THE SOUTHWEST DESERT

Chapter 2 Lesson 3Social Studies 5th GradeMr. Vida

BELL RINGER!Explain 3 reasons that were given in the text why researchers believe that

that the Pueblo Indians may be descendants of the Anasazi?

WHERE ARE WE?

Subtitle

WHAT WE WILL SEE HERE…Preview:The need for water affected the cultures developed by the people of the Southwest

Places:•Southwest Desert cultural region•Oraibi

Vocabulary:•pueblo•kiva

U.S. SOUTHWEST DESERT REGION… AND HOME TO THE HOPI, ZUNI, APACHE & NAVAJO INDIANS

Subtitle

SOUTHWEST DESERT CULTURAL REGIONS:

•The region was, and still is a mostly hot & arid region

•Several different tribes settled this region long ago

SOUTHWEST DESERT CULTURAL REGIONS:

SOUTHWEST DESERT CULTURAL REGIONS:

LIFE IN A DRY LAND:Tribes of the southwest desert included:1. Hopi2. Zuni3. Apache4. Navajo

LIFE IN A DRY LAND:•The Hopi and Zuni followed a village and farming life

•Not all tribes of the region were farmers, the Apache hunted and the Navajo raised sheep

•For the Hopi & Zuni, they could get water for their crops from irrigation like the Anasazi did1. Corns2. Beans3. Squash4. cotton

LIFE IN A DRY LAND:•Because the Hopi & Zuni developed a village way of life, based on farming, they later became known as Pueblo Indians

•Pueblo is the Spanish word for village.

•Pueblo Indians are thought to be descendants of the Anasazi… why do you think they might be?1. ____________2. ____________3. ____________

LIFE IN A DRY LAND:•Because the Hopi & Zuni developed a village way of life, based on farming, they later became known as Pueblo Indians

•Pueblo is the Spanish word for village.

•Pueblo Indians are thought to be descendants of the Anasazi… why do you think they might be?1. They both lived around the Four Corners

Region2. They both developed irrigation to grow crops3. The both build apartment style housing

LIFE IN A DRY LAND:•The Hopi placed their villages on top of high mesas

•Such locations helped them defend against enemies.

LIFE IN A DRY LAND:

LIFE IN A DRY LAND:•Hopi men governed the villages,

BUT…

•Woman owned all the property & passed it down to their daughters

THE NEED FOR RAIN:

•Rain is what the tribes needed the most to survive in the harsh, dry region

•The believed that beings called kachinas could bring them this & other help

•Hopi dance ceremonies honored them & sought aid

THE NEED FOR RAIN

THE NEED FOR RAIN:

•Dancers also did a snake dance in hopes it would bring rain

•They held rattlesnakes & other snakes in their mouths

•Snakes were released at the end of the dance

•The snakes would slither away, looking like streams

THE NEED FOR RAIN

THE NEED FOR RAIN:

•Dancers began by emerging from a kiva

•Kiva is an underground chamber where ceremonies were performed

•It symbolized the underworld, where the Hopi people they came before entering this world

•In the chamber, the dancers put on the kachina masks

THE NEED FOR RAIN

THE NEED FOR RAIN•Kachina dolls were given to children, but not as toys

•they were given to the children to educate young Hopi children about their religion

THE HOPI TODAY

•today, Hopi continue to live in traditional lands

•More than 7,000 live on reservations in Northern Arizona

•Their reservation is completely surrounded by the much larger Navajo reservation

•Land ownership tensions continue today

THE HOPI TODAY

THE HOPI TODAY

•The Hopi continue to live in villages

•One of these named Oraibi, is built on a mesa

•Built in 1050AD; may be oldest town in U.S.

THE HOPI TODAY

•Many Hopi keep their ancient traditions & customs

•Some have adopted modern ways too

•They have build New Oraibi, in a valley below the older Oraibi

THE SOUTHWEST DESERT

LESSON 2 REVIEW:1. Fill in the details that support the main idea from the lesson

Pueblo Indians of the Southwest adapted to their dry environment in different ways

LESSON 2 REVIEW:1. Fill in the details that support the main idea from the lesson

Pueblo Indians of the Southwest adapted to their dry environment in different ways

The Hopi used irrigation to grow

crops

LESSON 2 REVIEW:1. Fill in the details that support the main idea from the lesson

Pueblo Indians of the Southwest adapted to their dry environment in different ways

Ceremonies sought the aid of kachinas in

bringing rain

The Hopi used irrigation to grow

crops

LESSON 2 REVIEW:1. Fill in the details that support the main idea from the lesson

Pueblo Indians of the Southwest adapted to their dry environment in different ways

Dancers hoped the snake dance would

bring rain

Ceremonies sought the aid of kachinas in

bringing rain

The Hopi used irrigation to grow

crops

LESSON 2 REVIEW:

2. How were Hopi villages governed?

LESSON 2 REVIEW:

2. How were Hopi villages governed?

ANSWER:

By men.

LESSON 2 REVIEW:

3. How were kachinas honored in Hopi ceremonies?

LESSON 2 REVIEW:

3. How were kachinas honored in Hopi ceremonies?

ANSWER:

People wore kachina masks and performed special dances.

LESSON 2 REVIEW:

4. What does the difference between Oraibi and New Oraibi tell you about the Hopi culture of today?

LESSON 2 REVIEW:

4. What does the difference between Oraibi and New Oraibi tell you about the Hopi culture of today?

ANSWER:

Many Hopi still follow their ancient traditions and customs, but they have adopted modern ways.

LESSON 2 REVIEW:

5. Why do you think Pueblo people adopted Anasazi building styles? Explain.

LESSON 2 REVIEW:

5. Why do you think Pueblo people adopted Anasazi building styles? Explain.

ANSWER:

They descanted from the Anasazi and learned their ways.