the state - pknock.compknock.com/the state.pdf · direct democracy government in which all cizens...
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The State Popula'onAstatemusthavepeople,thenumberofwhichdoesnotdirectlyrelatetoitsexistence.
TerritoryAstatemustbecomprisedofland—territorywithknownandrecognizedboundaries.
SovereigntyEverystateissovereign.Ithassupremeandabsolutepowerwithinitsownterritoryanddecidesitsownforeignanddomes@cpolicies.
GovernmentEverystatehasagovernment—thatis,itispoli@callyorganized.
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Par@sanDifferencesoverImmigra@on
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Origins of the State The Force Theory • The force theory states that one person or a small group took control of an area and forced all within it to submit to that person’s or group’s rule.
The Evolutionary Theory • The evolutionary theory argues that the state evolved
naturally out of the early family. The Divine Right Theory • The theory of divine right holds that God created the
state and that God gives those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule.
The Social Contract Theory • The social contract theory argues that the state arose out
of a voluntary act of free people.
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What Is Government? Governmentistheins'tu'onthroughwhichasocietymakesandenforcesitspublicpolicies.
PublicPoliciesarethethingsthattheGovernmentdecidestodo.Examplesaretaxa'on,defense,educa'on,etc.
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Three Basic Powers of Government
Legisla'veThepowertomakelawandtoframepublicpolicies.Execu'vePowerthepowertoexecute,enforce,andadministerthelaws.
Judicialthepowertointerpretlaws,todeterminetheirmeaningandtoseCledisputesthatarisewithinthesociety.
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Defining Governmental Powers Cons'tu'onsArethebodyoffundamentallawsseFngouttheprinciples,structuresandprocessesofagovernment.
Mostbutnotallcountrieshaveacons'tu'onforthispurpose.
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Preamble of the Constitution of the United States: “We the People of the United States, in Order to: 1. form a more perfect Union, 2. establish Justice, 3. insure domestic Tranquility, 4. provide for the common defense, 5. promote the general Welfare, and 6. secure the Blessings of Liberty
to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”
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The 4 Types of
Governments
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Dictatorship/AutocracyOne-personrule.Rulerhastotalcontrol.Absolutemonarchsarealsodictatorships.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1.Peoplemaybeunitedintheirloyaltytoadictatorsincethereisnocompe@@onfortrustandaffec@on.
2.Inanemergency,[email protected]@meislostindebateordiscussion.
1.PeopleareaffordedliFleornoindividualliberty.Civilrightsaretrampledon.
2.Adictator’spoliciessuithis/herownneeds.Needsofthepeoplemaybeneglected.
3.Decisionmakinghasanarrowbase-canbeflawed,wrong,dangerous,andnotfullysupportedbythepeople.
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Oligarchy Formofgovernmentinwhichthepowerisinthehandsofafewpersonsorsmallgroup(whohavethecombinedpowerofadictator.)
1.Decisionscanbemaderela@velyquickly.2.Mayprovideexpertleadershipwhileavoidingthedangerofone-personrule.3.Intheory,theyarethemosteducatedmembersofsociety.4.Membersoftheoligarchylistentoeachother-theyworktogethertorule.
SameasDictatorship
(Needsandwantsofthepeoplearenotnecessarilyconsidered.)
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
DirectDemocracyGovernmentinwhichallci'zenshaveequalpowerindecisionmaking.
[email protected]@zenisinvolvedinthedecisionmaking.
2.Sinceallci@zensareinvolvedindecisionmaking,thereisabroadbaseofsupportandloyalty.
3.Individualliber@esareprotected.
1.Onlyworkswhenasmallnumberofpeopleareinvolved.Abilitytogatherallci@zensinoneplaceisnecessary.
2.Decisionmakinginvolvingallci@[email protected]@zensgivein-put,debate,etc...
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Representa've(Indirect) Democracy(Republic)Governmentinwhichpeopleelectrepresenta'veswhoholdthedecisionmakingpower.
1.Ci@zensareinvolvedindecisionmakingthroughtheirrepresenta@ves,lobbying,[email protected]@vesareawaretheirjobdependsonmee@ngtheneedsoftheircons@tuents.
