.

]fl Mhstrhbt Bkurt Iumjl bkucm fnvl ruclm tfnt hd tfl n`sldbl ko ndy prk`nthvl mntn kd

tfl rlcnthkdsfhp `ltwlld enss sfkkthdjs ndm jud bkdtrkc cljhscnthkd ht wkucm mldy tfl Rtntl‘s

rlqulst okr n sueenry iumjeldt ruchdj hd onvkr ko tfl bkdsthtuthkdnchty ko tfl RNOL Nbt.

]fl Rtntl onhclm tk engl kut hts ohrst nrjueldt7 tfl ruchdj wkucm fnvl `lld npprkprhntl. Ndm

ylt, Iumjl Rgrltdy uslm tfl Ektflr Ikdls `ckj ns pnrt ko hts rnthkdncl tk upfkcm tfl RNOL

Nbt ns bkdsthtuthkdnc hd sbkpl ndm nppchbnthkd.


20/36

Zfnt tfl Rtntl Zndts Xku tk @lchlvl Qnjl ><

Zfhcl ht hs typhbnc okr iumhbhnc mlbhshkds tk `l rldmlrlm kd ekthkds, ht hs n`dkrenc okr n

mlbhshkd tk `l ndbfkrlm tk nd hdnmehssh`cl ndm dkd-prk`nthvl wrhtl-up orke tfl Hdtlrdlt.

]fl Mhstrhbt Bkurt Iumjl mhm iust tfnt wfld fl ruclm hd onvkr ko tfl Rtntl hd tfl Mlbhshkd ndm

Krmlr tfnt hs dkw kd npplnc.

Rk iust wfk mhm bkdmubt ndy nbtunc rlslnrbf hdtk –nssnuct wlnpkds― ndm wfltflr

cljhscnthvl rlstrhbthkds kd jud kwdlrsfhp fnvl ndy mhrlbt bkrrlcnthkd tk n rlmubthkd hd jud

vhkcldbl; Lssldthnccy, twk plkpcl hd tfl \dhtlm Rtntls bnd ikhdtcy bcnhe tfnt brlmldthnc ndm

kdl ko tfle sfkwlm up okr tfl Rtntl. \dokrtudntlcy, hd sphtl ko fhs krhjhdnc >886 rlslnrbf

`lhdj –hdbkdbcushvl,― fl suppkrtlm tfl RNOL Nbt ndywny.

2`. Gkplr‘s Hdbkdbcushvl Plslnrbf ‒ Fl Mklsd‘t Rtndm @y Fheslco

]flrl fns kdcy `lld kdl phlbl ko olmlrnc cljhscnthkd tk usl tfl tlre –nssnuct wlnpkd―

ndm tfnt wns tfl –Qu`chb Rnolty ndm Plbrlnthkdnc Ohrlnres \sl Qrktlbthkd Nbt,―== n su`thtcl

orke tfl –_hkcldt Brhel Bkdtrkc ndm Cnw Ldokrbleldt Nbt ko >88=.―=88= Nssnuct Zlnpkds @nd bkdtnhdlm n jrndmontflrhdj prkvhshkd ndm

bkdtnhdlm n >1-ylnr sudslt prkvhshkd. Ht lxphrlm hd 011=. Ht wns dkt lxtldmlm. Ndm, tfl

lookrts onhclm hd 01>2 `y Rld. Olhdstlhd tk ldnbt n dlw `nd.

Hd 0111, Dlw Xkrg pnsslm n stntl-clvlc vlrshkd ko tfl >88= olmlrnc cljhscnthkd.=?

Ht hdbcumlm DX Qldnc Cnw §0?


21/36

Qnjl >? ]fl Rtntl‘s Bnsl hd DXRPQN vs. Bukek9

]fl Rtntl hd hts @rhlo rlprlsldts tfnt Bkdjrlss bkdmubtlm –ohvl ylnrs― ko flnrhdjs

prhkr tk pnssnjl ko tfl >88= Nssnuct Zlnpkds @nd.=:, =6 Zfhcl ht hs trul tfnt vnrhkus lnrchlr

vlrshkds ko nd –nssnuct wlnpkds `nd― wlrl hd vnrhkus stnjls nbrkss n ohvl-ylnr plrhkm, tflrl

wns kdcy kdl (>) pnrthnc mny ko tlsthekdy prlblmhdj pnssnjl ko tfl >88= Nssnuct Zlnpkds

@nd.=8 Hd hts @rhlo, ncc rlolrldbls `y tfl Rtntl‘s Nttkrdlys tk tlsthekdy prlblmhdj tfl

nmkpthkd ko tfl >88= Nssnuct Zlnpkds @nd nrl quktls tngld orke tfl trndsbrhpt ko n shdjcl,

pnrthnc mny ko flnrhdjs kd Nprhc 088= `lokrl >2 Ele`lrs ko tfl Fkusl ko

Plprlsldtnthvls, Ru`bkeehttll kd Brhel ndm Brhehdnc Iusthbl, udmlr tfl nusphbls ko tfl

Bkeehttll kd tfl Iumhbhnry,


22/36

Zfnt tfl Rtntl Zndts Xku tk @lchlvl Qnjl >:

]fl Rtntl, hd hts @rhlo, rlplntlmcy quktls orke tfl >88= Enikrhty stntleldt, enghdj ht

skudm ns ho Bkdjrlss fnm nbtunccy bkdmubtlm sbhldthohb rlslnrbf hd n cn`krntkry. Ht mhm dkt.

Ndm tfl –quktls― uslm `y tfl Rtntl tldm tk `l wkrms quhctlm tkjltflr orke tfl Enikrhty

stntleldt whtfkut jkhdj `nbg tk tfl nbtunc tlsthekdy ko tfl hdmhvhmunc. @lbnusl tfl Enikrhty

stntleldt tndjcls up tfl wkrms ko tfl hdmhvhmuncs, tfl Rtntl‘s Nttkrdlys tngl ht lvld ourtflr

nwny orke bkdshmlrnthkd ko tfl plrskd wfk spkgl, tflhr qunchohbnthkds, ndm tfl nmehssh`hchty

kr prk`nthvl vncul ko tflhr kphdhkd.

