the south caucasus between integration and fragmentation

7/25/2019 The South Caucasus Between integration and fragmentation

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Ruskm FksolmoYnsakg Jkrol`vBkrakg Lkllkg`vFumsakc UksakynvkGnccos TkllutDkvog Rnmoynv

Wan Tùta DkudksusIntwnnc octnfrkto`c kcg brkflnctkto`c

Lky 95;>

Oc strktnfod pkrtcnrsaop wota tanJocf Ikugùoc Bùcgkto`c

Bukg Daorkf`vJ`rcnmy JkjkdaokKcgrny LkjkrydanvLnalnt ftKlkcgk UkumXkur Taoroynv


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Wan T`uta DkudksusIntwnnc octnfrkto`c kcg brkflnctkto`c

Bukg Daorkf`v Ruskm FksolmoJ`rcnmy Jkjkdaok Ynsakg Jkrol`vKcgrny Lkjkrydanv Bkrakg Lkllkg`vLnalnt ft Fumsakc UksakynvkKlkcgk Ukum Gnccos TkllutXkur Taoroynv Dkvog Rnmoynv

Wan vonws nxprnssng, kcg tnrloc`m`fy usng oc tansn pkpnrs krn ta`sn`b tan kuta`rs kcg g` c`t rnprnsnct ta`sn `b tan NUD `r TKL.

Lky 95;>

OTTC-;614-9729


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Wkimn `b d`ctncts

Kiùt tan kuta`rs >

Kiirnvokto`cs 2

Octr`gudto`c ?

Nur`pnkcoskto`c kcg Fn`rfokc b`rnofc p`mody ;;J`rcnmy Jkjkdaok

Yussok's p`modons oc tan Tùta Dkudkdus kbtnr tan drosos oc ^jrkocn8tan vumcnrkiomotons b rnkmosl ;?Kcgrny Lkjkrydanv

Kznrikohkc's b`rnofc p`mody K cnw pkrkgofl b dkrnbum prkflktosl 9?Bkrakg Lkllkg`v

Tnduroty dakmmncfns kcg d`cbmodt rns`muto`c nbb`rts oc tanTùta Dkudksus 46

Fumsakc Uksakynvk

Krlncok Ttudj intwnnc k r`dj kcg k akrg pmkdn 7>Gnccos Tkllut

Orkc's p`mody oc tan Tùta Dkudksus Intwnnc prkflktoslkcg rnkmp`motoj >4

Klkcgk Ukum

Wrkgn, nd`c`lod kcg ncnrfy d``pnrkto`c8 dakmmncfns b`r k

brkflnctng rnfo`c 2;Ruskm Fksolmo

CKW@'s Tùta Dkudksus pkrkgofl8 iny`cg 95;7 26Xkur Taoroynv

Wan N^ kcg tan Tùta Dkudksus Woln b`r k st`djtkjn 66Klkcgk Ukum

Wurjny's r`mn oc tan Tùta Dkudksus8 intwnnc brkflnctkto`c

kcg octnfrkto`c 1>Dkvog Rnmoynv

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U`modons br`l kbkr8 tan ^T `pto`cs t`wkrgs frnktnr rnfo`ckmucoty oc tan T`uta Dkudksus ?>

Bukg Daorkf`v kcg Ynsakg Jkrol`v

Daock oc tan T`uta Dkudksus8 c`t k drotodkm pkrtcnrsaop iutstomm cnngng ;54

Lnalnt ft

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5/110

Kiùt tan kuta`rs

Bukg Daorkf`v, Ynsnkrda Bnmm`w, B`rnofc U`mody Kckmysos Gnpkrtlnct, tan Dnctnr b`r TtrktnfodTtugons ucgnr tan Urnsognct `b Ynpuimod `b Kznrikohkc (TKL)

Ruskm Fksolmo, Ankg, Nd`c`lod Kckmysos kcg Fmìkm Kbbkors Gnpkrtlnct, tan Dnctnr b`r TtrktnfodTtugons ucgnr tan Urnsognct `b Ynpuimod `b Kznrikohkc (TKL)

J`rcnmy Jkjkdaok, Ur`bnss`r, Gnpkrtlnct `b U`motodkm Tdoncdn, Wiomoso Ttktn ^covnrsoty: Gorndt`r,Fn`rfokc Ocstotutn `b U`motods (FOU)

Ynsakg Jkrol`v, ocgnpncgnct nxpnrt

Kcgrny Lkjkrydanv, Funst Ur`bnss`r, Ocstotutn b F`vnrclnct kcg U`motods, covnrsoty b Wkrtu

Bkrakg Lkllkg`v, Gorndt`r, tan Dnctnr b`r Ttrktnfod Ttugons ucgnr tan Urnsognct `b Ynpuimod`b Kznrikohkc (TKL)

Lnalnt ft, Dakorlkc, Fmìkm Ynsùrdns Ukrtcnrsaop (^J): Nxndutovn Dakor, Wan I`spa`rusNcnrfy Dmui (Ostkcium)

Fumsakc Uksakynvk, Gnputy Gorndt`r, tan Dnctnr b`r Ttrktnfod Ttugons ucgnr tan Urnsognct `bYnpuimod `b Kznrikohkc (TKL)

Klkcgk Ukum, Tnco`r U`mody Kckmyst, Nur`pnkc U`mody Dnctrn

Gnccos Tkllut, Lnlinr `b tan NUDs Kgvos`ry Dùcdom, Gorndt`r, MOCJT (Gokm`fun-KckmysosYnsnkrda)

Xkur Taoroynv, Tnco`r Ynsnkrda Bnmm`w, KGK ^covnrsoty

Dkvog Rnmoynv, Ankg, B`rnofc U`mody Kckmysos Gnpkrtlnct, tan Dnctnr b`r Ttrktnfod Ttugonsucgnr tan Urnsognct `b Ynpuimod `b Kznrikohkc (TKL)

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Kiirnvokto`cs

KK Kss`dokto`c Kfrnnlnct

KJU Hustodn kcg Gnvnm`plnct UkrtyIU Irotosa Untr`mnulITND Imkdj Tnk Nd`c`lod D``pnrkto`cIWD Ikju-Wiomoso-Dnyakc (popnmocn)IWN Ikju-Wiomoso-Nrzurul (popnmocn)IWJ Ikju-Wiomoso-Jkrs (rkomwky)DKYND Dnctrkm Ksok Ynfo`ckm Nd`c`lod D``pnrkto`cDDWT D``pnrkto`c Dùcdom b Wurjosa Tpnkjocf TtktnsDNN Dnctrkm kcg Nkstnrc Nur`pn

DOT D`ll`cwnkmta b Ocgnpncgnct TtktnsDOT UJB D`ll`cwnkmta b Ocgnpncgnct Ttktns Unkdnjnnpocf B`rdnD@N D`csnom gn m'Nur`pnDTDU Dkudksus Ttkiomoty kcg D``pnrkto`c UkdtDTGU D`ll`c Tnduroty kcg Gnbncdn U`modyDTYKTUO Dnctrn b`r Tupp`rt b Yussokc-Krlncokc Ttrktnfod kcg Uuimod OcotoktovnsDTW@ D`mmndtovn Tnduroty Wrnkty @rfkcozkto`cGDBWK Gnnp kcg D`lprnancsovn Brnn Wrkgn KrnkNKN^/NN^ Nurksokc Nd`c`lod co`cNKUD Nur`-Ktmkctod Ukrtcnrsaop DùcdomND@ Nd`c`lod D``pnrkto`c @rfkcozkto`cND^ Nurksokc Dust`ls co`cNCU Nur`pnkc Cnofaiùra``g U`modyNkU Nkstnrc UkrtcnrsaopNUU Nur`pnkc Un`pmn's UkrtyN^ Nur`pnkc co`cN^LL Nur`pnkc co`c L`cot`rocf Losso`cN^TY Nur`pnkc co`c Tpndokm YnprnsnctktovnFG Fn`rfokc Grnkl

FGU Fr`ss G`lnstod Ur`gudtF^KL @rfkcozkto`c b`r Gnl`drkdy kcg Nd`c`lod Gnvnm`plnctBGO B`rnofc Gorndt OcvnstlnctOGU Octnrckmmy Gospmkdng Unrs`cO@D Octnrckto`ckm @mylpod D`llottnn

HUJB H oct Unkdnjnnpocf B rdnsLKU Lnlinrsaop Kdto`c UmkcLCCK Lkh`r C`c-CKW@ KmmyL`G Locostry b GnbncdnCKL C`c-Kmofcng L`vnlnctCKW@ C`rta Ktmkctod Wrnkty @rfkcozkto`cCGO Ckto`ckm Gnl`drktod OcstotutnCF@ C`c-F`vnrclnctkm @rfkcoskto`cCJK@ Ckf`rc`-Jkrkikja Kut`c`lùs @imkstCJY Ckf`rc`-Jkrkikja Ynpuimod

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CYB CKW@ Ynsp`csn B`rdn@NDG @rfkcoskto`c b`r Nd`c`lod D`-`pnrkto`c kcg Gnvnm`plnct@OD @rfkcozkto`c b tan Osmklod D`cbnrncdn

@TDN @rfkcozkto`c b`r Tnduroty kcg D`-`pnrkto`c oc Nur`pnUKDN Ukrmoklnctkry Kssnlimy b tan Dùcdom b Nur`pnUKU-W Ukrtcnrsaop Kdto`c Umkc kfkocst Wnrr`roslUKYU Umkccocf kcg Ynvonw Ur`dnssUDK Ukrtcnrsaop kcg D``pnrkto`c KfrnnlnctsUbU Ukrtcnrsaop b`r UnkdnOT Osmklod TtktnOTKB Octnrckto`ckm Tnduroty Kssostkcdn B`rdnOTOM Osmklod Ttktn b Orkq kcg tan MnvkctOYO Octnrckto`ckm Ynpuimodkc OcstotutnY@D Yussokc @rta`g`x DaurdaYB Yussokc Bngnrkto`cTD@ Takcfako D``pnrkto`c @rfkcoskto`cTFD Tùtanrc Fks D`rrog`rT@DKY Ttktn @om D`lpkcy KznrikohkcT@BK Ttktus b B`rdns KfrnnlnctTUT Tdoncdn b`r Unkdn kcg TndurotyTTY T`vont T`dokmost YnpuimodTWKYW Ttrktnfod Krls Yngudto`c Wrnkty

WKU Wrkcs Kgroktod UopnmocnWKCKU Wrkcs-Kckt`mokc UopnmocnWKTOL Wrkcs-Nurksokc Ocb`rlkto`c Tupnr AofawkyWYKDNDK Wrkcsp`rtkto`c D`rrog`r Nur`pn-Dkudksus-Ksok^C ^cotng Ckto`cs^CFK ^cotng Ckto`cs Fncnrkm Kssnlimy^CL ^cotng Ckto`ckm L`vnlnct^C@LOF ^cotng Ckto`cs @isnrvnr Losso`c oc Fn`rfok^CTD ^cotng Ckto`cs Tnduroty Dùcdom

^T ^cotng Ttktns^TKOG ^cotng Ttktns Kfncdy b`r Octnrckto`ckm Gnvnm`plnct^TTY ^co`c b T`vont T`dokmost YnpuimodsRKW Rkmun-Kggng WkxVLG Vnkp`cs b Lkss Gnstrudto`cVW@ V`rmg Wrkgn @rfkcozkto`c

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Octr`gudto`c

Myocf kt tan dr`ssr`kgs intwnnc Nkst kcg Vnst kcg Tùta kcg C`rta, tan Tùta Dkudksus os

sotuktng kt tan octnrsndto`c `b Nurksok's lkh`r ncnrfy kcg trkcsp`rt d`rrog`rs. Kc olp`rtkctfn`strktnfod rnfo`c, b`r dncturons ot aks innc tan tanktrn `b d`lpntoto`c intwnnc rnfo`ckmp`wnrs, ocdmugocf tan Unrsokc, Yussokc, kcg @tt`lkc Nlporns. Vaomn tansn nlporns lky akvngoskppnkrng, tanor suddnss`r stktns d`ctocun t` h`stmn b`r ocbmuncdn km`cf wota cnw pmkynrs,ocdmugocf tan T, CKW@, N^ kcg Daock. Ancdn, gnspotn inocf ocgnpncgnct b`r l`rn takc tw`gndkgns, tan tarnn Tùta Dkudksus stktns Krlncok, Kznrikohkc kcg Fn`rfok d`ctocun t`bnnm tan ocbmuncdn kcg, oc s`ln dksns, tarnkt, `b nxtnrckm kdt`rs

Wan Tùta Dkudksus os k d`lpmnx rnfo`c. Gnspotn tan prn-nxostocf octnrgnpncgncdn intwnnc

tan tarnn stktns ucgnr tan T`vont ulirnmmk vok nd`c`lod, ocbrkstrudturkm kcg dumturkm tons,Krlncok, Kznrikohkc kcg Fn`rfok c`t `cmy ir`jn kwky br`l Yussok wota tan d`mmkpsn `b tanT`vont ^co`c iut br`l `cn kc`tanr t``, rnsumtocf oc kc ollngoktn brkflnctkto`c `b tan rnfo`c.Wan d`mmkpsn `b k dnctrkmosng nd`c`ly kcg tan d`cbmodt intwnnc Kznrikohkc kcg Krlncok `vnrCkf`rc`-Jkrkikja pmkyng k sofcobodkct r`mn oc tan os`mkto`c `b tansn dùctrons br`l `cn kc`tanr.

L`rn takc tw` gndkgns kbtnr tan d`mmkpsn `b tan T`vont ^co`c, tan rnfo`c aks c`t ynt inncp`motodkmmy `r nd`c`lodkmmy octnfrktng. Burtanrl`rn, ot os kms` pmkfung iy k rkcfn `b p`motodkm,snduroty kcg nd`c`lod dakmmncfns, ocdmugocf snpkrktost d`cbmodts (Tùta @ssntok, Kijakzok,kcg Ckf`rc`-Jkrkikja), dm`sng i`rgnrs, wnkj stktn ocstotuto`cs, ossuns wota tan rumn `b mkwkcg ucgnrgnvnm`png nd`c`lons. Vaomn tan lkoc rnks`cs inaocg tan rnfo`c's brkflnctkto`ckrn ucgùitngmy octnrckm, dnrtkoc nxtnrckm pmkynrs akvn kms` kdtng t` lkoctkoc tan stktus qu`,waoda kmm`ws tanl t` lkoctkoc k str`cf ocbmuncdn tanrn.

B`r trkgoto`ckm p`wnrs Orkc kcg Yussok, tan nctry `b s`ln cnw pmkynrs oct` tan rnfo`c aks c`tinnc wnmd`lng. I`ta Orkc kcg Yussok sakrn d`cdnrcs `vnr tan ayp`tantodkm ncmkrfnlnct `bCKW@, tan nd`c`lod olp`rtkcdn `b tan Dkspokc ncnrfy rnsùrdns t` tan Vnst, tan trkcsotrùtns oc tan rnfo`c kcg tan p`motodkm kcg lomotkry prnsncdn `b tan ^T oc tan rnfo`c.

Vaomn Orkc's rnfo`ckm ùtrnkda aks innc molotng iy octnrckto`ckm skcdto`cs ks k rnsumt `b otscudmnkr pr`frklln, Yussok's swky rnlkocs sofcobodkct. Ot d`ctocuns t` akvn k str`cf ocbmuncdnvok trkgn, snduroty, ncnrfy kcg dumturkm tons. Burtanrl`rn, tan ucrns`mvng d`cbmodts oc Fn`rfokkcg Yussok's lomotkry iksn oc Krlncok akvn kmm`wng Yussok t` "mnkvn tan Tùta Dkudksuswotaùt mnkvocf". C`t `cmy g` tany kmm`w Yussok t` pr`hndt ots p`wnr kdr`ss tan rnfo`ctarùfa k lomotkry prnsncdn, tan ucrns`mvng d`cbmodts dkc in usng t` drnktn ocstkiomoty wanctan cnng krosns. Burtanrl`rn, Yussok's rnd`fcoto`c `b Kijakzok kcg Tùta @ssntok, kcg tanpr`tndt`rktn stktus takt ot aks kg`ptng t`wkrgs tan tw` tnrrot`rons os k fukrkctnn `b m`cf-tnrlocstkiomoty oc tan rnfo`c. Wurjny, gnspotn akvocf nstkimosang olp`rtkct nd`c`lod d``pnrkto`cmocjs wota Kznrikohkc kcg Fn`rfok pmkys, iy kcg mkrfn, k im`djocf r`mn oc tan rnfo`c iymocjocf tan c`rlkmoskto`c `b rnmkto`cs wota Krlncok kcg tan `pncocf `b tan i`rgnr wota tansnttmnlnct `b tan Ckf`rc`-Jkrkikja d`cbmodt.

