the social semantic web: an introduction

Copyright 2008 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved.

www.deri.org

The Social Semantic Web:An Introduction

Alexandre Passant, John Breslin

{[email protected]}

DERI Tutorial / NUI Galway / 2nd April 2009

2

What we’re going to talk about today…

1. Collaborating via the Social Web

2. Social networking websites so far

3. Issues with social websites

4. Leveraging semantics on the Social Web:• FOAF, SIOC, semantic tagging• The social semantic food chain: Producers, Collectors, Consumers• Applications and demos

5. Leveraging semantics in Enterprise 2.0• Semantics for Enterprise 2.0• Semantic wikis

6. Conclusion and references

3

Social media sites are like data silos

* Source: Pidgin Technologies, www.pidgintech.com

4

Many isolated communities of users and their data


5

Need ways to connect these islands


6

Allowing users to easily move from one to another


7

Enabling users to easily bring their data with them



www.deri.org

1. Collaborating via the Social Web

9

A move from the Web to a “social web”

The New Yorker, 1993

“On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog.”

The New Yorker, 2005

“I had my own blog for a while, but I decided to go back to just

pointless, incessant barking.”

10

What is social media?

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media– “Social media uses the ‘wisdom of crowds’ to connect

information in a collaborative manner.”– “Social media can take many different forms, including message

boards, weblogs, wikis, podcasts, pictures and video.”

• Popular examples of social media sites:– Wikipedia, MySpace / Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, SecondLife,

Upcoming, Digg / Reddit / StumbleUpon, Flickr / Zooomr, del.icio.us, World of Warcraft, Amazon

• Related terms:– Web 2.0, Social Web, social software, social networks, social

news, social bookmarking, user-generated content

11

What is Web 2.0?

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0– “Web 2.0 refers to a perceived second generation of web-based

communities and hosted services - such as social-networking sites, wikis and folksonomies - which aim to facilitate collaboration and sharing between users.”

• The term Web 2.0 was made popular by Tim O’Reilly:– http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/

what-is-web-20.html

12

Features / principles of Web 2.0 (O’Reilly)

1. The Web as platform

2. Harnessing collective intelligence

3. Data is the next “Intel Inside”

4. End of the software release cycle

5. Lightweight programming models

6. Software above the level of a single device

7. Rich user experiences+ The long tail

13

Web 2.0 and social media in simple terms

1. Users

2. Content

3. Tags

4. Comments– Users post content

– Users share content– Users annotate content with tags

– Users browse content via tags– Users discuss content via comments

– Users connect via posted content– Users connect directly to users

14

Content can be…

• Books Amazon• Discussion postings Blogs• Bookmarks del.icio.us• Photos Flickr• Music Last.fm• Movies Netflix• Events Upcoming.org• Places Dopplr• Products Microsoft Aura• Articles Wikipedia

15

Blogging: a phenomenon for a new generation?

• Cincinnati Enquirer, October 2004

16

Overview of blogs

• Weblog, web log or simply a blog is a web journal• “A web application which contains periodic time-stamped

posts on a common (usually open-access) webpage”• Individual diaries -> arms of political campaigns, media

programs and corporations (e.g. the Google Blog)• Citizen journalism…• Posts are often shown in reverse chronological order• Comments can be made by the public on some blogs• Latest headlines, with hyperlinks and summaries, are

syndicated using RSS or Atom formats (e.g. for reading favourite blogs with a feed reader)

17

The state of the blogosphere from Technorati

Definition of wikis

• A wiki is a type of website that allow users to easily add and edit content and is especially suited for collaborative writing

• The name is based on the Hawaiian term wiki-wiki, meaning “quick”, “fast”, or “to hasten”

• It amasses to a group of web pages that allows users to quickly add content and also allows others to edit the content:– It relies on cooperation, checks and balances of its members,

and a belief in sharing of ideas

Some uses of wikis

• Wikis are being used for:

– online encyclopaedias– free dictionaries– book repositories– software development– project proposals– writing research papers– event organisation

20

The Wikipedia: from Irish to Esperanto

21

Flickr, share your photos

22

SlideShare for presentations

23

The social bookmarking service del.icio.us

24

All Consuming, what have you read today?