Clt‘s ckkg nt kdl sldtldbl orke tfl Rtntl‘s @rhlo ns nd lxnepcl ‒ n sldtldbl tfnt wns

ncsk quktlm `y Iumjl Rgrltdy hd fhs Mhstrhbt Bkurt Mlbhshkd ndm Krmlr. Ndm fl engls bclnr fhs pkshthkd tfnt –…subf fkrrh`cl wlnpkds ko

mlstrubthkd slrvl dk pu`chb jkkm ndm fnvl dk pcnbl hd n bhvhchzlm skbhlty.―?0

Zfnt hs pnrthbucnrcy hdtlrlsthdj n`kut Mr. Ehczend‘s mlchvlry hs tfnt fl lxprlsscy

mlbchdls tk prkvhml ndy –stnthsthbnc mntn,― hdbcumhdj ndy sbhldthohb mntn kd –tfl hdbrlnslm


23/36


hdbhmldbl ko nssnuct wlnpkd hdiurhls ndm hdbrlnshdj prlvncldbl ko tflsl nssnuct wlnpkds hd

tfl fndms ko ykudj plrskds hdvkcvlm hd krjndhzlm brhel ndm dnrbkthbs brhel bnsls.―?2

Mr. Ehczend‘s prlsldbl `lokrl n Bkdjrlsshkdnc Ru`bkeehttll kd tfl lvl ko pnssnjl

ko tfl >88= Nssnuct Zlnpkds @nd nmmlm dktfhdj ekrl tfnd plrskdnc kphdhkd ‒ fkwlvlr

lckquldtcy stntlm. ]flsl wkrms hd n trhnc sltthdj wkucm kdcy nekudt tk kdl end‘s dnrrnthvl

n`kut fhs plrskdnc lxplrhldbl, trlnthdj vhbthes ko judsfkt wkudms. Ht wkucm fnvl dk

rlclvndbl tk qulsthkds n`kut tfl splbhohb typls ko ohrlnres uslm hd tfl bkeehsshkd ko enss

sfkkthdjs ‒ wfhbf rlenhds tfl `urmld tfnt tfl Rtntl eust kvlrbkel ndm mkls dkt.

Zl bnd hccustrntl tfhs snel prk`cle whtf tfl Rtntl‘s bcnhes nrkudm tfl >868 N]O

Zkrghdj Jrkup Plpkrt.

]flrl fnvl `lld okur N]O Zkrghdj Jrkups, >8?6, >868, >886,

ndm 01>>. Lnbf jrkup wns `rkujft tkjltflr mhoolrldt qulsthkds.

]fl >868 N]O Zkrghdj Jrkup wns bncclm tkjltflr hd rlspkdsl tk

n tlepkrnry suspldshkd ko tfl hepkrt ko slvlrnc engls ko rhocls

tfnt wlrl mltlrehdlm tk `l –…slehnutkenthb vlrshkds ko trul

slclbthvl ohrl ehchtnry nssnuct rhocls.―?= ]fl >868 Plpkrt?868 Plpkrt, tfl Ohrlnres Lvncunthkd Qndlc fnm okbuslm upkd lvncunthdj fndmjuds

udmlr tfl –spkrthdj purpksls― tlst.?6 ]flrl wns ncsk n pnhr ko N]O Puchdjs hd >86= rlcnthvl

tk sfktjuds.?8


24/36

Zfnt tfl Rtntl Zndts Xku tk @lchlvl Qnjl >8

]fl eltfkmkckjy ko tfl >868 N]O Zkrghdj Jrkup hdbcumlm tfl usl ko survlys ndm n

rlvhlw ko nmvlrthshdj ndm enrglthdj entlrhncs.:1 Flrl‘s kdl lxnepcl ko wfnt tfl Zkrghdj

Jrkup mhm whtf tfl rlspkdshvl hdokrenthkd9

–]fl rlbkeeldmnthkds ko lmhtkrs wlrl bkdtrnmhbtkry. Kdl lmhtkr

pkhdtlm kut tfnt wfnt enml tfl nssnuct rhocl subblssouc ns n

ehchtnry wlnpkd enml tfl slehnutkenthb vlrshkd tktnccy udoht okr

ndy ktflr usl. Kd tfl ktflr fndm, ndktflr lmhtkr stntlm tfnt

slehnutkenthb rhocls fnm blrtnhd nmvndtnjls kvlr bkdvldthkdnc

spkrthdj rhocls lsplbhnccy okr tfl pfyshbnccy mhsn`clm ndm clot-

fndmlm sfkktlrs. Zfhcl tfhs eny ̀ l trul, tflrl npplnrs tk `l dk

nmvndtnjl tk ushdj n slehnutkenthb nssnuct rhocl ns kppkslm tk nslehnutkenthb spkrthdj rhocl.―:>

]fl mntn slt okr tfhs bkeeldt hs n tktnc ko twk enjnzhdl lmhtkrs (uddnelm), nrthbucnthdj twk

kppkshdj kphdhkds. ]fl Zkrghdj Jrkup shepcy tkssls kut tfl hdput tfnt mklsd‘t oht tfl

bkdbcushkd ht hdtldms tk mrnw.