Ynfo`ckm tncso`cs akvn innc nxkdnriktng iy stnps tkjnc iy tan tarnn Tùta Dkudksus stktns t`gnnpnc tons wota tan Vnst, oc pkrtodumkr wota CKW@ kcg tan N^. Yussokc Urnsognct Rmkgolor

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Uutoc's kttnlpts t` fktanr b`rlnr T`vont rnpuimods oc k Nurksokc ^co`c ucgnr Yussokcmnkgnrsaop dkln ks k rnsp`csn t` nbb`rts `b s`ln `b tan dùctrons ksporocf t` sofc Kss`dokto`cKfrnnlncts (KK) kcg Gnnp kcg D`lprnancsovn Brnn Wrkgn Kfrnnlncts (GDBWK) wota tan N^.

Yussok's ommnfkm kccnxkto`c `b tan ^jrkocokc Uncocsumk `b Drolnk kcg `cfòcf wkr oc Nkstnrc^jrkocn wks k burtanr rnsp`csn, kcg ucgnrmocng wakt dùmg in tan d`csnquncdn `b gnbyocfYussok. Lnkcwaomn tan N^, ^T kcg CKW@ mkdj k dànrnct strktnfy takt tkjns oct` kddùct tanrnkmotons kcg tarnkt br`l Yussok.

Krlncok, Kznrikohkc kcg Fn`rfok akvn, b`r gobbnrnct rnks`cs, da`snc t` octnfrktn oct` gobbnrnct,kcg oc s`ln dksns `pp`socf octnfrkto`c pr`hndts, ocdmugocf CKW@, tan Nurksokc Nd`c`lod^co`c (NKN^), tan D`mmndtovn Tnduroty Wrnkty @rfkcozkto`c (DTW@), tan D`ll`cwnkmta `bOcgnpncgnct Ttktns (DOT) kcg tan N^ vok ots Nur`pnkc Cnofaiùra``g U`mody (NCU) kcg NkstnrcUkrtcnrsaop (NkU).

W`gky kmm tarnn Tùta Dkudksus dùctrons akvn da`snc gobbnrnct fn`strktnfod pktas, waoda aksmnbt tan rnfo`c burtanr brkflnctng kcg v`mktomn. Vaomn Fn`rfok aks lkgn lnlinrsaop `b tanN^ kcg CKW@ k pro`roty, Krlncok indkln k lnlinr `b tan Nurksokc ^co`c oc Hkcukry 95;>.Lnkcwaomn, Kznrikohkc aks da`snc c`t t` da``sn kcg d`ctocuns t` try kcg ikmkcdn intwnnctan Vnst kcg tan gobbnrnct rnfo`ckm kdt`rs.

Wan kol `b taos lumto-kuta`rng snt `b pkpnrs os t` `bbnr k ir`kgnr kcg inttnr ucgnrstkcgocf `bgnvnm`plncts oc tan Tùta Dkudksus, kcg kckmysn tan gobbnrnct b`rnofc trkhndt`rons takt nkda

`b tan tarnn stktns os b`mm`wocf, kcg tan olpkdt kcg f`kms `b tan p`modons `b tan gobbnrnctnxtnrckm pmkynrs.

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Nur`pnkcoskto`c kcg Fn`rfokc b`rnofc p`mody

J`rcnmy Jkjkdaok

Octr`gudto`c

Fn`rfok's f`km `b akvocf dm`snr tons wota tan Nur`pnkc ^co`c (N^) kcg C`rta Ktmkctod Wrnkty@rfkcozkto`c (CKW@), ks wnmm ks tan dùctry's cnng t` lkoctkoc ikmkcdng rnmkto`cs wota otscnofaiùrs, krn kl`cf tan bkdt`rs ocbmuncdocf Fn`rfok's b`rnofc kcg snduroty p`mody.D`lpkrng t` ots prngndnss`r, tan durrnct Fn`rfokc f`vnrclnct aks innc mnss vosoimn `c tanoctnrckto`ckm stkfn. Cnvnrtanmnss, `vnrkmm ot aks innc d`llottng t` k dùrsn `b pr`-Vnstnrcb`rnofc p`mody, taus nctnrocf Wiomoso oct` k cnw dakptnr `b octnrckm gnvnm`plnct str`cfmy

grovnc iy puimod `poco`c "orrnvnrsoimn Nur`pnkcoskto`c".

Nur`-Ktmkctod octnfrkto`c os Fn`rfok's t`p b`rnofc p`mody pro`roty. Ot os mnss k qunsto`c `b daòdntakc k strktnfod cndnssoty. Wiomoso's lkoc ìhndtovns krn dm`sn kss`dokto`c wota tan N^: voskmoinrkmoskto`c: ìtkococf k Lnlinrsaop Kdto`c Umkc (LKU) br`l CKW@: kcg sndurocfnd`c`lod kssostkcdn br`l tan Vnst. Vaomn rnbrkococf br`l b`rlkm gopm`lktod rnmkto`cs wotaL`sd`w gun t` Yussok's `ddupkto`c `b tan Fn`rfokc tnrrot`rons `b Kijakzok kcg Tùta@ssntok, tan Fn`rfokc kuta`rotons wkct t` ncfkfn oc k d`cstrudtovn gokm`fun wota Yussokwotaùt akvocf t` skdrobodn ckto`ckm octnrnsts. Vaomn taos dùmg anmp kmmnvoktn k sndurotyprngodklnct, ot os bkr br`l nksy. Ks tan f`vnrclnct s` bkr gospmkys c` suisnrvoncdn t` Yussokcocbmuncdn kcg rnpnktngmy nlpaksosns tan cnng b`r d`ctocung Nur`-Ktmkctod octnfrkto`c, tanrnkrn s`ln ocgorndt sofcs takt L`sd`w, nli`mgncng iy tan dakcfn `b mnkgnrsaop oc Wiomoso, ossnnjocf t` murn Fn`rfok oct` tan Yussokc p`motodkm kcg snduroty rnkml.

Fn`rfok's Nur`pnkcoskto`c pr`hndt8 dakmmncfns kcg `pp`rtucotons

Wan sofcocf `b tan Kss`dokto`c Kfrnnlnct (KK), ocdmugocf k Gnnp kcg D`lprnancsovn BrnnWrkgn Krnk (GDBWK), wota tan N^ `c 96 Hucn 95;7 lkrjng kc olp`rtkct dr`ssr`kgs ocFn`rfok's b`rnofc kcg snduroty p`mody. Wan kfrnnlnct c`t `cmy irùfat Fn`rfok dm`snr t` tan

N^, iut rnkbborlng Fn`rfok's p`soto`c ks tan "dnctrn `b frkvoty" b`r Vnstnrc ncfkfnlnct octan Tùta Dkudksus;, fovnc takt Fn`rfok's cnofaiùrs Kznrikohkc kcg Krlncok krn l`vocf ocgobbnrnct gorndto`cs. Wan N^ Cnofaiùra``g Ikr`lntnr b`r Fn`rfok9, d`cgudtng oc tanbrklnw`rj `b kc N^-bucgng `poco`c p`mmocf pr`hndt b`r tan Cnofaiùra``g, bùcg takt 2?%`b Fn`rfokcs bnnm tan N^ os kc olp`rtkct pkrtcnr, wota >2% inmonvocf tan N^ kcg Fn`rfoksakrn subbodonct d`ll`c vkmuns t` in kimn t` d``pnrktn. Lkcy `b ta`sn p`mmng (>2%) kmsìnmonvn tan N^ irocfs pnkdn kcg stkiomoty t` tan rnfo`c. Wan p`mm kms` rnvnkmng k aofa mnvnm `btrust kl`cf Fn`rfokcs oc octnrckto`ckm ocstotuto`cs. Wan lkh`roty `b ta`sn ksjng (2;%) skogtany trust tan N^, b`mm`wng iy CKW@ (>?%) kcg tan ^C (>7%).

Kmtaùfa ot lky tkjn snvnrkm ynkrs b`r kmm N^-lnlinr stktns t` rktoby tan KK/GDBWK, tang`dulnct kmm`ws b`r pr`voso`ckm kppmodkto`c `b pkrts `b tan kfrnnlnct pro`r t` tand`lpmnto`c `b tan rktobodkto`c pr`dnss oc ckto`ckm N^ pkrmoklncts kcg tan Nur`pnkcUkrmoklnct. A`wnvnr, tanrn krn lkcy dakmmncfns, t``. Vaomn tan GDBWK os nxpndtng t` i``stFn`rfok's FGU iy ;.6% oc tan sa`rt tnrl kcg 7.4% oc tan m`cf tnrl, k sofcobodkct culinr

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`b stkcgkrgs kcg rnfumkto`cs krn ynt t` in olpmnlnctng, waomn tan olpkdt `c hì drnkto`c womm`cmy in lkrfockm.4 Ynkm incnbots womm `cmy in bnmt oc tan log t` m`cf tnrl, kbtnr k pnro`g `bkghustlnct. A`wnvnr, waomn Fn`rfokc lkcubkdturnrs womm bkdn dnrtkoc d`sts rnmktng t`

dnrtobodkto`c, taos saùmg in snnc ks kc ocvnstlnct takt womm ncakcdn tanor iusocnss pr`spndtsoc tan m`cf tnrl. L`rn`vnr, tan kfrnnlnct os mojnmy t` i``st ocvnstlnct, kcg anmp drnktn cnwd`lpkcons, ks wnmm ks l`gnrcosn snvnrkm sndt`rs `b tan nd`c`ly tarùfa rnb`rls. B``gskbnty kcg d`csulnr f``gs stkcgkrgs womm kms` olpr`vn. Bockmmy, dotozncs kcg iusocnssns kmojnwomm incnbot br`l l`rn trkcspkrncdy.

Fn`rfok kms` nxpndts t` incnbot br`l Nur`pnkc kog kcg l`cot`rocf, gnl`drktod d`cgoto`ckmotystrktnfons, ocstotuto`ckm kcg jc`wmngfn trkcsbnr, kcg b`rnofc ocvnstlnct.7 Ks burtanr ncfkfnlnctwota N^ os nxpndtng t` in k syli`mod irnkjtarùfa oc tan Nur`pnkcoskto`c pmkcs `b Fn`rfok, otdùmg ind`ln `b drudokm olp`rtkcdn b`r tan buturn gnvnm`plnct `b tan rnfo`c.

Fn`rfokcs ir`kgmy kfrnn takt suda k d`llotlnct t` tan Vnst os drudokm b`r tan pr`dnss `bgnl`drktoskto`c. Ks tan Tpnkjnr `b tan Fn`rfokc Ukrmoklnct put ot8 "tan Nur`pnkcoskto`c `bFn`rfok os ind`locf ks olp`rtkct ks gnl`drktoskto`c."> A`wnvnr, fovnc tan dakmmncfnskss`doktng wota Fn`rfok's p`motodkm kcg nd`c`lod akrl`coskto`c, `cfòcf tncso`cs wotaYussok, kcg tan snroùs ìstkdmns stnllocf br`l wotaoc Nur`pn otsnmb nd`c`lod turlòm,ncmkrfnlnct bktofun, mkdj `b strktnfod voso`c kcg mnkgnrsaop Fn`rfok's pkta t` lnlinrsaoplky in m`cf ob, ot nvnr akppncs kt kmm. A`wnvnr, nvnc wotaùt rnkm dnrtkoctons kcg wotapmncty `b bnkrs, Fn`rfok aks c` `pto`c iut t` in f` kankg, ks ot aks kmrnkgy ocvnstng s` luda

ncnrfy oc Nur`-Ktmkctod octnfrkto`c `vnr tan pkst tw` gndkgns. Burtanrl`rn, gnspotn tan bkdttakt tan kfrnnlnct g`ns c`t fukrkctnn N^ lnlinrsaop oc tan b`rnsnnkimn buturn, otrnd`fcosns tan klioto`c kcg ksporkto`cs `b tan Fn`rfokc pn`pmn t` `cn gky ind`ln klnlinr `b tan Nur`pnkc bklomy.

Vkmns CKW@ Tullot kcg Fn`rfok's ucdnrtkoc iog

Ks wks nxpndtng, tan Vkmns CKW@ sullot gog c`t `bbnr Fn`rfok k Lnlinrsaop Kdto`c Umkc(LKU), wota Wiomoso's qunst b`r lnlinrsaop rnlkococf nmusovn. A`wnvnr, Fn`rfok stomm

rndnovng kc olp`rtkct d`cs`mkto`c prozn wanc CKW@ mnkgnrs cklng Fn`rfok ks `cn `b bovnckto`cs gnsofcktng ks ncakcdng pkrtcnrs `b tan kmmokcdn.2 Oc tan Vkmns Gndmkrkto`c6, CKW@mnkgnrs kdjc`wmngfng tan vosoimn pr`frnss takt Fn`rfok aks lkgn socdn tan 9551 Iudakrnstsullot kcg stktng tany wùmg pr`vogn k "suistkctokm pkdjkfn" ks k t``m t` burtanr i``stFn`rfok's octnfrkto`c wota CKW@.

Wan pkdjkfn ocdmugns nstkimosaocf "k gnbncdn dkpkdoty iuomgocf losso`c" kcg trkococf dnctrnoc Fn`rfok, l`rn pkrtodopkto`c oc CKW@ lomotkry nxnrdosns oc kcg ùtsogn Fn`rfok kcgnxpkcgocf tan CKW@ mokos`c `bbodn oc Wiomoso. Wan pkdjkfn kms` kols t` ncakcdn Fn`rfok'sgnbncdn dkpkiomotons, oc pkrtodumkr iy supp`rtocf tan Locostry `b Gnbncdn kcg pr`l`tocf

rnb`rls kolng kt l`gnrcosocf Fn`rfok's gnbncdn kcg snduroty sndt`rs. Ot kms` ksporns tòcdrnksn tan octnr`pnrkiomoty `b Fn`rfok's krlng b`rdns iy ocv`mvocf tanl oc l`rn CKW@trkococfs kcg nxnrdosns.1 Kdd`rgocf t` b`rlnr Gnbncdn Locostnr Orkjmo Kmkskcok tan pkdjkfnkms` fovns Fn`rfok, kl`cf `tanr taocfs, "tan p`ssoiomoty t` pr`durn kor gnbncdn kcg kcto-tkcjsystnls, kmtaùfa taos wùmg rnquorn l`rn gnbncdn bucgocf".?

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Wan ucvnomocf `b taos pkdjkfn rndnovng gobbnrnct rnkdto`cs br`l L`sd`w kcg Vksaocft`c. @c1 @dtìnr 95;7, tan Yussokc B`rnofc Locostry ossung k stktnlnct nxprnssocf "d`cdnrc ocd`ccndto`c t` tan Fn`rfokc lngok rnp`rts kiùt pmkcs t` gnpm`y lomotkry ocbrkstrudturn `c

tan tnrrot`ry `b Fn`rfok oc tan octnrnsts `b CKW@". Kdd`rgocf t` tan Jrnlmoc, suda kdto`cswùmg drnktn k tarnkt t` tan "nlnrfocf stkiomoty oc tan Wrkcsdkudksok rnfo`c".;5 @c tan `tanrakcg, ollngoktnmy kbtnr tan sullot, oc k fnsturn kolng kt rnkssurocf Fn`rfok's mnkgnrsaoptakt Wiomoso os c`t km`cn, ^T Gnbncdn Tndrntkry Daudj Akfnm vosotng Fn`rfok.;; Akfnmocb`rlng Wiomoso takt wota Vksaocft`c inocf ocdrnksocfmy d`cdnrcng kiùt Yussok'snxpkcso`cost pmkcs, tan Vaotn Aùsn octncgs t` lkjn kc nxtncsovn d`ctroiuto`c t` tan"suistkctokm pkdjkfn" kcg pmngfng t` d`ctocun ots iomktnrkm dkpkdoty iuomgocf nbb`rts wotaFn`rfok. Akfnm kms` ùtmocng k p`ssoimn r`mn b`r Fn`rfok oc tan ^T-mng d`kmoto`c t` gnstr`ytan Osmklod Ttktn `b Orkq kcg tan Mnvkct (OTOM).;9 A`wnvnr, drotods sky Akfnm sùfat t`cnutrkmosn k p`ssoimn ikdjmksa br`l CKW@'s gndoso`c c`t t` l`vn kankg wota k LKU iyb`dusocf `c Fn`rfok' cnwmy ìtkocng "spndokm pkrtcnrsaop".

