the solar system
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Facts about the universe and our solar system
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
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UNIVERSE
The universe is the totality of existence (planets, stars, galaxies)
The observable universe is 46 billion light years in radius and is
constantly expanding
It is estimated that the universe is 13.7 billion years old!
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MILKY WAY
Galaxies are large systems of stars, dust and gas bound by gravity
The Milky Way is just 1 galaxy containing the Solar System,
25,000 light years from the centre of the galaxy
There are more than 170 billion galaxies in the observable universe
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PLANET ORDER
36 millio
n
67.2 m
illion
93 millio
n
141.6 m
illion
483.6 m
illion
888.2 m
illion
1.8 bil
lion
2.8 bil
lion
& distance from the sun (miles)
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SUN
The estimated diameter of the sun is 695,508km (109.2 x that of Earth)
The light from the sun takes 8 minutes to reach the earth
If the sun were hollow, we could fit 1.3 million Earths
inside the shell!
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MOON
The Moon was formed 4.6 billion years ago, much later
than the Solar SystemWe only ever see one side of the moon. This is due to the moon being in synchronous
rotation with Earth
The first Moon landing was in 1969 by the USA. Man hasn’t stepped foot on the
mood since 1972
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MERCURY
Mercury is the smallest planet in the Solar System at just 4,789 km
across its equatorThe temperature on Mercury ranges from
-183°c to 407°c
It is the 2nd densest planet. Each cm3
consists of 5.4g of metals and rock
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VENUS
Commonly called Earth’s sister planet. Both planets are very
similar in size (638km difference in
diameter)
Venus is the 2nd brightest object in
the sky, visible on a clear day from Earth
It’s the hottest planet in the Solar System.
Average surface temperature is 462°c
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EARTH
Earth is the most dense planet at 5.52g per cm3
Earth is the only planet to not be named after a
Roman God/Goddess
Due to the Earth’s rotation slowing down, each day on Earth is
0.00046575342 seconds longer than the last
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MARS
Mars has the largest mountain in the Solar
System. Olympus Mons is a 21km high
and 600km wide volcano
It has the largest dust storms in the
Solar System. They can last up to 4
months and cover the entire planet!
Mars and Earth have approximately the same landmass
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JUPITER
Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System at 317x the
size of Earth
The Red Storm has been on-going on Jupiter for 350+
years and is large enough for two
Earths to fit inside of!
Jupiter has a moon called (Ganymede) that is larger than
Mercury
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SATURN
Saturn is the farthest planet
from Earth visible to the human eye
Saturn is the least dense planet. This
is due to being made up of mainly gas (hydrogen &
helium)
It is not the only planet to have
rings, but its rings are the most
prominent
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URANUS
Uranus was the first planet
discovered using a telescope
The minimum atmospheric
temperature of Uranus is -224°C making it the
coldest planet in the solar system
The only spacecraft to visit Uranus is
Voyager 2 which passed in 1986
passing at a distance of 81,500 km
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NEPTUNE
Neptune was the first planet to be predicted
by mathematical calculation, it was
then seen via telescope
Wind speed on Neptune can reach 1,500 mph (fastest
detected in the Solar System)
Neptune is the farthest planet from the sun. It takes 165 earth years to orbit
the sun
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PLUTO
In 2006, Pluto was reclassified from a planet to a dwarf
planet
Pluto has an eccentric and inclined orbit. This means every so often, it is closer to the sun
that Neptune
Pluto was discovered in 1930 after being
predicted by changes in the orbits of Uranus
and Neptune