Gllp hd ehdm tfnt tfl Zfhtl Fkusl hssulm tfl hepkrt suspldshkd ohrst ndm tfld

bkdvldlm tfl >868 N]O Zkrghdj Jrkup whtf tfl lxprlss purpksl ko ohdmhdj suppkrt okr n

plrendldt `nd. Bkeeldts nekdj Zfhtl Fkusl Rtnoo nt tfl thel rlvlnc tfhs trul purpksl hd

bkdvldhdj tfl N]O Zkrghdj Jrkup9

–]fl ohdnc trnbg, wfhbf hs lxplbtlm tk tngl >01 mnys, whcc okbus

kd tfl nbtunc purpksl ndm usl okr wfhbf tflsl wlnpkds nrl

nbquhrlm. ]fhs prkblss whcc hdbcuml n dnthkdwhml survly ko tfl

`uylrs ndm uslrs ko tflsl wlnpkds. ]fhs trnbg koolrs tfl `lst

bfndbl okr nbquhrhdj hdokrenthkd suppkrthdj ekmhohbnthkd ko tfl

spkrthdj purpksls tlst tk prkfh`ht tfl hepkrtnthkd ko tflsl

wlnpkds.―:0

Nt tfl snel thel, tfl N]O Jldlrnc Bkudslc‘s Koohbl wns sbrne`chdj tk bkepcltl n

Mlbcnrnthkd tk `l shjdlm `y tfl N]O Mhrlbtkr, okr nd udsplbhohlm Mhstrhbt Bkurt bnsl. Zfhtl

Fkusl Rtnoo wns bkdblrdlm tfly wkucm `l sulm ndm tfly wndtlm tk `l rlnmy. N mrnot wns


25/36


prlpnrlm ndm bhrbucntlm tk tfl N]O Jldlrnc Bkudslc‘s koohbl, hdbcumhdj tfhs pnrnjrnpf,

wfhbf wns rlmchdlm tk mlcltl9

–>2. W;;Heelmhntl nbthkd whtf rlsplbt tk tfl hepkrtnthkd ko tfl

spkrtlrhzlm vlrshkds ko slehnutkenthb nssnuct-typl rhocls hs

dlblssnry shdbl tflsl wlnpkds eny `l uslm hd brhel ndm nrl n

tfrlnt tk pu`chb snolty. (BPHEL LVNEQCLR);;U.―

]fl fndmwrhttld dktl heelmhntlcy okcckwhdj snys,

–N]O bnddkt ohdm lxnepcls + tfhs pnrnjrnpf whcc `l mlcltlm.―:2

Fkw mk wl ndncyzl tfhs pnrthbucnrcy mnedhdj rlenrg orke >868 orke tfl N]O Jldlrnc

Bkudslc‘s Koohbl hd tfl bkdtlxt ko tfl burrldt bnsl; ]fl olmlrnc jkvlrdeldt mhm dkt fnvl tfl

dlblssnry mntn kd ohrlnres uslm hd brhels tk suppkrt hts hepkrt `nd hd >868 ndm Dlw Xkrg

mkls dkt fnvl tfl mntn tk suppkrt hts –nssnuct wlnpkds― `nd hd 01>2.

Ns pnrt ko tfl >88= `nd, Bkdjrlss mhrlbtlm tfnt n stumy `l bkeehsshkdlm tk nsslss tfl

hepnbt, ho ndy, ko tfl stntutl. ]flrl wns kdl stumy bkepcltlm.:= Hd tfl >88: rlpkrt,

bk-nutfkr Bfrhstkpflr Er. Gkplr bkdbcumlm –Nt `lst, tfl nssnuct wln pkds `nd bnd fnvl kdcy

n chehtlm loolbt kd tktnc jud eurmlrs, `lbnusl tfl `nddlm wlnpkds ndm enjnzhdls wlrl

dlvlr hdvkcvlm hd ekrl tfnd n ekmlst ornbthkd ko ncc jud eurmlrs.―:88: ohdmhdjs `y wrhthdj –]fl

loolbt ko tfl olmlrnc rlstrhbthkds wns kdcy `ljhddhdj tk `l olct wfld tfl olmlrnc stntutl

lxphrlm hd 011=…―:? Zfnt Er. Gkplr nmehts hd fhs 01>2 Mlbcnrnthkd hs tfnt –…tfl `nd mhm

dkt npplnr tk fnvl n elnsurn`cl loolbt kd kvlrncc jud brhel murhdj tfl chehtlm thel ht wns hd

loolbt…―::


26/36

Zfnt tfl Rtntl Zndts Xku tk @lchlvl Qnjl 0>

Er. Gkplr shjdlm n Mlbcnrnthkd okr tfl Rtntl dkt `lbnusl fl

bkdbcumlm tfnt jud bkdtrkc stntutls chgl tfl olmlrnc `nd kd –nssnuct

wlnpkds― wns subblssouc nt rlmubhdj hccljnc jud usl, `ut `lbnusl

tfl RNOL Nbt bkucm –bkdblhvn`cy― mk sk.:6 ]fl `lst Er. Gkplr

fns tk koolr hs –…fnm tfl olmlrnc `nd rlenhdlm hd loolbt ckdjlr (kr

wlrl ht rldlwlm), ht bkucm bkdblhvn`cy fnvl yhlcmlm shjdhohbndt

nmmhthkdnc skbhltnc `ldlohts ns wlcc…―:8 Er. Gkplr‘s stntleldt

nekudts tk splbucnthkd ndm wkucm `l hdnmehssh`cl hd n trhnc sltthdj.

Ndm ylt, wl ohdm hd tfl Mlbhshkd ndm Krmlr ko Iumjl Rgrltdy tfl okcckwhdj, –@lbnusl

Dlw Xkrg‘s rljucnthkds nrl thjftlr tfnd tfksl hd tfl olmlrnc `nd, WEr. GkplrU `lchlvls, quhtl

rlnskdn`cy, tfnt tfl noolbt ( shb) whcc `l jrlntlr.― Er. Gkplr mhm dkt lvld `ljhd tk splbucntl

tfnt tflrl bkucm `l subf n rlsuct, mhrlbtcy ndm splbhohbnccy, hd n rlmubthkd ko enss sfkkthdjs.

2b. ]fl Rflppnrm –Mlbcnrnthkd― ‒ –\pkd Hdokrenthkd ndm @lchlo―

]fl slbkdm ko tfl Rtntl‘s nrjueldts hs tfnt pnssnjl ko tfl RNOL Nbt wns tk bcksl

–ckkpfkcls.―61 ]fl Rtntl rlplntlmcy engls tfhs bcnhe hd hts @rhlo, ndm engls ht splbhohbnccy

n`kut tfl brhels tfnt kbburrlm hd Zl`stlr, DX kd Mlble`lr 0=, 01>0.