Fn`rfok womm d`ctocun t` bkdn str`cf `pp`soto`c br`l Yussok, nspndokmmy wota rnspndt t`Kijakzok kcg Tùta @ssntok. @c ;4 @dtìnr 95;7, tan Jrnlmoc ucvnomng tan s`-dkmmngKfrnnlnct `c Kmmokcdn kcg Octnfrkto`c intwnnc Yussok kcg Kijakzok, waoda ncvoskfns kfrkgukm, iut umtolktnmy d`lpmntn lnrfnr `b tan snpkrktost rnfo`c's gnbncdn, mkw ncb`rdnlnct,dust`ls, i`rgnr, nd`c`lod kcg ankmtadkrn kfncdons wota ta`sn `b tan Yussokc Bngnrkto`c'swotaoc k tarnn-ynkr toln pnro`g. Ks wks nxpndtng, Tùta @ssntok b`mm`wng suot. ^cgnr tansndordulstkcdns, s`ln Vnstnrc broncgs `b Fn`rfok akvn suffnstng takt Fn`rfok saùmg taocj

"ùtsogn tan i`x" rnfkrgocf tnrrot`rokm octnfroty kcg nvnc "taocj tan uctaocjkimn". A`wnvnr,waomn Wiomoso os c`t fòcf t` skdrobodn ots s`vnrnofcty kcg tnrrot`rokm octnfroty, tanrn aks inncs`ln gosdusso`c kiùt wantanr `r c`t Fn`rfok dùmg ind`ln k CKW@ lnlinr wotaùtnxtncgocf snduroty fukrkctnns t` ots irnkjkwky rnfo`cs. Waos wùmg b`mm`w tan l`gnm `b VnstFnrlkcy, waoda hòcng CKW@ oc ;?7? gnspotn ots `wc br`znc d`cbmodt wota L`sd`w cn taktwks c`t s`mvng b`r gndkgns. Tupp`rtnrs `b tan ognk dmkol takt ot wùmg c`t ìmofn tan Kmmokcdnt` gnbncg pkrts `b Fn`rfok takt akvn c`t innc gorndtmy f`vnrcng iy Wiomoso b`r twncty ynkrs.

Ttudj oc CKW@'s wkotocf r``l

Vaomn Fn`rfok os d`llottng t` kdtovn p`motodkm gokm`fun kcg prkdtodkm ncfkfnlnct wotaCKW@ vok tan CKW@-Fn`rfok D`llosso`c kcg tan Kccukm Ckto`ckm Ur`frkl, ot snnls taktFn`rfok's CKW@ lnlinrsaop iog rnlkocs ocgnbocotnmy br`znc, gnspotn Fn`rfok's nbb`rts t`pr`vn ots d`llotlnct t` tan kmmokcdn. W`gky, Fn`rfok os tan mkrfnst c`c-CKW@ lnlinr tr``pd`ctroiut`r t` tan Octnrckto`ckm Tnduroty Kssostkcdn B`rdn (OTKB) oc Kbfakcostkc kcg aksocgodktng ots wommocfcnss t` pkrtodopktn oc tan p`st-95;7 losso`c. Fn`rfokc tr``ps d`ctocun t`pmky k gospr`p`rto`cktnmy olp`rtkct r`mn oc N^ losso`cs oc tan Dnctrkm Kbrodkc Ynpuimod kcgLkmo. Wiomoso kms` d`ctocuns t` try kcg pr`vn otsnmb k gn bkdt`^T kmmy, nvnc wotaùt k b`rlkmkmmokcdn. Vaomn Fn`rfok's d`llotlnct os frnktmy kpprndoktng, ot aks c`t ks ynt akg kc olpkdt

`c tan mnkgnrsaops `b s`ln lkh`r Nur`pnkc CKW@ lnlinrs (Brkcdn, Fnrlkcy, Otkmy), waodasnnl d`ctnct wota tan kmmokcdn's nxostocf d`lp`soto`c, gnspotn akvocf pr`losng Fn`rfok ksnkt kt tan CKW@ tkimn kt tan 9551 Iudakrnst sullot. @c ;4 Hucn 95;7, gurocf anr lnntocfwota Fn`rfokc Uroln Locostnr, Orkjmo Lnckfakrosavomo, Dakcdnmm`r Kcfnmk Lnrjnm lkgn otdmnkr takt Fn`rfok saùmg c`t poc ots a`pns `c rndnovocf k LKU kt tan Vkmns sullot oc

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Tnptnlinr, kggocf takt tanrn krn `pto`cs `tanr takc LKU tarùfa waoda Fn`rfok's pr`frnssdkc in rnbmndtng.;4 W` lkjn lkttnrs w`rsn, gurocf aos lnntocf wota CKW@ Tndrntkry Fncnrkm

Hncs Tt`mtncinrf oc Ukros `c 9 Lkrda 95;>, Brncda Urnsognct Brkcòs A`mmkcgn stktng;7 takt

aos dùctry os kfkocst CKW@ ncmkrfnlnct kcg ta`sn dùctrons wa` snnj lnlinrsaop saùmgin rnhndtng kt taos toln. Vaomn tan f`vnrclnct aks trong t` snmm A`mmkcgn's stktnlnct ks inocfocbmuncdng iy durrnct nbb`rts t` rns`mvn tan `cfòcf drosos oc ^jrkocn kcg d`cdnrcs kiùtkctkf`cosocf Yussok, tan stktnlnct dkusng s`ln losfovocfs oc tan Fn`rfokc puimod.

Vaomn tan g``r t` Fn`rfokc lnlinrsaop oc CKW@ aks innc jnpt `pnc rant`rodkmmy, ocprkdtodn tan lnlinrsaop b tan dùctry aks innc put c a`mg. Cnvnrtanmnss, tan pr`dnss otsnmbaks akg k vnry p`sotovn olpkdt, nspndokmmy wanc `cn d`csognrs tan pòct br`l waoda otstkrtng. Wan d``pnrkto`c wota CKW@ aks kdaonvng sofcobodkct snduroty sndt`r rnb`rl, kcgirùfat tan Fn`rfokc krlng b`rdns luda dm`snr t` CKW@ stkcgkrgs.

Nur`-Ktmkctod octnfrkto`c kcg puimod `poco`c

Gnspotn tan bkdt takt tanrn os c` ocgodkto`c takt Fn`rfok womm ind`ln k lnlinr `b cnotanr tanN^ c`r CKW@ oc tan cnkr buturn, k mkrfn pkrt `b s`donty d`ctocuns t` supp`rt lnlinrsaop `bi`ta. CKW@ lnlinrsaop os vonwng c`t `cmy ks k snduroty fukrkctnn iut kms` ks k syli`m `binm`cfocf t` tan Vnst. Kdd`rgocf t` k survny iy tan ^T Octnrckto`ckm Ynpuimodkc Ocstotutn(OYO) d`cgudtng oc Bnirukry 95;>, supp`rt b`r Fn`rfok's octnfrkto`c oc tan N^ kcg CKW@rnlkocs str`cf kt 1>% kcg 61%, rnspndtovnmy. L`rn`vnr, gnspotn p`motodkm gobbnrncdns

intwnnc tan Fn`rfokc f`vnrclnct kcg `pp`soto`c, tanrn os k d`csncsus `c taos ossun.

Oc Lkrda 95;4, tan Fn`rfokc Ukrmoklnct uckcolùsmy kg`ptng k ;7-pòct Yns`muto`c `c tanIksod Gorndto`cs `b Fn`rfok's B`rnofc U`mody, grkbtng iy tan rumocf Fn`rfokc Grnkl D`kmoto`c(FG) kcg tan `pp`socf ^cotng Ckto`ckm L`vnlnct (^CL) bkdto`cs, waoda d`cborlsFn`rfok's gnsorn t` hòc CKW@ kcg tan N^.;> Waos gndoso`c ucgnrmocng takt bnw strktnfodgoskfrnnlncts nxost intwnnc tan FG kcg tan ^CL. I`ta sogns kfrnn `c tan c`c-rnd`fcoto`c`b tan Yussokc-sp`cs`rng "ocgnpncgncdn" `b Kijakzok kcg Tùta @ssntok, waomn tanykms` kfrnn `c tan ocgnbocotn p`stp`cocf `b tan rnsulpto`c `b gopm`lktod rnmkto`cs wota

L`sd`w. Wan rns`muto`c stktns takt "Fn`rfok dkcc`t akvn gopm`lktod rnmkto`cs wotadùctrons waoda rnd`fcosn tan ocgnpncgncdn `b Kijakzok kcg tan Wsjaocvkmo rnfo`c/Tùta@ssntok". Ot kms` nxdmugns Fn`rfokc lnlinrsaop `b "lomotkry-p`motodkm `r dust`ls uco`cs"wota suda dùctrons. Tolpmy put, ot lnkcs takt Fn`rfok womm c`t hòc L`sd`w-g`locktng`rfkcoskto`cs suda ks tan Nurksokc ^co`c, tan D`ll`cwnkmta `b Ocgnpncgnct Ttktns (DOT),tan D`mmndtovn Tnduroty Wrnkty @rfkcozkto`c (DTW@), `r tan Dust`ls ^co`c. Burtanrl`rn, tankg`pto`c `b tan rns`muto`c lnkcs k grklktod turckrùcg oc rnmkto`cs intwnnc L`sd`w kcgWiomoso os ucmojnmy.

^jrkocokc drosos8 rnvnrinrkto`cs b`r Fn`rfok

Yussok's kccnxkto`c `b Drolnk kcg kttnlpt t` rngrkw tan lkp `b Nur`pn akg k sofcobodkctolpkdt tarùfaùt Nkstnrc Nur`pn, ocdmugocf Fn`rfok. Klog rnp`rts `b L`sd`w's gorndtsupp`rt b tan snpkrktosts oc Nkstnrc jrkocn, Fn`rfokcs krn dm`snmy l`cot`rocf gnvnm`plnctsoc tan rnfo`c, d`cdnrcng kiùt tan p`tnctokm tarnkt tan drosos lky p`sn b`r tanor dùctry.

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B`r Wiomoso tan drosos oc ^jrkocn os c`t solpmy kc ossun `b fn`p`motodkm olp`rtkcdn, iut os kmsìksng `c fncuocn d`cdnrc `vnr k dùctry ot aks dm`sn kcg broncgmy rnmkto`cs wota, kcg wa`d`csognrs ot ks k strktnfod pkrtcnr. Ks Fn`rfokcs bnnm k str`cf jocsaop wota ^jrkocokcs, tany

kms` inmonvn tan struffmn b`r ^jrkocn's s`vnrnofcty womm ocgorndtmy gndogn tanor `wc bktn ks,kdd`rgocf t` p`pumkr inmonb, ^jrkocn os k l`rn olp`rtkct fn`strktnfod kssnt b`r Nur`pn takcFn`rfok. Oc k Bnirukry survny `b cnkrmy 7,555 Fn`rfokcs d`llosso`cng iy OYO;2, 62% `b tanrnsp`cgncts vonwng Yussok ks "k rnkm kcg nxostocf tarnkt". Ks tan drosos oc ^jrkocn gnnpncng,taos bofurn ocdrnksng. Ks k rnsumt, Fn`rfokcs akvn ind`ln l`rn v`dkm oc supp`rtocf^jrkocokc ocgnpncgncdn wota s`ln Fn`rfokcs nvnc bofatocf b`r ots tnrrot`rokm octnfroty.

Lkcy Fn`rfokcs inmonvn takt Yussok os rnpnktocf oc ^jrkocn wakt ot gog oc Fn`rfok oc Kufust9551. Wanrn krn lkcy d`ll`c bkdt`rs gostroiuto`c b Yussokc pkssp`rts, rnocb`rdocflomotkry ocbrkstrudturn kcg ucots iy L`sd`w `c tan tnrrot`ry `b kc`tanr stktn, ks wnmm ks tangndoso`c tkjnc iy tan Yussokc Ukrmoklnct t` kmm`w tan Yussokc krlng b`rdns t` pr`tndt tan"octnrnsts `b d`lpktro`ts" movocf oc ^jrkocn. Tuda kdtovotons krn k bmkfrkct octnrbnrncdn oc tanoctnrckm kbbkors `b k s`vnrnofc stktn. Wanrn os k str`cf d`cvodto`c takt Yussok's kdto`cs kfkocst^jrkocn lofat akvn innc ucsuddnssbum ob tan octnrckto`ckm d`llucoty akg akg k l`rn rìustrnsp`csn t` tan 9551 Yussok-Fn`rfok wkr. Wan wnkj Vnstnrc rnkdto`c snnlng t` akvn mnbtL`sd`w inmonvocf ot dùmg fnt kwky wota snozocf Drolnk ks wnmm.

Vaomn s`ln vòdns oc tan Vnst imklng Fn`rfok b`r pr`v`jocf tan wkr wota Yussok kcg dkmmng`c Wiomoso t` sa`w rnstrkoct kcg tkjn stnps t` olpr`vn rnmkto`cs wota L`sd`w, tan ^jrkocokc

drosos ucgnrmocng tan bkomurn `b tan Vnst t` ucgnrstkcg Yussok's klioto`cs kcg ìhndtovns octan b`rlnr T`vont spkdn, kcg a`w bkr L`sd`w os rnkgy t` f` t` kdaonvn ots ìhndtovns.

Vaomn tan ollngoktn rnkdto`c t` Yussok's ocvkso`c irùfat kiùt k gobbnrnct rnsp`csn br`lWiomoso kcg Jonv, tan ncg rnsumt oc i`ta dksns wks kml`st tan skln: tan ddupkto`c b tnrrot`rons,wota tan octnrckto`ckm d`llucoty uckimn t` lkjn Yussok d`lpmy wota octnrckto`ckmrns`muto`cs gnlkcgocf tan wotagrkwkm b ots tr``ps. Yussok's octnrvncto`c oc jrkocn aks rkosngburtanr d`cdnrcs kiùt tan skbnty `b tan tnrrot`rokm s`vnrnofcty `b Fn`rfok.

Wiomoso a`pns takt tan ^jrkocn drosos lky i`mstnr p`motodkm supp`rt b`r ots `wc snduroty d`cdnrcsrnfkrgocf Yussok.;6 Wanrn os kc nxpndtkto`c takt ot lky pusa Vnstnrc mnkgnrs t` tkjn gndosovnstnps t` spnng up tan rnfo`c's octnfrkto`c wota tan Vnst oc tan skln wky tan Yussokc-Fn`rfokcwkr pr`lptng tan N^ t` spnng up tan Nkstnrc Ukrtcnrsaop (NkU). Waùfa tan NkU g`ns c`td`ctkoc k pr`losn `b nvnctukm N^ lnlinrsaop, ot aks pmkyng kc olp`rtkct r`mn oc d`cs`mogktocftan N^'s fn`strktnfod daòdn `b L`mg`vk, Fn`rfok kcg ^jrkocn. Vaomn N^ mnkgnrs akvn inncuckimn t` irogfn tanor gobbnrncdns oc `rgnr t` gnmovnr tkcfoimn pmkcs takt dùmg dakcfn tanfn`p`motods `b tan rnfo`c, Vksaocft`c snnls t` in tkjocf s`ln stnps oc taos gorndto`c.

Kc olp`rtkct sofckm wks tan rndnct ocotoktovn iy ^T D`cfrnss t` ocotoktn tan Yussokc Kffrnsso`c

Urnvncto`c Kdt `b 95;7 Iomm;1, durrnctmy ucgnr d`csognrkto`c oc tan ^T Tncktn. Ob kfrnng ot wùmgfrkct Fn`rfok, ^jrkocn kcg L`mg`vk lkh`r c`c-CKW@ kmmy (LCCK) stktus, ocdmugocf dm`snroctnrkdto`c iy ^T Krlng B`rdns wota tansn tarnn dùctrons pmus Kznrikohkc. Waùfa kc LCCKstktus g`ns c`t nctkom tan skln lutukm gnbncdn kcg snduroty fukrkctnns kbb`rgng t` CKW@lnlinrs, ob ot pkssns oct` mkw, tan iomm dùmg snt tan stkfn b`r k str`cfnr kbborlkto`c kcg strktnfod

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olp`rtkcdn tan ^T pmkdns `c tan wognr Imkdj Tnk rnfo`c.;? Vaomn tan ^T os c`t prnpkrng t` gnbncgFn`rfok, ^jrkocn kcg L`mg`vk kfkocst Yussok t`gky, ot os olp`rtkct t` dùctnr pnrdnpto`cs takttan ^T (kcg tan Vnst) akvn kdquonsdng t` ocdrnksng Yussokc g`lockcdn oc tan rnfo`c.

