The Spanish The Spanish EmpireEmpire

The conquest of the Americas

• Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec territory in Mexico (1504- 1519)

• Francisco Pizarro took over Inca territory in Peru (1524 – 1533)

• Resources, especially gold & silver and new foods were exported to Spain

What is this?Where is it ?

1519 – 1522 First circumnavigation of the

globe by……..?Magellan

stern

rudder

Crew cabin

Masts & crow’s nest

Timeline!Timeline!• The 16th and 17th centuries were

times of change for Spain• After the defeat of the Muslims and the

conquest of the Americas, Spain became the most important country in Europe

• But the road to supremacy was not easy… on the contrary!

• TASK: build a timeline for the period 1516-1700

TheThe Habsburg dynastyHabsburg dynasty

What is a dynasty?

Who were the Habsburgs?

Carlos I of Spain & V Carlos I of Spain & V of HREof HRE1516 - 15561516 - 1556• Born in Flanders

• Inherited all Spain’s and Holy Roman Empire (HRE) territories

• When he first arrived in Spain,he hardly spoke the Spanish language

• He put many foreign nobles in the most important government positions

• He spent lots of Castilian money in wars

Carlos´ inheritanceCarlos´ inheritance

European territoriesEuropean territories

Carlos V EmpireCarlos V Empire

How did Carlos V How did Carlos V rule?rule?• The government of such a big empire

was not easy• Many different territories, with

their own laws and institutions demanded a big effort to maintain

• Carlos V did not have absolute power

• He governed using councils like the Catholic monarchs before him

• His revenues came from taxes from Castilla and precious metals from America

• BUT he spent a lot of money on expensive wars to preserve territories and influence

The council system of The council system of governmentgovernment

Carlos did not have absolute power. He needed

the approval from the Parliaments of each state.There was no one capital

city – the court moved around

Problems at home - Problems at home - Revolt of the Comuneros (Revolt of the Comuneros (1520 – 1520 – 1521)1521)• Carlos angered both

Castilian cities (taxes)and Castilian nobles (important positions in government)

• The revolt started in Toledo and spread to other cities, with the support of the nobles in the beginning

• An agreement with the nobles allowed Carlos to defeat the revolt in 1521

• Changes in the government were introduced afterwards

Revolt of the ComunerosRevolt of the ComunerosPut these statements into the correct column in the table:

• Taxes on the Spanish bourgeoisie were spent outside Spain

• He appointed Castillian nobles to the court

• He spent more time in Spain• Carlos raised his son, Felipe, at

the Spanish court• Government positions were

given to nobles from Flanders• He spent a lot of time being

Holy Roman Emperor

BEFORE REVOLT

AFTER REVOLT

Execution of the Comuneros leaders

• Carlos fought against foreign powers to defend his authority & the Catholic religion– He defeated the French, his main rival in

1544– He fought the Turks (1529-1541) who were

invading from the east– He confronted the German princes who

supported Luther & Protestantism– He continued his fight against the Moors of

North Africa & defended his territory in Italy

Problems abroad?Problems abroad?

• The population increased• The economy was very

dependent on sheep farming & the export of wool to the Netherlands

• Arable farming lost land to sheep so there was less food produced

• Taxes increased to finance the expensive wars

How did Spain change How did Spain change under Carlos?under Carlos?

1556 – Carlos abdicated1556 – Carlos abdicated

• Carlos divided his territories between his son Felipe & brother, Fernando.– Felipe received Spain, Low Countries,

parts of Italy, colonies in North Africa, the Americas & Far East. Felipe also took over all Portuguese territories when the king died in 1580 with no heir.

– Fernando received Austria, Hungary & Bohemia and became the Holy Roman Emperor

Felipe II (1556-1598) and the Felipe II (1556-1598) and the organization of the empireorganization of the empire

• Carlos’ empire divided• Felipe inherited

territories from Spanish and Portuguese crowns

• Spain as the centre of his monarchy

• Madrid becomes capital

• TASK: colour map showing Philip’s empire

Felipe II and the organization of Felipe II and the organization of the empirethe empire

2 main objectives

tto defend Catholicism to preserve the o defend Catholicism to preserve the Spanish Empire Spanish Empire

Felipe II and the organization of Felipe II and the organization of the empirethe empire

Felipe’s policies

Put these statements Put these statements under the correct policyunder the correct policy

• He went to war with France, England & Turkey• He used the Inquisition against non-Catholics• He controlled a revolt in the Low Countries• He sent new expeditions to the America• He allowed no religious freedom• The Spanish set up large estates(haciendas) for

agriculture in the Americas• Missionaries extended Catholicism in the New

World• He suppressed a Morisco revolt in 1568

The Golden Age of The Golden Age of SevillaSevilla

Alonso Sánchez Coello. 1531 – 1588.

