The Solar System

Done By: Sally Park

8b

PlanetsInner Planets: Outer Planets:• Mercury • Jupiter• Venus • Saturn• Earth • Uranus• Mars • Neptune

Dwarf Planets:

• Plato

• Ceres

• Eris

Mercury• Mercury has no substantial atmosphere.• Mercury’s atmosphere is composed of helium and

sodium.• Mercury’s surface was shaped by three processes.

They are impact cratering, volcanism, and tectonic activity. Impact cratering is where large objects struck the surface resulting in crater formation. Volcanism is where lava flooded the surface. Tec-tonic activity is where the planet's crust moved in order to adjust to the planetary cooling and con-tracting.

Venus• Venus is referred to as the Evening Star because it is the brightest

planet that can be viewed from Earth.• Venus’s atmosphere is composed of carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid.• Retrograde rotation refers to the Venus because it is the opposite of

the seven other planets.• A day in the Venus is longer than a year in the Venus is because it re-

volves around the Sun on the circular orbit, and also it rotates very slowly.

• If you were standing on Venus, you’ll see the Sun rising from the west, and sets in the east. It is because the Venus rotates on its axis in the clockwise direction.

• The Venus is the hottest planet in the Solar system, because its atmos-phere is composed of sulfuric acid, which traps heat. Also as it is the secondly closest planet from the Sun, it would receive more heat.

Earth• Earth’s atmosphere is made up of 21% oxygen, 78% nitro-

gen, 9% argon, and 0.1% water vapor, carbon dioxide and other gases.

• The atmosphere helps to absorb harmful solar radiation be-fore it can reach the surface of the Earth. Also it protects us from metors.

• The rotational tilt of the Earth is 23.5 degree angle. • Earth has a molten iron-nickel and the rapid spin of the

Earth along with the liquid makes the hot metallic core causes a magnetic field to surround the Earth.

• The satellite of the Earth is the Moon.

Mars• The meteorites, which is piece of the Mars, was found on

the Earth. On that meteorites, the scientists found the evidence for the tiny ancient bacteria and other signs, which shows that life have once existed on Mars.

• Mars’s primary element for the atmosphere is the carbon dioxide.

• Mars appears to be red because its surface is mostly cov-ered with various rocks and a soil which is rich in an iron-laden clay, and that makes Mars to appear to be red in color.

• Olympus Mons are the volcano created by volcanic and tectonic activity, which is the largest volcano in the solar system.

• Mars has two satellites, which are Phobos and Deibos.

Jupiter

• Jupiter’s rapid rotation causes its shape to be flat-ten at the poles and bulge at the equator.

• Jupiter’s atmosphere is thought to be composed of hydrogen, helium, sulfur, and nitrogen.

• The Giant Red Spot is the hurricane-like storm, which is the oval features in the atmosphere.

• Jupiter has 50 named moons, and 13 moons which are not given names yet.

• One of its moon’s name is Io, is volcanically ac-tive.

Saturn

• Saturn’s atmosphere is made up of hydrogen and helium.

• Its rings are caused by particles from broken satel-lites, and those rings are composed of rocks from the broken satellites and ice.

• Saturn could float in water because its density is very low.

• Seasons on Saturn lasts very long.

Uranus

• The rotational tilt of the Uranus is 98 degree that it seems to be rotating on its size.

• Uranus’s atmosphere is made up of hydrogen, he-lium, and methane.

• Uranus has 27 known satellites.

Neptune• Neptune’s atmosphere is made up of ammonia, he-

lium, and methane.• Neptune has 13 known satellites.• Triton is the largest satellite of Neptune. as-

tronomers believe Triton became a satellite be-cause of the Triton's retrograde orbit, its density, and its composition.

Pluto• Pluto’s three moons are Charon, Nix, and Hydra• Scientists have learned about Pluto by using a

spectroscope, is that there are methane frost on Pluto and water frost on Charon.

• It is unusual about Charon that it shares atmos-phere with Pluto.

Ceres• One revolution takes approximately 4.6 Earth

years.• Ceres was once considered an asteroid because

there was no dwarf planets at that time.• Mixture of water ice, carbonates, and clay could

be found on the Ceres’s surface.

Eris

• Eris’s original name was Xena.• Eris’s one revolution takes 557 Earth years.• Eris’s moon’s name is Dysnomian.• Eris was not considered to be a planet because it

didn’t meet one of the requirements that a planet must clear out its orbit.