Octnrckm olpmodkto`cs `b tan ^jrkocokc drosos

Wan ^jrkocokc drosos os kms` olp`rtkct b`r Fn`rfok's g`lnstod p`motods. Tocdn tan Y`sn kcg@rkcfn Ynv`muto`cs, tan p`motodkm nmotns `b i`ta dùctrons akvn nch`yng str`cf p`motodkm tons.^socf pnrs`ckm d`ctkdts (Tkkjksavomo frkguktng br`l octnrckto`ckm rnmkto`cs oc Jonv), ks wnmmks rnv`muto`ckry s`mogkroty, tan ^CL f`vnrclnct ucgnr Tkkjksavomo nch`yng ucprndngnctngocbmuncdn `vnr ^jrkocokc p`motods. Gurocf aos prnsogncdy, Tkkjksavomo nstkimosang k str`cfd``pnrkto`c wota k culinr `b ^jrkocokc p`motodokcs, ocdmugocf Rojt`r _usadancj` kcg _umokWyl`sancj`. L`rn olp`rtkctmy, tansn mocjs wnrn ocstotuto`ckmosng iy octnr-pkrty d``pnrkto`cusocf kbbomokto`c oc octnrckto`ckm pmktb`rls suda ks tan Nur`pnkc Un`pmn's Ukrty (NUU) kcg`tanr Nur`pnkc strudturns wanrn tan ^CL, t`fntanr wota tan Yuja kcg Iktjovsadayckpkrtons, nch`y tan supp`rt `b Nur`pnkc p`motodokcs takt sakrn tan skln ogn`m`fy. Tkkjksavomonvnc trong t` ocbmuncdn tan ^jrkocokc nmndto`cs oc 95;5 wanc an `pncmy supp`rtng _umokWol`sancj` kfkocst Rojt`r _kcuj`vyda iy sncgocf nmndto`c ìsnrvnrs t` G`cntsj, k p`motodkmstr`cfa`mg `b _kcuj`vyda. Nvnc t`gky, gun t` aos olkfn ks k p`motodkm rnb`rlnr, Tkkjksavomonch`ys sofcobodkct supp rt br`l tan cnw kuta`rotons oc Jonv wota s`ln lnlinrs `b aos b`rlnrtnkl w`rjocf ks kgvos`rs b`r gobbnrnct pkrts `b tan ^jrkocokc f`vnrclnct.

Wan p`mody `b tan FG f`vnrclnct os sofcobodkctmy gobbnrnct br`l takt `b ots prngndnss`rs, wotaWiomoso kikcg`cocf ots pncmy kcto-Yussokc rant`rod. Vaomn tan Fn`rfokc pp`soto`c dkmmng ctan f`vnrclnct t` vòdn ots ucnquov`dkm kcg stnkgbkst p`soto`c oc supp`rt `b ^jrkocn "t`d`cgnlc Yussok's irkznc lomotkry kffrnsso`c." , tan f`vnrclnct rnsp`cgng dkrnbummy. Vaomnot supp`rtng ^jrkocn's tnrrot`rokm octnfroty, ot wks g`cn tarùfa k dkrnbummy w`rgng stktnlnctt` kvòg orrotktocf L`sd`w. ^cmojn tan prnvoùs kglocostrkto`c, tan FG f`vnrclnct prnbnrst` usn gopm`lktod mkcfukfn ocstnkg `b nl`to`ckm stktnlncts t` drotodosn ots c`rtanrccnofaiùr. Wiomoso kms` ucgnrstkcgs tan fn`p`motodkm stkcg-`bb intwnnc Yussok kcg tan Vnst`vnr ^jrkocn mnkvns mottmn spkdn b`r kcy lnkcocfbum ocdnctovns b`r Fn`rfokc gopm`lkdy.

D`cdmuso`c

Gurocf tan pkst tw` gndkgns, socdn rnfkococf ots ocgnpncgncdn, tan lkoc f`km `b Fn`rfok'sb`rnofc kcg g`lnstod p`mody wks t` nsdkpn br`l Yussok's aost`rod, fn`frkpaod kcgdovomozkto`ckm spkdn. Oc s`ln wkys, bmnnocf Yussok's ikdjykrg indkln k ckto`cwogn lkctrknlkcktocf br`l kc ognctoty-iksng ckrrktovn. Vaomn tan sofcocf `b tan KK wota tan N^ os ksofcobodkct stnp t`wkrgs hòcocf "tan Nur`pnkc bklomy `b ckto`cs", ot os stomm c`t wakt tanFn`rfokc p`motodkm dmkss dkmms k "rnturc t` Nur`pn". Vaomn fncnrkto`cs `b Fn`rfokcs akvna`png kcg wkotng gndkgns t` snn taos gky, tany kms` ucgnrstkcg takt tan swnnpocf p`motodkm

kcg nd`c`lod kfrnnlncts g` c`t d`ln wota k pr`losn `b N^ lnlinrsaop kcg takt snroùsdakmmncfns rnlkoc, ocdmugocf Yussokc rntkmokto`c.95

A`wnvnr, gnspotn tan d`lpmnxoty kcg gobbodumtons rnmktng t` tan rnkmoskto`c `b N^ ksporkto`cs,tan pnrspndtovn b`r Fn`rfok's Nur`pnkcoskto`c kcg m`cf-tnrl octnfrkto`c os pnc kcg rnkmostod,

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nspndokmmy wanc `cn d`csognrs tan pòct br`l waoda ot infkc. Fovnc tan znr`-sul ckturn `bFn`rfokc p`motods, Fn`rfok's lkoc dakmmncfn os t` turc tan suddnssbum Nur`pnkc p`mody oct`d`cdrntn stnps t` ocstotuto`ckmosn gnl`drkdy. Ks supp`rt br`l tan Vnst womm rnlkoc drudokm,

Fn`rfok's nd`c`lod gobbodumtons kcg ucnvnc ocd`ln gostroiuto`c lust kms` in kggrnssng. Iyb`mm`wocf suda rnd`llncgkto`cs, Fn`rfok dkc kdaonvn tan gnfrnn `b octnrckto`ckmd``pnrkto`c cnngng t` wkrg `bb Yussokc tarnkts, kcg skbnfukrg ots s`vnrnofcty. Ks rnmkto`csintwnnc Fn`rfok, Yussok kcg tan Vnst krn durrnctmy ucgnrfòcf olp`rtkct dakcfns, otrnlkocs t` in snnc wantanr Fn`rfok womm in kimn t` ikrfkoc tan inst gnkm b`r otsnmb oc taosgnmodktn sotukto`c.

J`rcnmy Jkjkdaok, Ur`bnss`r, Gnpkrtlnct b U`motodkm Tdoncdn, Wiomoso Ttktn ^covnrsoty: Gorndt`r,Fn`rfokc Ocstotutn `b U`motods (FOU)

Ncgc`tns

; Yodakrg Forkf`sokc.Ynfo`ckm Olpmodkto`cs `b tan Fn`rfokc-N^ Kss`dokto`c Kfrnnlnct. Ocvnst`r.fn Ossun 7, 95;7. Kufust-Tnptnlinr.Kvkomkimn kt8 AWWU8//[email protected]/KYWODMN.UAU0KYW-FN-NC.pgb

4 Tnn b`r l rn gntkoms8 Wrkgn Tustkockiomoty Olpkdt Kssnsslnct oc supp`rt `b cnf`tokto`cs `b k GDBWK intwnnc tan N^ kcg Fn`rfok kcgtan Ynpuimod `b L`mg`vk. Nur`pnkc D`llosso`c - GF Wrkgn Y`ttnrgkl, 96 @dtìnr95;9. Kvkomkimn kt8attp8//trkgn.nd.nur`pk.nu/g`dmoi/g`ds/95;9/c`vnlinr/trkg`dP;>5;5>.pgb

7 Rksom Hkokco.Vay ^jrkocn, Fn`rfok Kcg L`mg vk Taùmg Da``sn Wan N @vnr Uutoc's Nurksokc ^co`c, Oc B ur Dakrts. B rins.;4 @dtìnr 95;7 Kvkomkimn kt8attp8//www.b`rins.d`l/sotns/rnkmspoc/95;7/;5/;4/way-ujrkocn-fn`rfok-kcg-l`mg`vk-saùmg-da``sn-tan-nu-`vnr-putocs-nurksokc-uco`c-oc-bùr-dakrts/

> Gkvog ^supksavomo. Fn`rfok's grnkl8 Nur`pnkcozkto`c ks gnl`drktod d`cs`mogkto`c. Cnw Nur`pn ;4.5;.95;7 Kvkomkimn kt8attp8//www.cnur`pn.nu/krtodmn/fn`rfok%N9%15%??s-grnkl-nur`pnkcozkto`c-gnl`drktod-d`cs`mogkto`c

2 Kt tan Vkmns sullot Fn`rfok aks innc pmkdng kl`cf k frùp b ckto`cs - Kustrkmok, Bocmkcg, H rgkc kcg Twngnc - wa` kttkocng kc"nmnvktng stktus" kcg "ncakcdng `pp`rtucotons" `b d``pnrkto`c wota CKW@.

6 Vkmns Tullot Gndmkrkto`c Ossung iy tan Ankgs `b Ttktn kcg F`vnrclnct pkrtodopktocf oc tan lnntocf b tan C`rta Ktmkctod D ucdomoc Vkmns. Urnss Ynmnksn (95;7) ;95. Ossung `c 5> Tnp. 95;7Kvkomkimn kt8 attp8//www.ckt`.oct/dps/nc/cktàq/`bbodokmPtnxtsP;;9?27.atl

1 NjkHkcksaok. CKW@ Frkcts Fn`rfok k "Tuistkctokm Ukdjkfn". DKDO Kckmyst. Tnptnlinr ;6,95;7. Kvkomkimn kt8attp8//www.dkdokckmyst.`rf/puimodkto`cs/bonmg-rnp`rts/otnl/;457?-ckt`-frkcts-fn`rfok-k-suistkctokm-pkdjkfn.atlm

? Kmkskcok8 Fn`rfok womm in kimn t` Ur`durn Kor Gnbncsn, Kcto-Wkcj Tystnls. Dovom Fn`rfok, Tnptnlinr ;5, 95;7. Kvkomkimn kt8attp8//dovom.fn/ncf/krtodmn.pap0og9

;5 Urnss rnmnksn Fncnvk d`csumtkto`cs `c snduroty kcg stkiomoty oc trkcsdkudksok. 1 @dtìnr ,95;7 Kvkomkimn kt8attp8//log.ru/IG@LU/IrpP7.csb/kra/;;6G77994N?2K4?1779>6G2I55>2KIB20@pncG`dulnct

;; I`mstnrocf k Rumcnrkimn Yussokc Cnofai`r8Fn`rfok Os Lkjocf k Dksn b`r CKW@ Lnlinrsaop. Wan Cnw _`rj Wolns. Tnptnlinr ;;,95;7Kvkomkimn kt8 attp8//www.cytolns.d`l/95;7/5?/;9/`poco`c/fn`rfok-os-lkjocf-k-dksn-b`r-ckt`-lnlinrsaop.atlm0srd


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;1 T.9966 - Yussokc Kffrnsso c Urnvncto`c Kdt `b 95;7. Kvkomkimn kt8 attps8//www.d`cfrnss.f`v/iomm/;;4ta-d`cfrnss/sncktn-iomm/9966;? Tnn l`rn8 Xkur Taoroynv. Yussokc Kffrnsso`c Urnvncto`c Kdt `b 95;78 Yklobodkto`cs b`r tan T uta Dkudksus. Nurksok Gkomy L`cot`r

R`muln8 ;; Ossun8 ;79. Kufust 7, 95;7. Kvkomkimn kt8attp8//www.hklnst`wc.`rf/socfmn/0txPttcnws%>IttPcnws%>GIikdjUog%>G


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Yussok's p`modons oc tan Tùta Dkudkdus kbtnr tan drosos oc jrkocn8tan vumcnrkiomotons `b rnkmosl

Kcgrny Lkjkrydanv

Octr`gudto`c

Waos pkpnr os ocsporng iy tw` pkrkg`xns takt kppnkr wanc kckmysocf tan rnpnrdusso`cs `b tan^jrkocn drosos b`r `tanr p`st-T`vont rnfo`cs, oc pkrtodumkr tan Tùta Dkudksus. Borst, tanrn os kpkrkg`xodkm gosdrnpkcdy oc kppr`kdans nlpm`yng iy lkh`r kdt`rs oc tan p`st-T`vont spkdn. Wandrosos oc ^jrkocn wks lkrjng iy kc upsurfn `b nxpmodotmy c`rlktovn gosdùrsns br`l kmm pkrtonsocv`mvng oc tan d`cbmodt. Wan p`mody b tan N^, socdn tan ocdnpto`c b tan Nkstnrc Ukrtcnrsaop (NkU),

aks innc g`locktng iy c`rlktovn/vkmun-grovnc d`csognrkto`cs. Burtanrl`rn, Yussok otsnmbpursung k p`mody vnrwanmlng iy c`rlktovn kcg ognctoty-mkgnc ossuns, br`l rnsostocf tan lkmofcnxpkcso`c `b tan Nur`pnkc moinrkm nlkcdopkto`c t` "pr`tndtocf" Yussokc-spnkjocf p`pumkto`c.

Oc tan Tùta Dkudksus, k rnfo`c takt km`cf wota Nkstnrc Nur`pn, `sdomktns intwnnc tan N^ kcgtan Dust`ls/Nurksokc ^co`c, tan sotukto`c m``js vnry gobbnrnct. Kfkocst tan ikdjfrùcg `bgnvnm`plncts oc ^jrkocn, lkh`r kdt`rs krn ocdrnksocfmy wommocf t` spnkj tan mkcfukfn `brnkmosl. Br`l tan N^ sogn, tanrn os kml`st k d`csncsukm ucgnrstkcgocf takt tan NkU cnngs t` inrnvosng kcg kghustng t` tan cnw rnkmotons `c tan frùcg, ocdmugocf oc tan Tùta Dkudksus. Ot os

c`t ucd`ll`c b`r Fnrlkc nxpnrts tan l`st ocbmunctokm N^ dùctry t` dmkol takt tanNur`pnkcs cnng t` lkjn Yussok rnspndt tanor octnrnsts i`ta oc iomktnrkm rnmkto`cs kcg oc tanorsakrng cnofaiùra``g.;

Lkcy Yussokc nxpnrts rnkgomy kcg v`dobnrùsmy kgvkcdn tanor `wc vnrso`cs `b rnkmosl. T`lndmkol takt Yussok's kccnxkto`c `b Drolnk os c`t gossolomkr br`l tan culnrùs dksns `b mkcgfrkis iy lkh`r p`wnrs tarùfaùt aost`ry.9 @cn `b tan ncsuocf krfulncts os takt wota p`wnr(fn`)p`motods ikdj, "rnsp`csoimn stkjna`mgnrs oc Wiomoso, _nrnvkc kcg Ikju akvn rnkmosng taktsaùmg tanrn in snroùs wkrbkrn oc tan rnfo`c, tanrn womm in c` octnrckto`ckm ocstotuto`c p`wnrbumncùfa t` st`p ot, `r kcy frnkt Nur`pnkc p`wnr rnkgy b`r ankg-`c lomotkry d`mmoso`c t` gnbncg

tanor dmoncts' octnrnsts".4 Tolpmy put, dùctrons oc Yussok's "cnkr kir`kg" dkcc`t nxpndt kcynxtnrckm anmp oc tan nvnct takt tany ncdùtnr snduroty prìmnls wota Yussok. Kc`tanr krfulnctkrtodumktng iy Jrnlmoc m`ykmosts oc tan kbtnrlkta `b tan ^jrkocn drosos dmkols takt tan toln b`rlumto-vndt`rkm p`modons os `vnr, kcg l`st `b tan p`st-T`vont dùctrons saùmg fnt rnkgy t` lkjntanor gnnpmy p`motodkm daòdns.7

Wan dùctrons `b tan Tùta Dkudksus kms` p`soto`c tanlsnmvns wotaoc tan rnkmost pkrkgofl.Wan Fn`rfokc f`vnrclnct gnbocns ots b`rnofc p`mody t`wkrg Yussok ks iksng `c tan dmkssodkmtncnts b Ynkmp`motoj.> Krlncok t`` nxpmkocs ots gndoso`c c`t t` pr`dnng wota tan sofcocf `b ots

Kss`dokto`c Kfrnnlnct (KK) cnf`tokto`cs wota tan N^ oc tan v`dkiumkry `b rkto`ckm daòdn,rnbnrrocf prolkromy t` prkflktod snduroty kcg nd`c`lod d`csognrkto`cs.2 Kznrikohkc, oc spotn`b ots olpmodot goskfrnnlnct wota tan "ncg `b lumto-vndt`rkm p`modons" krfulnct, stodjs t` ots`wc vnrso`c b rnkmosl kolng kt ikmkcdocf Yussok kcg rniuttocf nxkdtmy wakt L`sd`w ocsosts`c: lkjocf k gnbocotn p`motodkm daòdn oc k sotukto`c `b kliofuoty.