]fl Rtntl trhls tk schp hd kdl whtdlss wfk bcnhes tfnt tfl ohrlnre uslm hd tfl Zl`stlr

sfkkthdj wkucm dkt fnvl qunchohlm ns nd –nssnuct wlnpkd― udmlr tfl prlmlblsskr vlrshkd ko

tfl rlclvndt prkvhshkd ko tfl RNOL Nbt, Qldnc Cnw §0?


27/36


]flrl hs n su`stndthnc mhoolrldbl `ltwlld wfnt n cnwylr bnd wrhtl hd ekthkd pnplrs

ndm wfnt n whtdlss bnd tlsthoy tk hd bkurt, ndm tfnt due`lr kdl mhoolrldbl hs shjdnclm `y tfl

usl ko tfl pfrnsl –upkd hdokrenthkd ndm `lchlo.― ]fhs cljnc pfrnsl ncckws tfl cnwylr tk wrhtl

nccljnthkds `nslm upkd wfnt n plrskd `lchlvls tk `l trul, lvld ho tfl whtdlss mkls dkt fnvl

plrskdnc gdkwclmjl tfnt ht‘s trul.

–\pkd hdokrenthkd ndm ̀ lchlo― hs n mndjlrkus pfrnsl. Zfld n chthjnthkd nttkrdly slls

tfnt pfrnsl hd n wrhttld stntleldt, ht hs n shjdnc tk nttnbg `lbnusl ht rlprlsldts n wlngdlss hd

tfl kppkdldt‘s bnsl. Hd jldlrnc, wfld n cnwylr fns n orhldmcy whtdlss whtf plrskdnc

gdkwclmjl, ht hs tfnt plrskd wfk shjds tfl noohmnvht. Cnwylrs jldlrnccy usl tflhr `lst

whtdlssls ns lnrcy ns pkssh`cl `lbnusl ht rlmubls tfl pkssh`hchty ko lxbcushkd ndm hdbrlnsls

tfl kmms ko swnyhdj iumhbhnc kphdhkd lnrcy kd.

]fl whtdlss nt hssul hs n okrelr Pkbflstlr Bfhlo ko Qkchbl, wfk, whtf ekrl tfnd 21

ylnrs ko lxplrhldbl, wns whcchdj tk shjd n Mlbcnrnthkd nccljhdj,

–\pkd hdokrenthkd ndm `lchlo, prhkr tk ldnbteldt ko tfl RNOLNbt, tfl @usfenstlr wlnpkd uslm tk subf mlvnstnthdj loolbt hd

Zl`stlr, mhm dkt ellt tfl mlohdhthkd ko nd nssnuct wlnpkd udmlr

Dlw Xkrg cnw.―6> (lepfnshs nmmlm)

Dkwflrl hd tfl Mlbcnrnthkd ko Er. Rflppnrm mkls fl hdmhbntl tfnt fl plrskdnccy

lxnehdlm tfl ohrlnres uslm hd tfl bkeehsshkd ko tfl brhel hd Zl`stlr, dkr mkls fl hdmhbntl

fl rlvhlwlm ndy cnw ldokrbleldt pfktkjrnpfs, dkr mkls fl hdmhbntl fl rlvhlwlm ndy rlpkrts

wrhttld `y cnw ldokrbleldt.

Zfy mkls tfhs enttlr; Ho wl `ckbg nmehssh`hchty ko tfhs nccljnthkd, tfl Rtntl fns

prlsldtlm dk lvhmldbl hd suppkrt ko tflhr –ckkpfkcl― tflkry ko cljhscnthvl dlblsshty. ]fl

Rtntl fns onhclm tk lstn`chsf tfl slbkdm ko hts twk nrjueldts ndm tflhr rlqulst tk tfl bkurt

eust `l mldhlm.


28/36


Lxblpt, tfnt‘s dkt wfnt fnppldlm hd tfl Mhstrhbt Bkurt.

Hrkdhbnccy, Mhstrhbt Bkurt Iumjl Rgrltdy bkdshmlrlm Er. Rflpnrm n brlmh`cl ndm

wlhjfty whtdlss, rlolrldbhdj fhe hd tfl Mlbhshkd ndm Krmlr ns okcckws9 –]fl Bfhlo ko Qkchbl

okr tfl Pkbflstlr Qkchbl Mlpnrteldt ( shb) lxprlssls shehcnr sldtheldts, stnthdj tfnt nssnuct

wlnpkds –nrl mlshjdlm okr kdl purpksl ‒ tk loohbhldtcy ghcc duelrkus plkpcl.―60 Iumjl

Rgrltdy wrhtls kd n vlry `nshb clvlc n`kut ohrlnres, lqunthdj lvlry ekmlrd rhocl, sfktjud, kr

phstkc whtf tfl tlre –nssnuct wlnpkd― ndm lqunthdj –nssnuct wlnpkds― whtf –enss

sfkkthdjs.―

=. ]FL QPK@CLER BPLN]LM @X ]FL R]N]L.

Hd tfhs Zfhtl Qnplr, wl‘vl tngld tfl tkp nrjueldts nmvndblm `y tfl Rtntl hd hts @rhlo

tk tfl Rlbkdm Bhrbuht Bkurt ko Npplncs ndm rlvhlwlm tfle hd tfl bkdtlxt ko tfl Plbkrm kd

Npplnc, nmmhdj hdokrenthkd wflrl dlblssnry tk slt tfl rlbkrm strnhjft. Zl‘vl bfnccldjlm

wfltflr tfl Rtntl fns prlsldtlm ndy bnsl nt ncc tk suppkrt hts bcnhes tfnt ht wns dlblssnry tk

pnss tfl RNOL Nbt tk rlmubl enss sfkkthdjs ndm tk bcksl ckkpfkcls.