3.Morelikelythatallelementsofthepopula@onarerepresented.
[email protected]@vestopleaseeveryonemaycripplesystem.
2.Representa@vesmaynotalwaysagreewiththosetheyrepresent.
3.Lackofinvolvedci@zenrymayallowspecialinterestgroupstoinfluenceordominaterepresenta@ves.
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• TheMeaningandSymbolismofDemocracy– OriginatedwiththeGreeks– Demos=commonpeople,Kratos=power– Greeksfeareddemocracy
• Demagogue-commonpeople,leader
– Twoschoolsofthoughttoday:• Democracyisaformofgovernment• Democracyisaproceduralapproach
Thetheoryofdemocra@cgovernment
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• TheProceduralViewofDemocracy– Universalpar@cipa@on
• Whoshouldpar@cipateindecisionmaking?
– Poli@calequality• Howmuchshouldeachpar@cipant’svotecount?
– Majorityrule• Howmanyvotesareneededtoreachadecision?
Thetheoryofdemocra@cgovernment
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• TheSubstan@veViewofDemocracy– Focusesonsubstance,notprocedures– BasedonBillofRightsandamendments
• Governmentshouldguaranteecivilliber@esandcivilrights
• Disagreementamongtheoristsoversocialrights– Conserva@veshavenarrowview– Liberalshavebroaderview
Thetheoryofdemocra@cgovernment
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Healthcare:government’sresponsibility?
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• TheMajoritarianModelofDemocracy– Governmentbymajorityofthepeople– Popularelec@onofgovernmentofficials– Elec@onsdecidegovernmentpolicies
• Referendum• Ini@a@ve• Recall
– Cri@cs:Americansnotknowledgeableenough– Defenders:Americanshavecoherentopinions
Copyright©2016CengageLearning.Allrightsreserved. 17
Ins@tu@onalmodelsofdemocracy
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• TheMajoritarianModelVersusthePluralistModel– Majoritarian
• Masspubliccontrolsgovernment• Reliesonmajorityrule• Cohesivepoli@calpar@es• Centralizedgovernment
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Ins@tu@onalmodelsofdemocracy
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• TheMajoritarianModelVersusthePluralistModel– Pluralist
• Reliesoninterestsofspecializedgroups• Limitsmajorityac@on• Decentralizedgovernment
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Ins@tu@onalmodelsofdemocracy
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• AnUndemocra@cModel:EliteTheory– Asmallgroupmakesmostimportantdecisions
• Governmentcontrolledbywealthy;businessconnec@ons
• Controlkeyfinancial,communica@ons,industrial,governmentins@tu@ons
• WouldcallU.S.anoligarchy• Difficulttotestvalidityoftheory
Copyright©2016CengageLearning.Allrightsreserved. 20
Ins@tu@onalmodelsofdemocracy
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• TwoModelsofDemocra@cGovernment– Majoritarian:representa@vegovernment
• Nogovernmentachievesresponsivenessdemanded
– Pluralist:respondtominorityinterests• Nogovernmentoffersequalaccesstoallcompe@nggroups
– Noconsensusonwhichispreferable
Copyright©2016CengageLearning.Allrightsreserved. 21
Theglobalchallengeofdemocra@za@on
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• EstablishingDemocracies– Governmentsmeetsomecriteriabutnotothers– Slightdeclineindemocraciesinrecentyears– Democra@za@onadifficultprocess
• TheArabSpring–didnotleadtodemocracy• Ethnicandreligiousconflicts• VulnerabletoaFackbyopponents• Na@onsneeddemocra@za@ontosucceedeconomically
Copyright©2016CengageLearning.Allrightsreserved. 22
Theglobalchallengeofdemocra@za@on
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Classification by: NB p. 12 Geographic Distribution of Power
Unitary Government • all powers held by a
single, central agency.
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Classification by: Geographic Distribution of Power
Confederate Government
• an alliance of independent states.
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Classification by: Geographic Distribution of Power
Federal Government • A federal government is one in which the
powers of government are divided between a central government and several local governments.
• An authority superior to both the central and local governments makes this division of power on a geographic basis.
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Classifica'onbytheRela'onshipbetweentheExecu'veandLegisla'veBranches