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Ot os kt taos pòct takt tan snd`cg pkrkg`x p`ps up8 oc spotn `b k snnlocfmy solomkr mkcfukfn`b ckto`ckm octnrnsts kcg snduroty, tan Tùta Dkudksus os c`t ind`locf skbnr kcg l`rn stkimn.Waos kspndt `b tan gniktn os pkrtodumkrmy skmonct kfkocst tan ikdjgr`p `b k snrons `b wnmm-

krtodumktng nxpmkckto`cs `vnr tan ^jrkocn drosos inocf k rnsumt `b tan Vnst's gospr`p`rtocktnnbb`rts t` pr`l`tn moinrkm vkmuns, waoda lkgn Yussok rnsp`cg.6 _nt b`r ìvoùs rnks`cs tanrnos luda mnss r``l b`r notanr Vnstnrc `r Yussokc "ognkto`ckm `vnrmkys" oc tan Tùta Dkudksus,waoda nxpmkocs tan g`lockto`c `b l`rn rnkmost p`mody brklns oc tan rnfo`c. Vantanr ot lkjnsot l`rn sndurn os vnry gniktkimn.

Ly d`ctroiuto`c t` taos gniktn d`csosts `b ucpkdjocf Yussokc b`rnofc p`mody kppr`kdans t`tan Tùta Dkudksus, b`dusocf `c jny nmnlncts `b Yussok's rnfo`ckm strktnfy, kcg gnsdroiocfots l`st vumcnrkimn pòcts kcg krnks `b d`ctrkgodto`c wota tan N^.

Wan molots `b tan "Yussokc V`rmg"

Wan p`mody `b Yussok Urnsognct Rmkgolor Uutoc oc tan p`st-T`vont krnk oc fncnrkm, kcg oc tanTùta Dkudksus oc pkrtodumkr, os k d`liockto`c `b tw` kppr`kdans takt akvn tanor `wc m`fod,ynt lofat dòcdogn oc lkcy olp`rtkct rnspndts. Wan Jrnlmoc trons t` ikmkcdn intwnnc tan tw`kcg bocg k loggmn frùcg.

@cn kppr`kda os rnprnsnctng iy kgv`dktns `b k rkgodkm ckto`ckmost strktnfy `b b`rdn-iksngg`lockto`c. Lkcy `b tansn ogn`m`funs dmkol takt c` d`lpr`losn wota tan Vnst os kttkockimn,

kcg nvnc prngodt k cnw w`rmg wkr oc waoda Yussok wùmg cnng t` gnbncg otsnmb kfkocst tanocdrnksocfmy kffrnssovn Vnst.1 Lkcy `b tansn vòdns d`ln br`l gobbnrnct sùrdns ùtsogn `btan f`vnrclnct (ocdmugocf tan ckto`ckmostod pkrt `b kdkgnlok kcg tan lomotkry), ynt tanorocbmuncdn os kms` str`cf oc p`mody lkjocf dordmns.

Kc`tanr kppr`kda os krtodumktng iy pr`p`cncts `b k (cn`)rnkmost vnrso`c `b Yussok's strktnfy,b`r wa`l tan bockmot p`motoqunos c`t k b`rdnbum `vnrmky `b Yussokc lofat oc tan cnofaiùrocfrnfo`cs, iut k snkrda b`r k cnw gnkm wota tan Vnst iksng `c k frnkt p`wnr lkckfnlnctl`gnm. Oc tanor rnks`cocf, notanr tan rovkmry wota tan N^ kcg CKW@ "d`ctocuns wotaùt kcy

rumns, r Yussok kcg tan Vnst womm in b`rdng t` bockmmy ind`ln ncfkfng. Oc gòcf s`, tany wommgnbocn tanor octnrnsts, rnsùrdns kcg `pp`rtucotons tarùfa nbbndtovn cnf`tokto`cs kcgd``pnrkto`c, ocstnkg `b tan ncgmnss znr`-sul fklns".?

Wan tw` vnrso`cs `b Yussok's strktnfy sakrn kt mnkst `cn d`ll`c pòct: tan ognk `b tan"Yussokc w`rmg", waoda, b`r ckto`ckmosts, os k lkttnr `b ognctoty, waomn b`r prkflktosts otd`cstotutns kc ocgospncskimn rnsùrdn b`r ikrfkococf wota tan Vnst. Wany kms` d`kmnsdn `c tanpòct `b b`rdocf tan Vnst t` rnd`fcosn tan ocdmuso`c `b Nkstnrc Nur`pn kcg t` s`ln nxtncttan Tùta Dkudksus oct` tan Yussokc spanrn `b octnrnsts.;5 Oc pkrtodumkr, tan d`cdnpt `b k"frnktnr Dkudksus";; takt octncto`ckmmy imurs tan mocns intwnnc ots c`rtanrc kcg sùtanrc pkrts,

snrvns taos purp`sn iy olpmodotmy pòctocf t` tan nxdnpto`ckm r`mn `b Yussok oc taos rnfo`c.

_nt oc tan Tùta Dkudksus Yussok bkdns k rnkmoty suistkctokmmy gobbnrnct br`l Nkstnrc Nur`pn,wota tan jny gostocdto`c inocf k vnry molotng spkdn b`r tan "Yussokc w`rmg" k d`rn d`cdnptkdjc`wmngfng iy i`ta ogn`m`funs kcg prkflktods. Oc tan kisncdn `b str`cf Yussok-`ronctng

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d`llucotons oc kcy b tan tarnn dùctrons b tan rnfo`c, L`sd`w dkc usn tan "Yussokc w`rmg"`cmy ks kc nmnlnct `b ots p`modons t`wkrg Tùta @ssntok kcg Kijakzok. Ks b`r tan rumocf nmotnskcg iusocnss dordmns oc Krlncok, tan l`st pr`-Yussokc dùctry oc tan rnfo`c, tanor m`ykmty t`

tan Jrnlmoc os l`rn prkflktod takc c`rlktovn, kcg os iksng `c prkdtodkm dkmdumkto`cs.

L`rn`vnr, ot os br`l tan rnmofoùs dordmns `b Kijakzok takt tan g`lockto`c `b tan Yussokc@rta`g`x Daurda (Y@D) k pov t `b tan "Yussokc w`rmg" d`cdnpt wks dakmmncfng. G`r bno,tan ankg `b tan snmb-pr`dmkolng Kijakz Daurda, dmkols takt ocstnkg `b dkc`codkm snrvodns,tan L`sd`w Uktrokrdaktn os l`rn inct `c bofatocf Vnstnrc d`csporkdons. Oc aos w`rgs,"Yussokc @rta`g`xy, ucb`rtucktnmy, os d`locf ikdj t` ots prn-rnv`muto`ckry wky `b mobn takt mngt` rnv`muto`c kcg tan gnstrudto`c `b tan daurda otsnmb. O kl skg kiùt k lngonvkmucgnrstkcgocf `b tan daurda losso`c, wota pronsts taocjocf `b tanlsnmvns ks frkcgnns kcg tanncsuocf ncrodalnct... Waos nxpmkocs kmonckto`c br`l tan daurda takt aks m`st rnputkto`ckl`cf dnrtkoc frùps wotaoc Yussok".;9

Wan sdaosl wotaoc tan Kijakz @rta`g`x Daurda intwnnc ta`sn m`ykm t` tan L`sd`wUktrokrdaktn, tan D`cstkctoc`p`mos pkrtokrday kcg tan ocgnpncgosts d`cstotutns k lkh rdakmmncfn t` tan d`cdnpt `b tan "Yussokc w`rmg" oc tan Tùta Dkudksus. Oc spotn `b tan b`rlnrKijakz Urnsognct Kcjvki's gorndt kppnkm t` tan Uktrokrda Joromm, tan mkttnr rnbusns t` rnd`fcosnkcg tkjn ucgnr aos dkc`codkm supnrvoso`c tan Kijakz @rta`g`xy.;4 Waos p`soto`c c`t `cmydrnktns k bnnmocf `b ucdnrtkocty oc rnmkto`cs intwnnc tan Y@D kcg tan Jrnlmoc's p`mody `boctnfrktocf Kijakzok wota Yussok, iut os kms` mklikstng oc Kijakzok ks ucgnrlococf ots

dmkols b`r ocgnpncgncdn br`l Fn`rfok. Waos nxpkcgs k most `b Kijakzokc d`lpmkocts t`wkrgYussok oc l`rn lktnrokm bonmgs gun t` snduroty rnstrodto`cs Kijakzok wks dut `bb br`l tanT`dao @mylpods;7, kcg ots iusocnsslnc bnnm takt Yussok cnfmndtng t` ocvnst oc Kijakzok.Insogns, "ob L`sd`w gndogns t` rngorndt tan tùrost strnkl t` Drolnk, slkmm kcg lngoul sozngiusocnssns oc Kijakzok womm akvn c`taocf mnbt".;>

L`sd`w's kttnlpts t` pr`hndt ots ucgnrstkcgocf `b tan "Yussok w`rmg" iny`cg irnkj-kwkytnrrot`rons dkc in nvnc l`rn prìmnlktod, socdn ot rnvnkms ots str`cf olpnrokm t`cns. "ObKrlncokcs wkct t` bnnm skbn, tany akvn f`t t` spnkj Yussokc", L`sd`w's pr`pkfkcgost-oc-daonb

kcg Yussokc lngok pnrs`ckmoty Glotry Josnmy`v ocstrudtng Yussok's dm`snst Dkudksus kmmyKrlncok.;2 Tuda ocdogncts nxpmkoc tan wognmy sprnkg drotodosl `b tan Yussokc s`bt p`wnr taktoc lkcy suistkctokm rnspndts os grkstodkmmy gossolomkr br`l rktanr takc d`lpmnlnctkry t` tanN^ p`mody t``mjot.

A`w gobbnrnct krn tan N^ kcg Yussok oc tan Tùta Dkudksus0

Wansn nxklpmns sa`w takt tan d`cdnpt `b tan "Yussokc w`rmg" m``js d`ctr`vnrsokm kcg intrkysgnnp fkps intwnnc Yussok's kcg N^'s rnfo`ckm strktnfons. Wany kms` ucvnom takt L`sd`w ocspotn `b ots prnvoùs dmkols kiùt p`st-T`vont octnfrkto`c ks k lnkcs b`r pr`tndtocf tan

s`vnrnofcty `b ots cnofaiùrs kfkocst tan ncdr`kdalncts br`l tan Vnst;6 snnjs t` kis`ritansn s`vnrnofctons rktanr takc strncftanc tanl. K pnrbndt nxklpmn `b taos os k gn bkdt`drnnpocf ocd`rp`rkto`c `b Kijakzok oct` Yussok ks k rntkmokt`ry lnksurn kfkocst Fn`rfoksofcocf tan Kss`dokto`c Kfrnnlnct (KK) wota tan N^, k p`mody l`vn takt, ks tan dksn `b^jrkocn lkgn dmnkr, os k p`wnrbum orrotkct b`r L`sd`w. Waos typn `b rnkdto`c grkstodkmmy gobbnrs

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br`l tan N^'s octnfrkto`c l`gnm takt os gnvòg `b notanr str`cf lomotkry ocstrulncts `r krnd`rg `b goslnlinrocf cnofaiùrocf stktns.

K snd`cg gostocdto`c intwnnc tan N^ kcg Yussok os k vnry gobbnrnct ucgnrstkcgocf `b tanbrnng`l `b daòdn. @cn lky krfun takt L`sd`w's strktnfy t`wkrgs Krlncok os c`tkiùt lkjocf kc `bbnr takt wùmg umtolktnmy dakcfn taos dùctry br`l tan ocsogn, iut rktanrkiùt molotocf Krlncok's sd`pn `b daòdns t` tan pòct `b nmolocktocf tan vnry p`ssoiomoty `bkmtnrcktovns t` tan pr`-Yussokc `ronctkto`c. Kfkoc, ot os c`t tan kganrncdn t` d`ll`c c`rls `rvkmuns, iut tan snduroty trulp dkrg takt L`sd`w usng t` lkjn _nrnvkc st`p ots KK cnf`tkto`cswota Irussnms, nxpm`rocf Krlncok's gnnpmy r``tng d`cdnrcs kiùt Ckf`rc`-Jkrkikja, rktanrtakc ots `wc s`vnrnofcty. Waos os wakt bkdomotktns Yussok's p`mody `b usocf Ckf`rc`-Jkrkikja kswnmm ks Tùta @ssntok kcg Kijakzok ks k pmktb`rl t` pr`hndt ots p`wnr, km`cf wota ncsuocfocstkiomoty, oc tan rnfo`c. Ot os kt taos pòct takt tan cn`d`m`cokm ckturn `b tan Yussokc rnoctnfrkto`cpr`hndt d`lns t` tan surbkdn.;1

K taorg gostocdto`c intwnnc Yussok kcg tan N^ mons oc tan mkdj `b str`cf suprkckto`ckmlndakcosls oc tan L`sd`w-sp`cs`rng octnfrktovn pr`hndt. Glotry Wrncoc suffnstng takt"pnrakps, d`lpkrocf tan sotukto`cs oc tan Ikmjkcs kcg oc tan Tùta Dkudksus, L`sd`wd`ctnlpmktns wantanr ot lkjns sncsn t` i`rr`w s`lntaocf br`l tan N^ t``mjot oc s`mvocf tanprìmnls wota J`s`v` kcg Tnriok".;? Urnsognctokm kgvos`r Tnrfny Fmkzonv nda`ng taos m`fod iyprnsulocf takt tkjocf oct` kddùct i`ta Krlncok's octnfrkto`c wota tan Dust`ls ^co`c kcgtan d`cbmodtukm stktn `b ots rnmkto`cs wota Kznrikohkc, Yussok os octnrnstng oc "tan bummy-bmngfng

pkrtodopkto`c" `b tan mkttnr oc tan Nurksokc ^co`c.95 _nt ot os nxkdtmy kt taos pòct takt tanp`motodkm gnbodoncdy `b tan Nurksokc ^co`c pr`hndt ind`lns ìvoùs, socdn ot os sa`rt `bkis`riocf dkpkdoty `b tan N^ kcg taus dkcc`t pr`gudn k c`rlktovn brklnw`rj nqukmmykppnmmocf t` Krlncok kcg Kznrikohkc. Insogns, kmm kttnlpts t` kuflnct ots p`motodkmd`lp`cncts krn rniubbng iy bnmm`w lnlinrs Jkzkjastkc kcg Inmkrus takt g` c`t snnloctnrnstng oc nxtncgocf tan b`rlkt iny`cg nd`c`lod octnrf`vnrclnctkm kmmokcdn.

K tw`-trkdj s`bt p`wnr

Wan fr`wocf d`lpmnxoty kcg govnrsoty wotaoc tan p`st-T`vont krnk lkjns Yussok d`ln up wotatw` gobbnrnct p`mody strktnfons.

@cn strktnfy os kolng kt tan l`st trùimns`ln dùctry b`r Yussok Fn`rfok. Fn`rfok aks krnd`rg `b lomotkry d`cbr`ctkto`c wota Yussok kcg aks sofcng tan KK, ocdmugocf k Gnnp kcgD`lprnancsovn Brnn Wrkgn Kfrnnlnct (GDBWK) wota tan N^. Yussok prnbnrs t` b`rlumktn otsFn`rfok strktnfy oc s`bt p`wnr tnrls takt d`ctnct-wosn krn iksng `c k culinr `b krfulncts.L`st `b tanl dkc in ognctobong oc kckmysocf 'Wan Dkudksukc Gokm`fun', k L`sd`w-iksngpr`hndt gnsofcng ks `cn nmnlnct `b Yussokc s`bt p`wnr oc Fn`rfok.