]fl Rtntl gdlw, jkhdj hdtk hts npplccntl `rhlo, tfnt ht fnm strubg n bfkrm whtf tfl

Mhstrhbt Bkurt Iumjl. Okr Iumjl Rgrltdy, tfl bkdbcushkd wns –]flrl tfus bnd ̀ l dk slrhkus

mhsputl tfnt tfl vlry olnturls tfnt hdbrlnsl n wlnpkd‘s uthchty okr slco -mloldsl ncsk hdbrlnsls

hts mndjlrkusdlss tk tfl pu`chb nt cnrjl.―62 ]fl Rtntl‘s @rhlo zlrks hd kd tfl cndjunjl ko

fystlrhn, prkvhmhdj chttcl tk dk onbtunc hdokrenthkd. Ht‘s nd npprknbf bkdshstldt whtf jud

bkdtrkc nmvkbntls shdbl nt clnst >868 ndm ht‘s nd np prknbf tfnt wns cnrjlcy subblssouc hd tfl

ohrst rkudm hd bkurt.

]fl prk`cle okr suppkrtlrs ko tfl Rlbkdm Neldmeldt hs tfnt tfl cndjunjl ko jud

bkdtrkc wns nmkptlm ndm ldmkrslm `y Iumjl Rgrltdy hd fhs Mlbhshkd ndm Krmlr. ]fl

mltlrehdnthkd nt tfl Rlbkdm Bhrbuht Bkurt ko Npplncs whcc `l enml `y n pndlc ko tfrll


29/36

Qnjl 0= ]fl Rtntl‘s Bnsl hd DXRPQN vs. Bukek9

iumjls. ]flhr mlbhshkd whcc `hdm tfl jlkjrnpfhb rljhkd `kudmlm `y tflhr iurhsmhbthkd ndm `l

nmvhskry tk ktflrs. N mltlrehdnthkd `y tfl \dhtlm Rtntls Ruprlel Bkurt wkucm, ko bkursl,

`l n mltlrehdnthkd okr tfl dnthkd, ns n wfkcl.

]flrl whcc `l twk plrshstldt prk`cles whtf tfl Rtntl‘s su`ehsshkds okr n iumjl wfk

trhls tk bkdmubt n tfkrkujf ndncyshs ko tfl hssul ndm dkt shepcy subbue` tk mrnenthb

vlr`hnjl. Ohrst, tfl iumjl whcc dkt fnvl suoohbhldt onbtunc hdokrenthkd tk prkplrcy lvncuntl tfl

Rtntl‘s bcnhes. ]flkrlthbnccy, tfhs sfkucm rlsuct hd n mldhnc ko tfl Rtntl‘s rlqulst okr

sueenry iumjeldt upfkcmhdj tfl –nssnuct wlnpkds― prkvhshkd ko tfl RNOL Nbt. ]fhs fns

dkt fnppldlm tfus onr hd tfrll stntls. Rlbkdm, iumjls prlolr tk rucl kd tfl elrhts ndm nrl

udchglcy tk mhsehss n enttlr ko subf jrlnt hepkrtndbl. ]fhs, tkk, sfkucm jk njnhdst tfl Rtntl

ns dk iumjl hs bkeokrtn`cl enghdj n ruchdj whtfkut prkplr hdokrenthkd ns pnrt ko tfl rlbkrm.

@ut kur bkeeldtnry hd tfhs cnst slbthkd nssuels tfnt nt skel clvlc, skel iumjl kr

enikrhty ko iumjls, qulccs ndy olnrs fl kr sfl eny lxplrhldbl kd n plrskdnc clvlc tk okbus

upkd tfl bkdsthtuthkdnc cnw hssuls `lokrl tfle. ]fl Rlbkdm Neldmeldt ehjft mntl tk >:8>7

tflsl mlbhshkds nrl kdls ko –ohrst heprlsshkd― ndm nrl sltthdj brhthbnc prlblmldts.


30/36

Zfnt tfl Rtntl Zndts Xku tk @lchlvl Qnjl 0<

]fl Rtntl‘s npprknbf wkrgs ho n iumjl hs ncsk nornhm ko ohrlnres `lbnusl tfld tfl Rtntl

ndm tfl iumjl nrl splnghdj tfl snel cndjunjl. ]fl Rtntl‘s prlsldtnthkd rlskdntlm whtf

Iumjl Rgrltdy, n iumjl wfk `ljnd fhs mlbhshkd whtf –Hd rlspkdsl tk tfl trnjhb ndm

hdbkeprlfldsh`cl sfkkthdj nt Rndmy Fkkg Lcleldtnry…―6= ndm wldt kd tk usl wkrms chgl

–orhjftldhdjcy,― –bnrdnjl,―6


31/36

Qnjl 0? ]fl Rtntl‘s Bnsl hd DXRPQN vs. Bukek9

n Iusthbl Glddlmy fnm subf n ekeldt ko

plrskdnc trndsbldmldbl. Nt hssul tfld wns wfltflr tfl `urdhdj ko tfl \dhtlm Rtntls ocnj wns

prktlbtlm pkchthbnc spllbf udmlr tfl Ohrst Neldmeldt ko tfl \.R. Bkdsthtuthkd ‒ nd hmln ekst

ko us ohdm rlpujdndt. Bkdburrhdj ns pnrt ko tfl enikrhty hd nd noohrenthvl mlbhshkd, Iusthbl

Rtlvlds wrktl9

–]fl fnrm onbt hs tfnt skelthels wl eust engl mlbhshkds wl mk

dkt chgl. Zl engl tfle `lbnusl tfly nrl rhjft, rhjft hd tfl sldsl

tfnt tfl cnw ndm tfl Bkdsthtuthkd, ns wl sll tfle, bkeplc tflrlsuct. Ndm sk jrlnt hs kur bkeehteldt tk tfl prkblss tfnt,

lxblpt hd tfl rnrl bnsl, wl mk dkt pnusl tk lxprlss mhstnstl okr tfl

rlsuct, plrfnps okr olnr ko udmlrehdhdj n vnculm prhdbhpcl tfnt

mhbtntls tfl mlbhshkd. ]fhs hs kdl ko tfksl rnrl bnsls.―80

Fl wns rhjft tfld, ndm fhs nrthbucnthkd ko iumhbhnc pfhckskpfy rlenhds n phccnr okr tfl njls.

Iusthbl Glddlmy bkdthduls hd fhs rkcl ko Nsskbhntl Iusthbl ko tfl \.R. Ruprlel Bkurt.