Local ferriesshipbuilding

Giralda tower of the cathedral

Triana Bridge across Guadalquivir

Galleons being loaded and unloaded

Royal Mint – where money was made

Densely populated town on both banks of the river

1) Look at the map showing Philip’s empire and think:People used to say that the sun never set over Felipe’s empire. What did they mean?

2) Look at your diagram and answer:What was the cost of keeping such a big empire together? Did Felipe succeed?

Felipe II and the organization of Felipe II and the organization of the empirethe empire

Financial problemsFinancial problems

COST OF

WARSGold & Silver

from Americas

COSTS > REVENUE

Felipe IIDeclared bankrupt

155715751596

Spain had a debt of 85 million

ducats in 1598 when Felipe died

Was Felipe an absolute Was Felipe an absolute monarch?monarch?

• HOMEWORK - Read the passage & decide if you think Felipe II was an absolute monarch. Highlight in one colour arguments in favour & arguments against in another colour

1598 The will of Felipe II1598 The will of Felipe II

Spain loses its supremacy Spain loses its supremacy (17th century)(17th century)

• Felipe III (right), Felipe IV and Carlos II had to face serious internal problems and conflicts with other powers

• Spain lost its supremacy during the 17th century due to a series of reasons.

• THREE WEAK KINGS– Favourites (validos)

ruled for them– Eg Count-Duke

Olivares• Born in Rome• Father Felipe II

ambassador• Educated in Salamanca• 1621-1641 ‘ruled’ Spain• Policy of centralization

led to revolts

Why did Spain lose its Why did Spain lose its supremacysupremacy

Problems in the family!Problems in the family!

Felipe III Felipe IV Carlos II

Spain loses its Spain loses its supremacysupremacy

Classify the events on the photocopy into the following boxes

Domestic Policy Foreign Policy

Felipe III (1598-1621)

Felipe IV (1621-1665)

Carlos II(1665-1700)

Thirty Years War, 1618 - Thirty Years War, 1618 - 16481648

• Religious & political conflict• Bohemian Protestants rebelled against

Fernando II, Holy Roman Emperor• Spain helped to repress the revolt but

United Provinces (Low Countries), England, Denmark & Sweden supported rebels

• France allied itself with the Protestants in 1635

Treaty of Westphalia Treaty of Westphalia 16481648

Independence of the United

Provinces

TASK: COMPLETE MAP OF 1648

A CRISIS IN SPAINA CRISIS IN SPAIN• Large debts• Population declined• Agriculture declined• Industry & trade

declined• Sources of wealth

disappeared

TASK – Classify the processes of the crisis

Analyse the Analyse the shortshort & & long long term term causes of the causes of the

Spanish crisisSpanish crisis• Events

– Series of bankruptcies– France joined 30 Years War– Chief Ministers governed not Kings– Crisis in agriculture, craft & trade– Population decline

SHORT TERM LONG TERM

• Carlos II died in 1700 with no heir

• War of Spanish Succession began to decide the next King

• Felipe V became King – he was the grandson of Louis XIV of France

Felipe V1700-1724

House of

Bourbon

Europe 18Europe 18thth C C

SPAIN

FRANCE& UNITED PROVINCES

• Revise the table and using the information on page 104 answer the following Qs:

1) What problems did the empire face within its borders?

2) What happened to Spanish supremacy? Why?

3) Draw a mind map about the reasons of the Spanish crisis (p.104)

Spain loses its Spain loses its supremacysupremacy

• The fight for the supremacy in Europe did not end with the Spanish crisis. Use the information on page 105 to complete the chart.

Spain loses its Spain loses its supremacysupremacy

years country characteristics

1504-1648 Spain

1648-1700 • Peace of Westphalia: ….

after 1700 • trade• parliamentary states• strong bourgeoisie

HomeworkHomework• Answer the Qs on the Count/Duke of

Olivares• Think and answer:

1) Which country became the most powerful in Europe after 1648? Can you think why?2) Why did England and the United Provinces became important in the late 17th century?3) Which social group grew in importance? Why?