Borst, kddnctukto`c `b dumturkm kcg rnmofoùs pr`xoloty wota Fn`rfok os b`r L`sd`w k p`motodkmocstrulnct b`r nlpaksosocf tan ocd`lpktoiomoty `b "trkgoto`ckm" @rta`g`x vkmuns wota tanmoinrkm nlkcdopkt`ry kfncgk `b tan N^ takt kmmnfngmy "dkmms t` rnspndt tan soc" kcg "b`rfntkiùt ckto`cs kcg pktro`tosl".9; Oc pkrtodumkr, tan "T`donty `b Orkjmy tan Tnd`cg", k Fn`rfokcCF@ wota k str`cf @rta`g`x ikdjfrùcg, os gorndtmy ocv`mvng oc tan Yussok-pktr`cosng

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Nurksokcost l`vnlnct. U`motodkmmy taos mnkgs t` tan gorndt pr`hndto`c t` Fn`rfok `b tanJrnlmoc's ^jrkocn gosdùrsn,ks nxnlpmobong iy Yussok's prnsognctokm kgvos`r `c ^jrkocn,Tnrfny Fmkzonv.99

Tnd`cg, ks oc tan dksn b ^jrkocn, L`sd`w ocsosts takt tan 'd`mùr rnv`muto`c' oc Fn`rfok, mngiy Lojakom Tkkjksavomo, wks s`dokmmy ocnbbndtovn kcg p`motodkmmy gntrolnctkm. ^mtolktnmy ot mngt` tan grkstod gntnro`rkto`c `b Fn`rfok's rnmkto`cs wota L`sd`w kcg tan m`ss `b Kijakzok kcgTùta @ssntok oc 9551.94 Tkkjksavomo's supp`rt b`r ^jrkocn's Nur`Lkogkc oc 95;4-95;7 osoctnrprntng ks k d`ctocukto`c `b aos kttkdalnct t` tan ognk `b d`mùr rnv`muto`cs taktumtolktnmy lkrfockmosng aol wotaoc Fn`rfok p`motodkmmy.97 Wan Nur`Lkogkc wks pnrdnovng iyFn`rfokc ckto`ckmosts ks kc kttnlpt t` tkjn rnvncfn kcg rnturc t` tan `mg kfncgk `b pusaocfYussok ùt.9>

Waorg, Yussok trons t` nxpm`rn sjnptodkm kttotugns wotaoc Fn`rfok t`wkrg Vnstnrc ocstotuto`cs,dmkolocf takt tan KK wota tan N^ puts Fn`rfok oc kc ucnqukm p`soto`c.92 Gosdusso`cs kiùttan p`ssoimn gnpm`ylnct oc Fn`rfok `b k CKW@ lomotkry ocbrkstrudturn krn mklikstng ksdakmmncfocf tan pr`dnss `b Fn`rfokc-Yussokc c`rlkmoskto`c.96 _nt fovnc tan aofa mnvnm `bsupp`rt b`r tan N^ oc Fn`rfok kcg tan `cfòcf snduroty d`cdnrcs `vnr Yussok's p`mody kbtnrtan kccnxkto`c `b Drolnk, taos pm`y `b L`sd`w dkc akrgmy in snnc ks vnry suddnssbum.

Yussok kms` trkcsp`sns oct` tan Tùta Dkudksus ots (los)octnrprntkto`c `b tan KK ks kg`dulnct d`cgudovn t` tan rnmnfkto`c `b sofckt`rons' s`vnrnofctons t` tan N^, t` waoda Yussok

rnsnrvns k rofat t` rnsp`cg iy l`rn dm`snmy ocd`rp`rktocf irnkj-kwky tnrrot`rons. Kfkocst taosikdjgr`p tan p`motodkm vkmun `b snpkrktost tnrrot`rons b`r Yussok's m`cf-tnrl strktnfy ind`lnsl`rn ìvoùs8 L`sd`w os nkfnr t` notanr usn tan pnrspndtovn `b kis`riocf tanl oc `rgnr t`gntnr cnofaiùrs br`l nctnrocf oct` k dm`snr rnmkto`csaop wota tan N^, `r kttkda tansntnrrot`rons t` Yussok ks d`lpncskto`c b`r k p`ssoimn bkomurn `b dakcfocf ta`sn dùctrons'b`rnofc p`mody `ronctkto`c.

W` pr`l`tn tansn lnsskfns kcg nstkimosa k iksos b`r gokm`fun wota Wiomoso, L`sd`w usns i`tam`dkm Fn`rfokc vòdns kcg Yussokc nxpnrts. _nt Yussokc s`bt p`wnr nbb`rts krn snroùsmy

gklkfng iy tan p`mody `b kis`riocf Kijakzok. Xurki Kiksaogzn, Fn`rfok's TpndokmYnprnsnctktovn `c Yussok, d`cbnssng takt tan tw` pkrtons rnlkoc `c "rkgodkmmy govnrfnctp`soto`cs", waomn Fn`rfok's Uroln Locostnr Orkjmo Fkroiksavomo kggng takt an aks c`t snnc kcyankgwky oc iomktnrkm rnmkto`cs gnspotn Tkkjksavomo's gnpkrturn br`l `bbodn.91

Yussok's p`modons t`wkrg dùctrons susdnptoimn t` Yussokc ocbmuncdn suda ks Krlncok, waodarnbusng t` d`ctocun kss`dokto`c tkmjs wota tan N^ kcg wota wa`l Yussok aks str`cf sndurotymocjs krn frùcgng oc gobbnrnct prnlosns. Lkcy `b tansn p`modons t`wkrg Krlncok krnpr`l`tng, oc pkrtodumkr, iy k L`sd`w-iksng CF@ cklng Dnctrn b`r Tupp`rt `b Yussokc Krlncokc Ttrktnfod kcg Uuimod Ocotoktovns (DTYKTUO).

Yussok octncto`ckmmy gnpm`ys ots rnmkto`cs wota Krlncok oc tan Nkst-Vnst d`cbr`ctkto`ckmgoda`t`ly, waoda kmm`ws L`sd`w t` pmky k r`mn `b gnbncgocf ots kmmy br`l "gkrj pr`-Vnstnrcb`rdns"9? takt kmmnfngmy krn nkfnr t` gntkda Krlncok br`l burtanr octnfrktocf wota Yussok. Oc tanlnkctoln, Yussok trons t` olpmodotmy tkjn kgvkctkfn `b tan trkgoto`ckmmy sndurotosng pnrdnpto`c `b

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Kznrikohkc oc Krlncok iy dmkolocf, b`r nxklpmn, takt Ikju d`csognrs k dm`snr kmmokcdn wota"Wurjod dùctrons", ocdmugocf Jkzkjastkc kcg Jyrfozstkc, waoda lofat in akrlbum b`r Krlncok.45

Yussok kms` p`pumkrosns `poco`cs `b ta`sn Krlncokc nxpnrts wa` prkosn burtanr kss`dokto`c wota

Yussok, dmkolocf takt oc dksn `b cndnssoty L`sd`w womm gnbncg Krlncok lomotkromy ks ot gog ocKufust 9551, usocf lomotkry b`rdn t` pr`tndt Tùta @ssntok4; kc krfulnct takt gn bkdt`hustobonsc`t `cmy tan Bovn-Gky Vkr intwnnc Fn`rfok kcg Yussok, iut kms` L`sd`w's rnd`fcoto`c `b tantw` irnkj-kwky rnfo`cs. Waos mocn `b taocjocf os kms` k d`csnquncdn `b tan supp`rt takt Yussokfkvn t` Krlncok gurocf tan d`cbmodt `vnr Ckf`rc`-Jkrkikja.

Wan rnbnrncdns t` Kijakzok kcg Tùta @ssntok oc taos d`ctnxt krn olp`rtkct b`r ucgnrstkcgocf`cn `b tan pov tkm krfulncts oc tan Yussokc ckto`ckmostod gosdùrsn tan nxostncdn `b kd`llucoty `b p`st-T`vont tnrrot`rons takt dndngng br`l octnrckto`ckmmy rnd`fcosng dùctronsoc k iog b`r notanr ocgnpncgncdn `r rnoctnfrkto`c wota Yussok. Waos olkfocng d`llucoty dkcin lntkpa`rodkmmy guiing "DOT-9", kcg ocdmugns Wrkcscostrok, Kijakzok, Tùta @ssntok,Ckf`rc`-Jkrkikja, Drolnk kcg b`mm`wocf tan Yussokc-ikdjng ocsurfncdy oc nkstnrc^jrkocn, tan s` dkmmng "C`v`r`ssoyk". Ot os kt taos pòct takt tan ^jrkocn indkln k troffnr b`rk dm`snr kss`dokto`c `b Kijakzok wota Yussok.49 Votaoc taos m`fod, kmm dksns `b p`st-T`vontsnpkrktosl krn ocdmugng oc k wognr podturn `b Vnstnrc pr`v`dktovn p`modons `b bunmocf d`cbmodtstakt Yussok ùfat t` wotastkcg.

Yussok kms` gncons takt tanrn krn frùcgs b`r p`motodkm gosdusso`cs `c lkjocf k daòdn intwnnctan N^ kcg Nurksokc ^co`c8 "Vay pr`tnst, ob Krlncok's kss`dokto`c wota tan Nurksokc Nd`c`lod

^co`c irocfs m`ts `b kgvkctkfns0".44 Krlncok os nxpndtng c`t t` olpr`vn ots f`vnrckcdn, iutsolpmy t` "box p`motodkm stkiomoty", b`r waoda Yussok dkc in `b s`ln anmp8 taus, kdd`rgocf t` tangorndt`r `b tan Takcfako D``pnrkto`c @rfkcoskto`c (TD@) Iusocnss Dmui Gncos Wouroc8 "Vn ocYussok g` akvn mnfosmkto`c `c b`rnofc kfncts, kcg Krlncokc dovom s`donty lofat wosa t`p`sotovnmy kssnss taos nxpnroncdn".47 Oc bkdt, oc dùctnrocf Vnstnrc "gnl`drkdy pr`l`to`c",Yussok ncgs up pr`l`tocf kut`drkdy oc tan cnofaiùrocf dùctrons. Burtanrl`rn, Yussok os kms`kimn t` usn tan bnkr kl`cf tan Krlncokc p`motodkm nmotn `b kc "Krlncokc Lkogkc".4>

Wan akrg/s`bt p`wnr gomnllk

Wan ognk `b lkjocf Yussok l`rn kttrkdtovn kcg rnmokimn t` ots Tùta Dkudksus cnofaiùrs oskms` iksng `c k str`cf lomotkry frùcg, `b waoda Krlncok os pnrakps tan inst nxklpmn.

Wan lomotkry krfulnct Yussokc tr``ps oc Krlncok ks k snduroty fukrkctnn kfkocst k p`ssoimnkttnlpt t` tkjn ikdj Ckf`rc`-Jkrkikja iy Kznrikohkc wks tan l`st ocstrulnctkm ocgossukgocf _nrnvkc t` pr`dnng wota ots KK. _nt k gorndt olpkdt `b prnvnctocf Krlncok br`lsofococf tan KK wota tan N^ os Yussok's gnnpnr nctkcfmnlnct wota tan Ckf`rc`-Jkrkijkad`cbmodt, waoda `cmy d`lpmodktns L`sd`w's p`mody `b strojocf k ikmkcdn intwnnc tan tw`d`cbmodtocf pkrtons.

Tofckms br`l L`sd`w oc taos rnspndt krn bkr br`l d`cdmusovn. @c tan `cn akcg, L`sd`w akst` in sncsotovn t` Krlncok's nxpndtkto`cs vos--vosots lnlinrsaop `b tan Nurksokc Nd`c`lod^co`c (NN^). Wakt ot os k lnkcs t` c`t `cmy fnt nd`c`lod, iut b`rnl`st, snduroty kgvkctkfnsoc ots d`cbmodt wota Kznrikohkc.42 D`m. Kcgrny Yuzocsjy, d`llkcgnr `b Yussok's ;59cg Lomotkry

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Iksn kt Fyulro oc Krlncok, kbborlng Yussok's prnpkrngcnss kcg octncto`c t` "hòc tan krlngd`cbmodt" kfkocst Kznrikohkc ob ot "gndogns t` rnst`rn hurosgodto`c `vnr Ckf`rc`-Jkrkikja iyb`rdn".46 Burtanrl`rn, s`ln kckmysts prngodt takt Yussok lky kms` snnj t` ocdrnksn tan r`mn `b

tan D`mmndtovn Tnduroty Wrnkty @rfkcozkto`c (DTW@), ks `p`sng t` tan @TDN Locsj frùp,waoda ks innc gnkmocf wota tan d`cbmodt socdn tan nkrmy ;??5s kcg `b waoda Yussok, km`cfwota Brkcdn kcg tan ^T, os k d`-dakor.41

A`wnvnr, taos p`mody os d`ctnstng iy lkcy nxpnrts wa` wa` inmonvn ot os ucmojnmy takt Yussokwomm tkjn taos rùtn fovnc takt "Yussok womm akvn t` sustkoc ankvy m`ssns bofatocf kc ncnly taktot aks otsnmb krlng t` tan tnnta, waoda tan Yussokc p`pumkto`c womm c`t ucgnrstkcg `rsupp`rt".4? Burtanrl`rn, lnlinr `b tan Yussokc Urnsognctokm Dùcdom `c Aulkc YofatsLkjsol Tanvdancj` stktng takt Yussok aks t` anmp tan Kznrikohkco rnbufnns rnturc t`Ckf`rc`-Jkrkikja, kcg nxdmugng tan p`ssoiomoty `b supp`rt b`r k Yussokc-mng lomotkry`pnrkto`c br`l tan DTW@, socdn Jkrkikja os c`t pkrt `b kcy `b ots lnlinr stktns.75

Yussok sncgs klodkimn lnsskfns t` Kznrikohkc tryocf t` prnvnct k p`ssoimn kmonckto`c `b tandùctry ks k rnsumt `b Krlncok's kddnsso`c t` tan NN^. B`r nxklpmn, Gnputy Uroln LocostnrGlotry Y`f`zoc suffnstng takt tan Vnst's skcdto`cs kfkocst Yussok snrvng t` ocdrnksn trkgnintwnnc Yussok kcg Kznrikohkc, strncftancocf nd`c`lod tons.7; K hùrckmost br`l tan Jrnlmoc-m`ykm "Y`sikmt" kfncdy suffnstng takt "b`r L`sd`w ot wùmg in l`rn olp`rtkct t` snnKznrikohkc, c`t Krlncok, oc tan Nurksokc ^co`c".79

Wanrnb`rn, Yussok's p`mody os t` mnkvn tan g``r `pnc t` Kznrikohkc oc i`ta nd`c`lod kcgsnduroty spanrns. Kfkocst tan ikdjfrùcg `b tan ocdrnksocf tarnkt nlkcktocf br`l tanOsmklod Ttktn (OT), Yussok dmkols takt Krlncok, ots lomotkry kmmy oc tan Tùta Dkudksus, os ludainttnr pr`tndtng kfkocst rkgodkm Osmklosl takc Fn`rfok kcg Kznrikohkc.74 Wanrn krn nvncvòdns krfuocf takt tan Yussokc lomotkry iksn oc Fyulro dkc in k pr`tndtovn b`rdn b`r tannctorn Tùta Dkudksus.77

Yussok's rnmkto`cs wota Fn`rfok kcg Kijakzok krn kc`tanr nxklpmn `b s`bt p`wnr inocfdm`snmy octnrd`ccndtng wota Yussok's lomotkry rnsùrdns. Ocgnng, pnrspndtovns b`r s`bt-p`wnr-

iksng p`st-d`cbmodt snttmnlnct wogncng wota tan Fn`rfokc kuta`rotons gostkcdocftanlsnmvns br`l tan p`modons `b Tkkjksavomo. L`sd`w usns tan drolockm dksn `pncng kfkocstTkkjkavomo t` vkmogktn ots octnrprntkto`c `b tan d`mùr rnv`muto`cs ks ucb`rtucktn kcggntrolnctkm gnvnm`plncts `rdanstrktng iy nxtnrckm p`wnrs. Ot os taos krfulnct taktbkdomotktns tan rkppr`danlnct intwnnc L`sd`w kcg Wiomoso br`l tan Dkudksokc Gokm`funocotoktng iy tan F`rdakj`v Bùcgkto`c t` tan rnsulpto`c `b kor d`llucodkto`c intwnnc tantw` dùctrons.