Ht rlenhds tk `l slld wfltflr fl ndm fhs bkcclnjuls ko tfl fhjf bkurt whcc le`kmy tfhs

pfhckskpfy hd tflhr mltlrehdnthkd.


32/36

Zfnt tfl Rtntl Zndts Xku tk @lchlvl Qnjl 0:

LDMDK]LR> DXR Bkdsthtuthkd, Nrt. HHH, Rlb. >= (vhlw nt tfl DX Mlpnrteldt ko Rtntl wl`shtl, –]fl Bkdsthtuthkd ko tfl Rtntl ko Dlw

Xkrg,― nbblsslm 18/>0/01>= nt fttps9//www.mks.dy.jkv/hdok/bkdsthtuthkd.fte).

0 Koohbhnc wl`shtl ko tfl DXR Rldntl, Pucls Bkeehttll, –Bkeehttll Ellthdj9 Pucls Ellthdj― (Indunry >=, 01>2)7

nbblsslm 18/>0/01>= nt fttp9//www.dysldntl.jkv/lvldt/01>2/ind/>=/rucls-ellthdj.

2 Koohbhnc wl`shtl ko tfl DXR Rldntl, –Rlsshkd9 Rldntl Rlsshkd 1>->=->27― nbblsslm 18/>0/01>= nt

fttp9//www.dysldntl.jkv/lvldt/01>2/ind/>=/sldntl-slsshkd-1>->=->27 sll ncsk Koohbhnc wl`shtl ko tfl DXR Rldntl,

–R0021-01>29 Ldnbts tfl DX RNOL Nbt ko 01>2,― nbblsslm 18/>0/01>= nt

fttp9//kpld.dysldntl.jkv/cljhscnthkd/`hcc/s0021-01>2.

= Koohbhnc wl`shtl ko tfl DXR Nssle`cy, –Chvl Rtrlne ko Cljhscnthvl Qrkbllmhdjs9 Nrbfhvlm _hmlks (>->2 Rlsshkd)―

(prhdtlm trndsbrhpt vlrshkd), nbblsslm 18/>0/01>= ntfttp9//dystntlnssle`cy.jrndhbus.bke/Mkbueldt_hlwlr.pfp;ohcl5dystntlnssle`cy[l>8>88:o8o&sfkwpmo5>.

2, nbblsslm 18/>0/01>= nt

fttp9//kpld.dysldntl.jkv/cljhscnthkd/`hcc/s0021-01>2.

? Koohbhnc wl`shtl ko Dlw Xkrg Jkvlrdkr Ndmrlw E. Bukek, –Jkvlrdkr Bukek Rhjds Jrkudm`rlnghdj Cljhscnthkd ]fnt

Zhcc Jhvl Dlw Xkrg Rtntl tfl ]kujflst Qrktlbthkds Njnhdst Jud _hkcldbl hd tfl Dnthkd― (Indunry >2)7 nbblsslm

18/>0/01>= nt fttp9//www.jkvlrdkr.dy.jkv/prlss/1>>2-kutchdl-ko-dys-jrkudm`rlnghdj-jud-cljhscnthkd.

: Olmlrnc Pucls ko Npplccntl Qrkblmurl, Pucl 2, –Npplnc ns ko Phjft.―

6 Pucls ko tfl Ruprlel Bkurt ko tfl \dhtlm Rtntls, Pucl >0, –Plvhlw kd Blrthkrnrh9 Fkw Rkujft7 Qnrthls.―

8 \.R. Ruprlel Bkurt wl`shtl, –Bnsls kd Mkbglt, Mhspkslm ko, ndm Plenhdhdj kd Mkbglt nt Bkdbcushkd ko Kbtk`lr

]lres, 0116 tfrkujf 01>0,― nbblsslm 18/>0/01>= nt

fttp9//www.usbkurts.jkv/usbkurts/Rtnthsthbs/Iumhbhnc@ushdlss/01>2/nppldmhbls/N1>Rlp>2.pmo .

>1 Iust tk jhvl nd hmln ko fkw olw bnsls rlnbf tfl \.R. Ruprlel Bkurt, okr tfl >0-ekdtf plrhkm ldmhdj Rlptle`lr 21,

01>2 tflrl wlrl 06=,?1= bhvhc bnsls ohclm hd Mhstrhbt Bkurt ndm


33/36


>6 Mlbhshkd ndm Krmlr (Rgrltdy, I., Mlble`lr 2>, 01>2), hm.

>8 Ektflr Ikdls wl`shtl, –Nelrhbn \dmlr tfl Jud9 N Rplbhnc Plpkrt kd Jud Cnws ndm tfl Phsl ko Enss Rfkkthdjs―(nbblsslm 18/>0/01>= nt fttp9//www.ektflrikdls.bke/splbhnc-rlpkrts/01>0/>0/juds-hd-nelrhbn-enss-sfkkthdjs).

01 Rll, jldlrnccy, fttps9//`ltn.bkdjrlss.jkv/`hcc/>>2tf-bkdjrlss/sldntl-`hcc/>0/01>=.

0> Ektflr Ikdls wl`shtl, –Zfnt hs Ektflr Ikdls;― (nbblsslm 16/0= nt fttp9//www.ektflrikdls.bke/n`kut).

00 Dktl hs enml tfnt tfl Rtntl‘s bnsl ncsk hdbcumls n phlbl `y Enykrs Njnhdst Hccljnc Juds, thtclm –Ndncyshs ko Plbldt

Enss Rfkkthdjs,― wfhbf bcnhes tk fnvl put tkjltflr hdbhmldts –hmldthohn`cl tfrkujf O@H mntn ndm elmhn rlpkrts.― Ht

mkls dkt prkvhml ndy bhtnthkds `lykdm tfhs mlsbrhpthkd. Endy ko tfl hdbhmldts chst ohrlnres ns –udgdkwd― kr usl

pfrnsls chgl –twk sfktjuds― ndm –.=< bnch`lr fndmjud.― @lbnusl tfhs phlbl suoolrs orke tfl snel cnbg ko ohrlnres

hdokrenthkd ndm mntn hdtljrhty, wl mk dkt slpnrntlcy ndncyzl ht hd tfhs Zfhtl Qnplr. WRll N->066 tk N->21=.U

02 ]fl kdcy nsslrthkd `y tfl phlbl tfnt npplnrs tk fkcm rlslnrbf hdtljrhty hs tfl stntleldt `y Ektflr Ikdls tfnt

–\cthentlcy, –nssnuct wlnpkd― ndm –fhjf-bnpnbhty enjnzhdl― nrl pkchthbnc tlres ‒ tflrl hs dk koohbhnc kr whmlcy nbblptlm

mlohdhthkd okr lhtflr, ndm mhoolrldt cljhscnthkd fns trlntlm tfle mhoolrldtcy.― WN ->06=.U

0= N->06= tk N->06:.

