the spinal cord. protection vertebrae spinal meninges three layers of connective tissue – dura...

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The Spinal Cord

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Page 1: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial

The Spinal Cord

Page 2: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial

Protection

VertebraeSpinal meninges• Three layers of connective tissue– Dura mater– Arachnoid mater– Pia mater

• Continuous with cranial meningesCerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Page 3: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial

Spinal Meninges

• Epidural space: between vertebrae and dura mater

• Dura mater- tough, dense connective tissue• Arachnoid mater: resembles spider’s web– Extends into subarachnoid space

• Subarachnoid space –CSF circulates in this space

• Pia mater: thin, delicate layer –Adheres to surface of spinal cord (and

brain)–Contains blood vessels

Page 4: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial

Spinal Meninges

Page 5: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial

Spinal Meninges

Page 6: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial
Page 7: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial
Page 8: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial
Page 9: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial

Structure of the Spinal Cord

Page 10: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial
Page 11: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial

Structure of the Spinal Cord

Page 12: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial

Spinal Nerves

Nerves attached to spinal cord by 2 roots• Dorsal root: made of axons of sensory neurons– Dorsal root ganglion: swelling containing cell

bodies of sensory neurons• Ventral root: composed of axons of motor

neurons– Both somatic motor and autonomic motor

Page 13: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial

Spinal Cord Functions

Pathways for nerve impulses within tracts• Ascending (sensory)• Descending (motor)Reflexes: fast, involuntary sequences of actions

in response to stimuli• Can be simple (withdrawal) or complex

(learned sequence such as driving car)

Page 14: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial

The Reflex Arc

1. Sensory receptor: responds to stimulus2. Sensory neuron: through dorsal root ganglion

and root posterior horn 3. Integrating center: single synapse between

sensory and motor neurons4. Motor neuron: from anterior horn ventral

root spinal nerve 5. Effector: muscle or gland responds

Page 15: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial

The Reflex Arc

Page 16: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial
Page 17: The Spinal Cord. Protection Vertebrae Spinal meninges Three layers of connective tissue – Dura mater – Arachnoid mater – Pia mater Continuous with cranial