A`wnvnr kmm taos gog c`t prnvnct Fn`rfok br`l sofcococf tan KK wota tan N^ kcg br`lsnnjocf frnktnr octnfrkto`c wota CKW@, t` waoda Yussok rnsp`cgng wota tan Yussokc-Kijakz

Wrnkty `c Ukrtcnrsaop kcg Octnfrkto`c oc waoda tan lomotkry d`lp`cnct os jny. Waos suffnststakt Yussok's s`bt p`wnr oc Kijakzok os ankvomy iksng `c akrg p`wnr rnsùrdns. Ot os c`tocdognctkm takt Fn`rfok's KK wota tan N^ ucmnksang k cnw wkvn b sndurotoskto`c oc rnmkto`csintwnnc L`sd`w kcg Wiomoso, wota lkcy oc Fn`rfok prnsulocf takt tanor dùctry lofat intan cnxt tkrfnt `b tan Jrnlmoc kbtnr ^jrkocn.7>

9>


26/110

D`cdmuso`c

Oc taos pkpnr O akvn krfung takt gun t` snroùs dumturkm kcg p`motodkm d`cstrkocts Yussok dkcc`t

rnmy `c s`bt p`wnr wota tan d`cdnpt `b tan "Yussokc w`rmg" kt ots d`rn ks kc nbbndtovnocstrulnct oc tan Tùta Dkudksus. Wanrnb`rn, ognks `b dovomoskto`ckm pr`xoloty, sakrng vkmunskcg aost`rodkm d`ll`ckmoty krn `b `cmy molotng usn t` L`sd`w's gopm`lkdy.

_nt ot rnlkocs gùitbum takt rnmokcdn `c lktnrokm octnrnsts kcg paysodkm gnpncgncdn `c Yussok(br`l lkrjnt t` snduroty) d`cstotutns k s`mog bùcgkto`c b`r Yussokc m`cf-tnrl anfnl`cy octan rnfo`c. Ynkmost p`modons g` c t usukmmy drnktn k cnw octnrckto`ckm rnkmoty tany krn l`rninct `c lkoctkococf k stktus qu`, b`rlocf kg-a`d d`kmoto`cs kfkocst nxtnrckm tarnkts, `rtkjocf tnlp`rkm kgvkctkfns b `tanrs' losstnps. Votaùt k dmnkr c`rlktovn d`lp`cnct Yussoktncgs t` ocdrnksn ots snduroty kcg bockcdokm d`llotlncts t` ots sùtanrc cnofaiùrs wotaùtcndnsskromy strncftancocf tanor m`ykmty oc rnsp`csn. Oc L`sd`w-gnpncgnct Kijakzok tanpr`spndt b ocd`rp`rkto`c oct` Yussok os k lkttnr b gnnp p`motodkm d`ctr`vnrsy: oc Krlncok tankddnsso`c t` tan Nurksokc Nd`c`lod co`c os wognmy pnrdnovng ks "k daòdn b k mnssnr nvom".72

L`rnvnr tan nxklpmn `b ^jrkocn snct d`ctr`vnrsokm lnsskfns t` _nrnvkc8 "tan dksn `b Drolnkdkc in pnrdnovng ks pr`vocf tan vnrkdoty `b Krlncokc p`mody oc Jkrkikja, ynt Gìckss os kst`ry `b k prodn t` in pkog b`r taos".76

Insogns, Yussokc rnkmosl os vumcnrkimn oc `cn l`rn rnspndt: ot cnvnr str`cfmy d`cdnptukmosngtan vnry ognk `b ckto`ckm octnrnst, prnbnrrocf t` mnkvn ot buzzy. Waos mnkgs t` lumtopmn

ocd`csostncdons oc Yussok's p`modons oc tan Tùta Dkudksus. L`sd`w mkliksts tan Vnst b`rmnfotolosocf J`s`v`'s klioto`cs b`r ocgnpncgncdn, ynt g`ns nxkdtmy tan skln oc kmm snpkrktosttnrrot`rons oc tan Tùta Dkudksus kcg iny`cg. Wan Jrnlmoc vommobons tan N^, iut i`rr`ws lkcy`b ots p`mody t``ms wanc mkucdaocf ots `wc octnfrkto`c pr`hndt. Yussokc gopm`lkdy ankvomyocvnsts oc gnvnm`pocf s`bt p`wnr rnsùrdns oc Fn`rfok, waoda krn tanc ucgnrlocng iy k p`mody`b gn bkdt`kccnxkto`c `b Kijakzok, ntd. K l`rn `r mnss dmnkr voso`c `b Yussok's m`cf-tnrlstrktnfy oc tan rnfo`c os akrgmy olkfockimn wotaùt k s`mog c`rlktovn bùcgkto`c: k mkdj tanrn`bturcs Yussokc rnkmosl oct` k hustobodkto`c b`r l`stmy tnlp`rkm kcg sotukto`ckm kghustlnct t`p`modons `b `tanrs.

Kcgrny Lkjkrydanv, Funst Ur bnss`r, Ocstotutn b F`vnrclnct kcg U motods, ^covnrsoty b Wkrtu

Ncgc`tns

; Ttnbkc Lnostnr. I`m'san rnkmozlk v `tc`sancokja NT-Y`ssoyk. Gnutsdan Vnmmn, @dtìnr 6, 95;4, kvkomkimn ktattp8//www.gw.gn/%G5%IK%G5%IN%G5%ID%G5%ID%G5%I>%G5%IG%G;%19%G5%I5%G;%15%G5%I1%G5%I?-% G 5 % I ; % G 5 % I N % G 5 % I I % G ; % 1 D % G ; % 1 1 % G 5 % I > -% G ; % 1 5 % G 5 % I > % G 5 % I 5 % G 5 % I I % G 5 % I 1 % G 5 % I 6 % G 5 % I D % G 5 % I 5 - % G 5 % I 9 -

%G5%IN%G;%19%G5%IG%G5%IN%G;%11%G5%I>%G5%IG%G5%I1%G;%1B%G;%1>-%G5%I>%G;%1;-%G;%15%G5%IN%G;%1;%G;%1;%G5%I1%G;%1B/k-;6;;6551

9 Kckstksok Iìoj. ^jrkocn8 Vakt stkrtng ks Ynkmp`motoj dùmg ncg ks k dmksa `b dovomozkto`c. Yussok Gorndt, 4 Humy 95;7, kvkomkimn ktattp8//www.russok-gorndt.`rf/kckmysos/ujrkocn-wakt-stkrtng-rnkmp`motoj-dùmg-ncg-dmksa-dovomozkto`cs

4 Lkxol Tudaj`v. Nda`ns `b tan ^jrkocokc Drosos oc tan Tùta Dkudksus. L`sd`w Dkrcnfon Dnctnr, 97 @dtìnr 95;7, kvkomkimn ktattp8//dkrcnfon.ru/nurksokùtm``j/0bk65>

7 By g`r Mujokc v. J`cnts lc`f vnjt rc sto, Y`ssoosjkyk Fkzntk, 7 Hucn 95;7, kvkomkimn kt

92
http://www.dw.de/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B2-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85-%D0%B5%D1%81http://www.dw.de/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B2-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85-%D0%B5%D1%81http://www.dw.de/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B2-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85-%D0%B5%D1%81http://www.dw.de/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B2-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85-%D0%B5%D1%81http://www.dw.de/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B2-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85-%D0%B5%D1%81http://www.dw.de/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B2-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85-%D0%B5%D1%81http://www.russia-direct.org/analysis/ukraine-what-started-realpolitik-could-end-clash-civilizationshttp://www.russia-direct.org/analysis/ukraine-what-started-realpolitik-could-end-clash-civilizationshttp://www.russia-direct.org/analysis/ukraine-what-started-realpolitik-could-end-clash-civilizationshttp://carnegie.ru/eurasiaoutlook/?fa=5705http://carnegie.ru/eurasiaoutlook/?fa=5705http://www.dw.de/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B2-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85-%D0%B5%D1%81http://www.dw.de/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B2-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85-%D0%B5%D1%81http://www.dw.de/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B2-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85-%D0%B5%D1%81http://www.dw.de/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B2-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85-%D0%B5%D1%81http://www.dw.de/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B2-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85-%D0%B5%D1%81http://www.russia-direct.org/analysis/ukraine-what-started-realpolitik-could-end-clash-civilizationshttp://carnegie.ru/eurasiaoutlook/?fa=5705


27/110

attp8//www.rf.ru/95;7/52/57/lc`f`vnjt`rc`st.atlm> Wng` Gzakpkrogzn. ^ L`sjvy prìmnlk s v`sproyktonl imozacnf` zkruinzaok, Mnctk.ru, ;1 Hkcukry 95;7, kvkomkimn kt

attp8//mnctk.ru/krtodmns/95;7/5;/;1/hkpkrogzn/2 Kmnxkcgnr Osjkcgkrokc. Krlncoo cuzack Y`ssoyk, k Y`ssoo - Krlncok, "Yussok oc Fmìkm Kbbkors", ;5 @dtìnr 95;7, kvkomkimn kt

attp8//www.fmìkmkbbkors.ru/ujrkocnPdrysos/Krlncoo-cuzack-Y`ssoyk-k-Y`ssoo---Krlncoyk-;654;6 Golotro Tolns, Ynkwkjncocf kc Nlporn, Wan Ckto`ckm Octnrnst, Humy-Kufut 95;7, pp. >-;>.1 Tnn lumtopmn puimodkto`cs `b Ozi`rsjy Dmui, k d`csnrvktovn taocj tkcj, kt attp8//www.gyckd`c.ru/ocgnx.pap? Tnrfny Lkrjng`c`v. K gkcfnrùs 'takw' oc tan 'br`znc d`cbmodts' oc tan p`st-T`vont spkdn, Yussok Gorndt, 2 Kufust 95;7, kvkomkimn kt

attp8//www.russok-gorndt.`rf/kckmysos/gkcfnrùs-takw-br`znc-d`cbmodts-p`st-s`vont-spkdn;5 Tnrfny Lkrjng`c v. Y ssoyk o j`cbmojty ck I`m'sa`l Jkvjkzn8 v pòsjkja `ptolkm'cyja rnsancoy. Yussokc Dùcdom `c Octnrckto`ckm

Kbbkors, 97 Kprom 95;7, kvkomkimn kt attp8//russokcdùcdom.ru/occnr/0ogP714#t`p;; Yki`dann s`vnsdakcon p` prìmnlkl I`m'sa`f` Jkvjkzk. Yussokc Dùcdom `c Octnrckto`ckm Kbbkors, 4; Hkcukry 95;7, kvkomkimn kt

attp8//russokcdùcdom.ru/occnr/0ogP71946.satlm;4 Kcjvki p`pr`som L`sj`vsjoy pktrokrjakt vzokt' p`g `po`ju tsnrj`v'Kijakzoo, Jkvjkzsjoy ^znmwni sotn, 9> Lky 95;4, kvkomkimn kt

attp8//www.jkvjkz-uznm.ru/krtodmns/997269/

;7 Fo`rfo M`lskgzn. Yussok Dm`sns G``r `c Kijakzok b`r @mylpods, NurksokCnt, 1 C`vnlinr 95;4, kvkomkimn ktattp8//www.nurksokcnt.`rf/c`gn/26679

;> Osmkl Wnjusanv. Lkogkc d`lns t` Kijakzok, @pnc Gnl`drkdy, 91 Lky 95;7, kvkomkimn ktattps8//www.`pncgnl`drkdy.cnt/`g-russok/osmkl-tnjusanv/lkogkc-d`lns-t`-kijakzok

;2 Fo`rfo M`lskgzn. Jrnlmoc Ur`pkfkcgk-Daonb Ksjs Krlncokcs t` Tpnkj Yussokc, ;9 Hucn 95;7, kvkomkimn ktattp8//www.nurksokcnt.`rf/c`gn/21>>;0utl

;6 Wol`bno I`rgkdanv, Nurksokc ^co`c8 Octnfrkto`c b`r tan Tkjn `b T`vnrnofcty, Rkmgko Octnrckto`ckm Gosdusso`c Dmui, ;7 @dtìnr 95;7,kvkomkimn kt attp8//vkmgkodmui.d`l/cnkrPkir`kg/2465;.atlm

;1 Ikijnc GnrFrof`rokc. Krlncok's Lnlinrsaop oc tan NN^ Ykosns L`rn [unsto`cs Wakc Ot Kcswnrs. Ksikrnz.d`l, ;6 @dtìnr95;7,kvkomkimn kt attp8//ksikrnz.d`l/;96??4/krlncok%N9%15%??s-lnlinrsaop-oc-tan-nnu-rkosns-l`rn-qunsto`cs-takc-ot-kcswnrs/

;? Glotry Wrncoc. Y`ssoo-juln vso` Fruzok ck uln0 Dkrcnfon L`sd`w Dnctnr, ;1 C`vnlinr 95;4, kvkomkimn kt8www.dkrcnfon.ru/nurksokùtm``j/0bk4296

95 Tnrfny Fmkzonv. Kznrikogzakc - vkzacnosaoy pkrtco`r Y`ssoo ck Jkvjkzn. Jkvp`motOcb`rlkto`c Kfncdy, ;; Hucn 95;7, kvkomkimn ktattp8//jkvp`mot.d`l/krtodmns/fmkznvPkznrikhgzakcPvkzacnhsaohPpkrtcnrPr`ssooPck->1;6/

9; Ckck Gnvgkrokco. Nvr`gnskct v Uktrokrjaoo, "Y`ssoyk-Fruzok8 Nxpnrtcoy Gokm`f" wni p`rtkm, 92 Lky 95;7, kvkomkimn ktattp8//www.fn`rfokl`cot`r.`rf/gntkom.pap0OG29

99 Krdaom Dajògzn. Y`ssoyk cn osp`m'zunt p`tnctsokm svòja st`r`ccoj`v, j`t`ryn nst' v Fruzoo. CnwsFn`rfok, ;9 Bnirukry 95;7, kvkomkimnkt attp8//cnwsfn`rfok.ru/pòct/95;759;9/9;242>>4>.atlm

94 Coj mky Tomknv. Rt`r n profmksancon, Mnctk.ru, 96 @dtìnr 95;7, kvkomkimn kt attp8//mnctk.ru/krtodmns/95;7/;5/96/g`f`v`r/97 Fn rfy Lgovkco. Jkj ujrkocsjon sìytoyk pìmoykmo ck r`ssosj`-fruzocsjon `tc`sancok, "Y`ssoyk-Fruzok8 Nxpnrtcoy Gokm`f" wni p`rtkm,

;? Lkrda 95;7, kvkomkimn kt attp8//www.fn`rfokl`cot`r.`rf/gntkom.pap0OG2;9> Ckck Gnvgkrokco. Lkogkc ozlncom lor`vò p`rokg`j, "Y`ssoyk-Fruzok8 Nxpnrtcoy Gokm`f" wni p`rtkm, ;2 Lkrda 95;7, kvkomkimn kt

attp8//www.fn`rfokl`cot`r.`rf/gntkom.pap0OG>192 Fo`rfo Lgovkco. Urkvomk ofry NT s Fruzony cnm'zok sdaotkt' rkvc`prkvcylo, "Y`ssoyk-Fruzok8 Nxpnrtcoy Gokm`f" wni p`rtkm, 9; Lky 95;7,

kvkomkimn kt attp8//www.fn`rfokl`cot`r.`rf/gntkom.pap0OG61

96 Xkkm Kcgzakpkrogzn. Urolnt mo Fruzok ì`r`cotnm'cyn systnly CKW@0 "Y`ssoyk-Fruzok8 Nxpnrtcoy Gokm`f" wni p`rtkm, ;7 Lky 95;7,kvkomkimn kt attp8//www.fn`rfokl`cot`r.`rf/gntkom.pap0OG62

91 Fruzok cn vogot p`motodansj`f` pr`frnssk v gokm`fn s YB. Wan Ròdn b Klnrodk, ;6 @dtìnr 95;7, kvkomkimn ktattp8//www.f`m`s-klnrojo.ru/d`ctnct/fn`rfok-russok/97169;2.atlm

9? Y`ssoyk vm`zaotsk v Krlncoyu. ^tr`.ruwni p`rtkm, ;> @dtìnr 95;7, kvkomkimn ktattp8//www.utr`.ru/krtodmns/95;7/;5/;>/;9;6552.satlm

45 YBo Krlncok cuzagkyutsk gruf v grufn, zkykvomo udakstcojo tnmnl`stk. YOK-C`v`sto Ocb`rlkto`c Kfncdy, 9? Tnptnlinr 95;7, kvkomkimnkt attp8//rok.ru/p`motods/95;75?9?/;592;474??.atlm

4; Tnrfny Takjkrokcts. Krlncok p`mudaot `t vstupmncok v NKNT susdanstvnccyn vyf`gy. YOK-C`v`sto Ocb`rlkto`c Kfncdy, ;1 @dtìnr 95;7,kvkomkimn kt attp8//rok.ru/w`rmg/95;7;551/;596747676.atlm

49 _uroo J`s`v. Totuktsoyu v Kijakzoo cuzac` rksslktrovkt' sjv`z' prozlu C`v`r`ssoo, DTYKTUO wni sotn, kvkomkimn ktattp8//russok-krlncok.ocb`/c`gn/?269