0, 01>2), suprn, p. 08.

0? Mlbhshkd ndm Krmlr (Rgrltdy, I., Mlble`lr 2>, 01>2), hm., p. 08.

0: Mlbhshkd ndm Krmlr (Rgrltdy, I., Mlble`lr 2>, 01>2), hm., pp. 22 ndm 2?.

06 N->.

22 Hm.

2= Mul tk spnbl bkdshmlrnthkds, wl nrl dkt rlvhlwhdj lvlry phlbl uslm `y tfl Rtntl kr hts whtdlssls hd tfhs Zfhtl Qnplr.

Fkwlvlr, ht hs wkrtf dktfhdj tfnt tfl Qrlshmldt ko tfl Bhthzlds Brhel Bkeehsshkd hs Er. Phbfnrm E. N`krd, wfksl

brlmldthncs kd tfl jrkup wl`shtl hdbcuml tfnt fl wns tfl Qrlshmldt ko Fndmjud Bkdtrkc, Hdb. (dkw tfl –@rnmy

Bnepnhjd―) orke >880 ‒ >88?, –tfl clnmhdj jud bkdtrkc nmvkbnby krjndhznthkd hd tfl \dhtlm Rtntls.― ]fl wl` pnjl

jkls kd tk sny –Hd tfhs rkcl, Er. N`krd wns kdl ko tfl prhdbhpnc strntljhsts `lfhdm tfl pnssnjl ko tfl cndmenrg @rnmy

@hcc ndm cljhscnthkd `nddhdj nssnuct wlnpkds ndm cnrjl bnpnbhty bchps.― ]fl jrkup hs slco -mlsbrh`lm kd hts wl`shtl ns

–dkd-pnrthsnd.― (Nbblsslm 8/>0/01>= nt fttp9//www.dybrhelbkeehsshkd.krj/n`krd.pfp.)

2.

2? Dktn`cy, tfl Ektflr Ikdls tn`cl mkls dkt hdbcuml tfl brhehdnc hdbhmldt hd Zl`stlr, Dlw Xkrg orke Mlble`lr 0=,

01>0, prlsuen`cy ns dkt ohtthdj hts ehdheue ontnchty bkudt ko okur kr ekrl hd n shdjcl hdbhmldt. Zl eldthkd tfhs

`lbnusl tfl brhehdnc hdbhmldt tfnt kbburrlm hd Zl`stlr hd 01>0 olnturls prkehdldtcy hd tfl Rtntl‘s @rhlo, ndm wl wndt

tk engl bclnr ht hs dkt pnrt ko tfl Ektflr Ikdls `ckj.

2: ]fl kdl okktdktl rlolrldbls n Dlw Xkrg ]hels nrthbcl ndm n XDD wrhtl-up.

26 N-?>:.

28 N-?>8.

=1 N->06=.

http://www.motherjones.com/special-reports/2012/12/guns-in-america-mass-shootingshttp://www.motherjones.com/special-reports/2012/12/guns-in-america-mass-shootingshttp://www.motherjones.com/special-reports/2012/12/guns-in-america-mass-shootingshttps://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-bill/150https://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-bill/150https://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-bill/150http://www.motherjones.com/abouthttp://www.motherjones.com/abouthttp://www.motherjones.com/abouthttp://www.nycrimecommission.org/aborn.phphttp://www.nycrimecommission.org/aborn.phphttp://www.nycrimecommission.org/aborn.phphttp://www.nycrimecommission.org/aborn.phphttp://www.motherjones.com/abouthttps://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-bill/150http://www.motherjones.com/special-reports/2012/12/guns-in-america-mass-shootings


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=> Bnrl sfkucm `l tngld `y tfl rlnmlrs tfnt dkwflrl hd tfl Plbkrm kd Npplnc ndm dkwflrl hd tfl pnjls ko tfl Ektflr

Ikdls wl`shtl nrl tflrl n shdjcl rlolrldbl `y dnel ndm cnw ldokrbleldt njldby tk suppkrt tfhs nsslrthkd.

=0 Hm.

=2 N->0688= Nssnuct Zlnpkds @nd.― WHd rlclvndt pnrt nt N-?88 tk N-:>2.U

=12-200. N bkepcltl bkpy ko tfhs cljhscnthkd bnd `l slld nt fttp9//www.cljhswkrgs.krj/JQK/R]N]\]L-

>16-Qj>:8?.pmo 7 nbblsslm 18/>0/01>=.

=? N-802 tk N-826.

=: @rhlo okr tfl Rtntl, Iucy 08, 01>=, suprn, p. 88> ndm twk mnys ko tlsthekdy tngld hd >868.

]flsl ohvl tktnc mnys ko tlsthekdy rlcntl tk tfrll, mhoolrldt `hccs, tfl lnrchlr twk ko wfhbf onhclm tk pnss. N-:0:,

okktdktl 27 N-:2 Fkusl ko Plprlsldtnthvls, Ru`bkeehttll Flnrhdj, Nprhc 088=, suprn, p. =0.

?0 Fkusl ko Plprlsldtnthvls, Ru`bkeehttll Flnrhdj, Nprhc 088=, hm., p. =2.

?2 Fkusl ko Plprlsldtnthvls, Ru`bkeehttll Flnrhdj, Nprhc 088=, hm., p. =2.