44 R Nrnvkcn ìsugomo vnr`yktc`st' pr`vngncok Lkogkck v Krlncoo, DTYKTUO wni sotn, @dtìnr ;5, 95;7, kvkomkimn ktattp8//russok-krlncok.ocb`/c`gn/;;;74

47 Oiog.4> Oiog.42 Tausakc Jaktmklkgzakc. NKNT - v`zl`zac`st' ujrnpmncok inz`pksc`sto Krlncoo, DTYKTUO wni sotn, ;5 Humy 95;7, kvkomkimn kt

attp8//russok-krlncok.ocb`/c`gn/;561746 Kmnxkcgr`s Untnrsnc. Yussok Ta`ws Ots Akcg `c Jkrkikja, N^ @isnrvnr, ;1 C`vnlinr 95;4, kvkomkimn kt

attp8//nuìsnrvnr.d`l/`poco`c/;99549

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://www.georgiamonitor.org/detail.php?ID=578http://www.georgiamonitor.org/detail.php?ID=576http://www.golos-ameriki.ru/content/georgia-russia/2487216.htmlhttp://www.utro.ru/articles/2014/10/15/1217006.shtmlhttp://ria.ru/politics/20140929/1026134399.htmlhttp://ria.ru/world/20141008/1027434747.htmlhttp://russia-armenia.info/node/9672http://russia-armenia.info/node/11143http://russia-armenia.info/node/10784http://euobserver.com/opinion/122032


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Kznrikohkc's b`rnofc p`mody K cnw pkrkgofl `bdkrnbum prkflktosl

Bkrakg Lkllkg`v

Octr`gudto`c

Ttrktnfodkmmy m`dktng kt tan dr`ssr`kgs `b tan nkst-wnst kcg c`rta-sùta trkcsp`rtkto`cd`rrog`rs, Kznrikohkc, wota ots vkst aygr`dkri`c ncnrfy rnsnrvns, os k dùctry `b pkrtodumkrolp`rtkcdn oc tan Tùta Dkudksus. Ot wks tan borst t` hòc tan Wrkcsp`rtkto`c D`rrog`r Nur`pn-Dkudksus-Ksok (WYKDNDK) pr`frklln kcg os k jny ocotokt`r `b tan Ikju-Wiomoso-Jkrs rkomwkykcg tan cnw gry-dkrf` tnrlockm kt tan octnrckto`ckm snkp`rt oc Kmkt waoda, `cdn d`lpmntng,

womm ocdrnksn trkgn kcg nd`c`lod kdtovoty oc tan wognr Dkspokc kcg Dnctrkm Ksok. Kt tan sklntoln Kznrikohkc's òm strktnfy, gnvnm`png iy b`rlnr Urnsognct kcg ckto`ckm mnkgnr AnygkrKmoynv, kols t` usn tan dùctry's ncnrfy rndùrsns t` grovn nd`c`lod kdtovoty iy d``pnrktocfwota mkrfn b`rnofc d`lpkcons `c tan procdopmn `b lutukm incnbot.

Wan d`lpmnx fn`p`motodkm tanktrn `b tan Tùta Dkudksus aks sofcobodkctmy ocbmuncdngKznrikohkc's b`rnofc p`mody. Wan bkdt takt tan fn`p`motodkm kcg fn`-nd`c`lod octnrnsts `bYussok, Wurjny kcg Orkc, ks wnmm ks, t` k dnrtkoc nxtnct, tan ^T kcg tan N^, dmksa oc tan rnfo`cd`lpnms Kznrikohkc t` lkoctkoc k prkflktod b`rnofc p`mody. ^cmojn ots cnofaiùrs, Fn`rfok

kcg Krlncok, waoda akvn lkgn k dmnkr daòdn oc tnrls `b tanor fn`p`motodkm `ronctkto`c Fn`rfok lkjocf Nur`-Ktmkctod octnfrkto`c wota lnlinrsaop `b tan Nur`pnkc ^co`c (N^) kcgCKW@ k pro`roty, kcg Krlncok hòcocf tan Yussokc-mng D`mmndtovn Tnduroty Wrnkty @rfkcoskto`c(DTW@) kcg l`rn rndnctmy tan Nurksokc Nd`c`lod ^co`c Ikju pursuns k ikmkcdng b`rnofcp`mody takt os iksng `c tan c`rls kcg procdopmns `b octnrckto`ckm mkw. Ynspndtocf tans`vnrnofcty kcg tnrrot`rokm octnfroty `b kmm stktns kcg c`c-octnrbnrncdn oc tanor octnrckm kbbkorskrn tan fuogocf procdopmns `b Ikju's octnrkdto`c wota `tanr dùctrons. Kznrikohkc kms`lkoctkocs k stkimn p`soto`c `c fmìkm kcg rnfo`ckm ossuns, ncgnkvùrocf t` kdt ks kprngodtkimn kdt`r oc iomktnrkm kcg lumtomktnrkm rnmkto`cs.

Kznrikohkc pkrtodopktns oc vkroùs fmìkm kcg rnfo`ckm pmktb`rls, ocdmugocf tanD`ll`cwnkmta b Ocgnpncgnct Ttktns (DOT), tan @rfkcozkto`c b`r Gnl`drkdy kcg Nd`c`lodGnvnm`plnct (F^KL), Ukrmoklnctkry Kssnlimy `b tan Dùcdom `b Nur`pn (UKDN) kcg N^Nkstnrc Ukrtcnrsaop (NkU), tan @rfkcozkto`c `b tan Osmklod D``pnrkto`c (@OD), tan Imkdj TnkNd`c`lod D``pnrkto`c (ITND), tan Nd`c`lod D``pnrkto`c @rfkcoskto`c (ND@), WanD``pnrkto`c Dùcdom `b Wurjod Tpnkjocf Ttktns (DDWT), kcg `tanrs.

Kznrikohkc aks kms` ncgnkvùrng t` iuomg k str`cf kcg d`lpntotovn nd`c`ly, gnnlocf ot wommkmm`w tan dùctry t` in ocgnpncgnct oc gndoso`cs d`cdnrcocf ots rnsùrdn lkckfnlnct. Ot os

dakmmncfocf t` in surrùcgng iy frnkt stktns wota aufn nd`c`lons kcg rnlkoc ocgnpncgnct`r ùtsogn tanor nd`c`lod `riot. Wanrnb`rn, Kznrikohkc os d`llottng t` lkoctkococf k sndurnd`rrog`r intwnnc Nur`pn kcg Ksok b`r tan brnn bm`w `b trkgn, pn`pmn, ncnrfy, rnsùrdns,tndac`m`fy kcg d`llucodkto`cs. Ncsurocf ots iogorndto`ckm `pnccnss t` i`ta Nur`pn kcgKsok os k drudokm bkdt`r oc b`rlumktocf ots b`rnofc p`mody strktnfy.

9?


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Wan rnsumts `b taos p`mody krn nvognct Kznrikohkc os tan borst dùctry t` akvn innc nmndtng ksk c`c-pnrlkcnct lnlinr `b tan ^cotng Ckto`cs (^C) Tnduroty Dùcdom oc tan TùtaDkudksus kcg Dnctrkm Ksok rnfo`c, kcg `cmy tan snd`cg oc tan D`ll`cwnkmta `b

Ocgnpncgnct Ttktns (DOT) rnfo`c. Kznrikohkc t``j ots snkt kt tan ^C Tnduroty Dùcdom oc nkrmyHkcukry 95;9 kcg dakorng tan Dùcdom gurocf Lky 95;9. Oc aos kggrnss t` tan TndurotyDùcdom `c 7 Lky 95;9, Urnsognct Omakl Kmoynv ucgnrmocng oc pkrtodumkr takt "taos os k iofrnsp`csoiomoty, kcg wn krn rnkgy t` kssuln takt rnsp`csoiomoty. Kznrikohkc womm gnbncg tanognks `b hustodn, octnrckto`ckm mkw kcg pnkdnbum d``pnrkto`c intwnnc kmm dùctrons.";

Waos pkpnr kckmysns Kznrikohkc's b`rnofc p`mody oc tnrls `b ots rnmkto`cs wota tan Nur`-Ktmkctodocstotuto`cs (CKW@ kcg tan N^) kcg Yussok, kt k toln wanc tan w`rmg os bkdng wota tan l`stsofcobodkct d`cbr`ctkto`c intwnnc tan Vnst kcg Yussok socdn tan ncg `b tan D`mg Vkr, kcgtan d`csnquncdns `b taos b`r Kznrikohkc. A`w Kznrikohkc da``sns t` d`cgudt ots b`rnofcp`mody womm akvn olpmodkto`cs c`t `cmy b`r ots `wc ckto`ckm s`vnrnofcty, iut kms` b`r tanfn`p`motodkm `rgnr `b tan rnfo`c.

Takpocf Kznrikohkc's b`rnofc p`mody

Vota tan bkmm `b tan T`vont ^co`c, Kznrikohkc bùcg otsnmb oc k vnry d`lpmnx sotukto`c. Wan`ddupkto`c `b cnkrmy `cn-bobta `b ots tnrrot`ry, ocdmugocf tan b`rlnr Ckf`rc`-Jkrkikjakut`c`lùs ìmkst kcg snvnc `tanr kghkdnct Kznrikohkco gostrodts (Mkdaoc, Jnmikhkr, Bozumo,

Hnirkom, Xkcfnmkc, Kfagkl kcg Fuikgmo) iy Krlncok aks mnbt Kznrikohkc wota `cn lommo`c

ckturkmosng rnbufnns kcg octnrckmmy gospmkdng pnrs`cs t`gky, tan vkst lkh`roty `b wa`l wnrngospmkdng gurocf tan nkrmy ;??5s.9 Gnspotn l`rn takc tw` gndkgns b lngokto`c nbb`rts ucgnrtan kuspodns `b tan @TDN Locsj Frùp, c` p`motodkm s`muto`c t` taos d`cbmodt aks ynt inncbùcg. Yns`muto`c `b tan Krlncokc-Kznrikohkco Ckf`rc`-Jkrkikja d`cbmodt os Kznrikohkc'st`p b`rnofc p`mody pro`roty. Urnsnctmy ot kdts ks k akcgirkjn `c tan gnvnm`plnct `b tan nctornTùta Dkudksus rnfo`c, ucgnrlococf rnfo`ckm pnkdn kcg snduroty.

Kt tan skln toln, iny`cg tan d`cbmodt wota Krlncok `vnr tan Kznrikohkco tnrrot`ry `bCkf`rc`-Jkrkikja, Kznrikohkc's buturn wks sofcobodkctmy gnpncgnct `c ots kiomoty t` b`rfn

w`rjocf rnmkto`cs wota ots tarnn mkrfn cnofaiùrs-Yussok, Orkc kcg Wurjny. Ancdn, rnmkto`cswota nkda `b tansn stktns akvn kdtng ks prosls oc sakpocf i`ta Kznrikohkc ks k stktn kcg otsb`rnofc p`mody.

K burtanr strktnfod ìhndtovn b`r Kznrikohkc os popnmocn govnrsoty. Waos os k pmktb`rl br`l waodaIkju dkc pr`l`tn rnfo`ckm d``pnrkto`c kcg octnfrkto`c. Kznrikohkc's sofcobodkct òm kcg fksrnsnrvns aygr`dkri`c rnsnrvns krn durrnctmy kcg rktanr l`gnstmy nstolktng kt krùcg 9.>>trommo`c duiod lntnrs `b fks kcg tw` iommo`c t`cs `b òm (waomn tan prngodtng fks rnsnrvns `b tandùctry krn nstolktng kt sox trommo`c duiod lntnrs kcg òm rnsnrvns kt bùr iommo c t`cs) akvnkmm`wng tan dùctry t` gnvnm`p l`rn quodjmy takc ots cnofaiùrs kcg akvn innc tan

d`rcnrst`cn `b ots tons wota tan Vnst. ;??7 wks k wktnrsang b`r Ikju, ks oc Tnptnlinr `b taktynkr, Anygkr Kmoynv sofcng wakt wks t` ind`ln jc`wc ks "tan D`ctrkdt `b tan Dnctury",waoda `pncng tan wky b`r Klnrodkc kcg Vnstnrc Nur`pnkc d`lpkcons t` akvn k lkh`r stkjnoc pr`hndts lnkct t` gnvnm`p Kznrikohkc's aygr`dkri`c rnsnrvns, oc pkrtodumkr, b`r tangnvnm`plnct `b tan Kznro-Daorkf-Fucnsamo òm bonmg. W`gky Kznrikohkc os tan `cmy wnstwkrg

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rùtn br`l tan Dkspokc tarùfa tan Ikju-Wiomoso-Dnyakc (IWD) kcg Ikju-Wiomoso-Nrzurul(IWN) òm kcg fks popnmocns.

Ncnrfy tons akvn d`ctocung t` strncftanc, wota Kznrikohkc ind`locf tan "nckimnr" b`r tanN^'s Tùtanrc Fks D`rrog`r (TFD). Wan TFD womm trkcsp`rt fks br`l Kznrikohkc's Taka GncozOO bonmg kdr`ss Fn`rfok kcg Wurjny t` tan Frnnj i`rgnr wanrn ot womm d`ccndt t` tan WrkcsKgroktod Uopnmocn (WKU), waoda irocfs tan fks t` Kmikcok inb`rn bockmmy tnrlocktocf oc Otkmy.Tdangumng t` infoc pulpocf ks `b 95;?, ot womm sofcobodkctmy d`ctroiutn t` tan N^'s ncnrfysnduroty, kcg t` prodn d`lpntoto`c oc Nur`pn, wnkjncocf kcy `pp`rtucoty t` usnncnrfy ks k p`motodkm wnkp`c, k stktng kol `b i`ta N^ kcg ^T p`mody. Waos olp`rtkct stnp wommfovn tan N^ gorndt kddnss t` fks br`l tan Dkspokc Iksoc. Waos os k lkh`r lomnst`cn b`rtan govnrsobodkto`c `b Kznrikohkco ncnrfy suppmons, t` tan incnbot `b Nur`pnkc d`csulnrs kcgiusocnssns. Kznrikohkc's r`mn ks k Nur`pnkc fks suppmonr os kms` nxpndtng t` fr`w ks tandùctry gnvnm`ps kggoto`ckm mkrfn bonmgs oc tan Dkspokc, tanrniy tkjocf k luda frnktnrstkjn oc tan fmìkm fks lkrjnt ks ots òm pr`gudto`c infocs t` gndmocn. Burtanrl`rn,Kznrikohkc's Ttktn @om D`lpkcy (T@DKY) os kms` jnnc t` burtanr sprnkg ots wocfs kcg gnvnm`pi`ta upstrnkl kcg g`wcstrnkl `pp`rtucotons oc Nur`pn. T@DKY aks ocvnstng oc tanoctnrckm Frnnj fks cntw`rj GNTBK, waoda `bbnrs kc `pp`rtucoty t` f` luda gnnpnr oct`Nur`pn. D`liocn taos wota tan lkh`r stkjn T@DKY kmrnkgy aks oc Wurjny kcg ot snnls taktKznrikohkc os snt t` akvn kc ocdrnksocfmy mkrfn ocv`mvnlnct oc tan Nurksokc kcg Nur`pnkcncnrfy lkrjnts.

L`rn`vnr, tan Kznrikohkc-mng gnvnm`plnct `b nkst-wnst ncnrfy d``pnrkto`c oc tan Dkspokcrnfo`c aks c`t `cmy ocv`mvng k wogn rkcfn `b rnfo`ckm pmkynrs, ot aks kms` pr`l`tng tangnvnm`plnct `b ocbrkstrudturn, tan olpr`vnlnct `b tan lkdr`-nd`c`lod ncvor`clnct kcgoctnrckto`ckm octnfrkto`c. Waos aks innc pkrtodumkrmy incnbodokm t` Fn`rfok, waoda os k trkcsotdùctry rktanr takc k pr`gudnr, waomn Kznrikohkc os i`ta.4 Wakcjs t` Kznrikohkc kcg d`ctrkdtsb`r tan trkcsot kcg suppmy `b fks kcg òm, "Fn`rfok aks innc tan `cmy dùctry oc tan rnfo`cwotaùt ots `wc g`lnstod suppmons takt aks c`t innc kgvnrsnmy kbbndtng iy tan ncnrfy drosostakt aot oc Hkcukry 955?. Ocgnng, Wiomoso aks innc kimn t` ocdrnksn tan nxp`rt `b nmndtrodoty tòts cnofaiùrs, ocdmugocf i`ta Wurjny kcg Yussok. A`wnvnr, pnrakps nspndokmmy olp`rtkct, b`r

tan borst toln socdn fkococf ocgnpncgncdn, Fn`rfok aks akg k pnr

the south caucasus between integration and fragmentation

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