?= N]O wl`shtl, –Elekrndmue― whtf –Plpkrt ndm Plbkeeldmnthkd ko tfl N]O Zkrghdj Jrkup kd tfl Hepkrtn`hchty ko

Blrtnhd Rlehnutkenthb Phocls― (mntlm Iucy ?, >868), p. 0/081>= nt

fttps9//www.nto.jkv/ohcls/ohrlnres/hdmustry/iucy->868-%01hepkrtn`hchty-ko-blrtnhd-slehnutkenthb-rhocls.pmo .

?868 Zkrghdj Jrkup Plpkrt, hm., pp. 0-2.

?? >6 \.R.B. §80= nt

fttp9//www.nto.jkv/ohcls/okres/mkwdcknm/nto-o-


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?6 N]O >868 Plpkrt, suprn, p. =.

?8 N]O Puchdj 8=->, –\RNR->0 Rfktjud ns DON Zlnpkd― ndm 8=-0 –Rtrhglr >0 Rfktjud Mlohdlm ns DON Zlnpkd,― `ktfmltlrehdhdj wfltflr blrtnhd sfktjuds qunchohlm okr rlstrhbthkds udmlr tfl Dnthkdnc Ohrlnres Nbt. Rll

fttps9//www.nto.jkv/rljucnthkds-ruchdjs/ruchdjs/hdmlx.ftec, nbblsslm 18/>0/01>=.

:1 N]O >868 Zkrghdj Jrkup Plpkrt, suprn, pp. >1->>.

:> N]O >868 Zkrghdj Jrkup Plpkrt, hm., p. >>.

:0 Zfhtl Fkusl –Elekrndmue okr tfl Qrlshmldt― (mntlm Dkvle`lr =, >88:), nutfkrlm `y Bfnrcls O.B. Puoo, @rubl

Pllm, ndm Pnfe Lendulc, kd tfl su`ilbt ko tfl –Rpkrtlrhzlm Nssnuct Zlnpkds Mhrlbthvl,― pnjl 0.

:2 Mrnot mkbueldt onbshehcl orke tfl koohbl ko tfl N]O Bfhlo Bkudslc, –Mlbcnrnthkd ko Ikfd Z. Enjnw, Mhrlbtkr, @urlnu

ko Ncbkfkc, ]k`nbbk ndm Ohrlnres, (onbshehcl mntlm >1/02/8:), p. 88=9 Ohdnc Plpkrt,― ]fl \r`nd Hdsthtutl (>88:), okudm nt N-20: tk N-==2.:.

81 @rhlo okr tfl Rtntl, Iucy 08, 01>=, hm, p. ?:.

8>

]lxns vs. Ikfdskd, =8> \.R. 28: (>868).80 Hm., =01-=0>.

https://www.atf.gov/regulations-rulings/rulings/index.htmlhttps://www.atf.gov/regulations-rulings/rulings/index.htmlhttps://www.atf.gov/regulations-rulings/rulings/index.html


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KPJNDHYN]HKD

Oucc dnel9 ]fl Rlbkdm Neldmeldt Bknchthkd

]fl Rlbkdm Neldmeldt Bknchthkd wns cnudbflm hd Iucy 01>= tk prkvhml nbburntl

hdokrenthkd kd ohrlnres tk tfl pu`chb ndm tk bke`nt tfl ehshdokrenthkd prkmublm `y jud

bkdtrkc nmvkbntls. Bkeprhslm ko ekrl tfnd 21 jrkups nt hts hdblpthkd, tfl Rlbkdm

Neldmeldt Bknchthkd whcc `l prkmubhdj krhjhdnc entlrhncs tk nmvndbl suppkrt okr tfl

Rlbkdm Neldmeldt. Hts Rlbkdm Neldmeldt Bknchthkd Plskurbl Bldtlr whcc `l n

stkrlfkusl okr pu`chb ndm prkprhltnry rlskurbl entlrhncs, ns wlcc ns fksthdj bkdolrldbls

ndm trnhdhdj.

Jrkups ndm hdmhvhmuncs tfnt suppkrt tfl bhvhc ch`lrthls le`kmhlm hd tfl Rlbkdm

Neldmeldt nrl ldbkurnjlm tk bkdtnbt us tfrkujf RBKQL nt (:>?) 8=>-206?,

www.RBKQLdy.krj.

N\]FKP

Oucc dnel9 Qncken N. Bnpnddn

]htcl9 Nttkrdly & Qkchby Ndncyst

Qncken hs nd nttkrdly ndm pkchby ndncyst hd prhvntl prnbthbl whtf ekrl tfnd 01 ylnrs ko

chthjnthkd lxplrhldbl nt tfl trhnc ndm npplccntl clvlcs hd stntl ndm olmlrnc bkurts. Flr

burrldt bchldts hdbcuml RBKQL, Lephrl Rtntl Nres Bkcclbtkrs, Jud Kwdlrs ko Nelrhbn,

ndm tfl Rlbkdm Neldmeldt Pnmhk Rfkw. Rfl rlbldtcy nutfkrlm nd Nehbus @rhlo tk tfl

Rlbkdm Bhrbuht Bkurt ko Npplncs hd tfl bnsl ko DXRPQN vs. Bukek. Lnrchlr tfhs ylnr, tfl

Pljldt Ikurdnc ko Cnw & Qu`chb Qkchby pu`chsflm Qncken‘s nrthbcl kd tfl Flcclr

–bkeekd usnjl― stndmnrm. Qncken hs ncsk pnrt ko tfl tlne nt Krbfhm Nmvhskrs, flcphdj

enduonbturlrs ko ohrlnres ndm neeudhthkd tk dnvhjntl tfl mlendms ko olmlrnc ndm stntlcnws ndm rljucnthkds. Qncken whcc `l splnghdj nt tfl Rlbkdm Neldmeldt Okudmnthkd

dnthkdnc bkdolrldbl cntlr tfhs ekdtf, ndm dlxt ekdtf nt tfl Krbfhm Nmvhskrs ohrst dnthkdnc

hdmustry bkdolrldbl.

the state's case in nysrpa vs. cuomo: what the state wants you to believe about the [un]safe act

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