25

CiteULike, get publication references from peers

26

Upcoming event listings and meetups

27

Dopplr for managing travel, tracking friends abroad

28

You can even share your favourite walks…

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…and find others with like musical interests


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2. Social networking websites so far

31

We all live in a social network…

• …of friends, family, workmates, fellow students, acquaintances, etc.

32

• Friend of a friend, or “dúirt bean liom go ndúirt bean leí”

• Theory that anybody is connected to everybody else (on average) by no more than six degrees of separation

Everyone’s connected…

33

Milgram’s six degrees of separation theory

• Sociologist Milgram conducted this experiment:– Random people from

Nebraska were to send a letter (via intermediaries) to a stock broker in Boston

– Could only send to someone with whom they were on a first-name basis

• Among the letters that found the target, the average number of links was six

Stanley Milgram (1933-1984)

34

And now a major motion picture, kind of…

Six Degrees of Separation (1993)– “I read somewhere that everybody on this planet is separated by only six other people. Six degrees of separation between us and everyone else on this planet. The President of the United States, a gondolier in Venice, just fill in the names... It’s not just big names — it’s anyone. A native in a rain forest, a Tiero del Fuegan, an Eskimo. I am bound — you are bound — to everyone on this planet by a trail of six people.”

– Play from 1990 by John Guare

35

The Erdős number

• Number of links required to connect scholars to Erdős via co-authorship of papers

• Erdős wrote 1500+ papers with 507 co-authors

• Jerry Grossman’s site allows mathematicians to compute their Erdős numbers:– http://www.oakland.edu/enp/

• Connecting path lengths, among mathematicians only:– The average is 4.65

– The maximum is 13

Paul Erdős (1913-1996)

36

Trying to make friends

ValdisLatvia

UldisDERI

John Marc

Dublin

Clare BrosJohn C Andrew

Met

Marc and I already had friends in common!

I later found out my cousin Ailish also knows Andrew.

The “small world” phenomenon…

37

“It’s a small world after all!”, by Kentaro Toyama

Kentaro

Bash

Karishma

Sharad

Maithreyi

Anandan

Venkie

Soumya

Prof. McDermott

Ranjeet

Prof. Sastry

PM Manmohan Singh

Prof. Balki

Pres. Kalam

Prof. Jhunjhunwala

Dr. Montek SinghAhluwalia

Ravi

Dr. Isher Judge Ahluwalia

Pawan

Aishwarya

Ravi’sFather

AmitabhBachchan

Prof.Kannan

Prof. Prahalad

NandanaSen

Prof. AmartyaSen

Prof. Veni

* Source: http://research.microsoft.com/toyama/talks/

38

The Kevin Bacon game

Boxed version of the game• Invented by three Albright College students in 1994:– Craig Fass, Brian Turtle, Mike

Ginelly

• Goal is to connect any actor to Kevin Bacon, by linking actors who have acted in the same movie

• The “Oracle of Bacon” website uses IMDB to find the shortest link between any two actors:– http://oracleofbacon.org/

39

The Kevin Bacon game (2)

• Total number of actors in database as of today:– 1036399

• Average path length to Kevin:– 2.945

• Actor closest to “center”:– Rod Steiger (2.68)

• Rank of Kevin, in terms of closeness to center:– 1049th

• Most actors are within three links of each other!

40

What are social networking services (SNSs)?

• From the beginning, the Internet was a medium for connecting not only machines but people

• Idea behind SNSs is to make the aforementioned real-world relationships explicitly defined online

• 2002:– Friendster

• 2003:– MySpace, LinkedIn, hi5

• 2004:– orkut, Facebook

• 2005:– Bebo

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The popularity of SNSs

• The 10 most popular domains ~= 40% percent of all page views on the Web (Compete, November 2006)– Nearly half of those views

were from the social networking services MySpace and Facebook – wow!

– And that’s just in the top 10…

• Alexa rankings

42

SNSs attracting lots of monetary / media attention

• Friendster – $13M VC

• Tribe – $6.3M VC

• LinkedIn – $4.7M VC

• Bebo – $15M VC, sold to AOL for $850M

• MySpace – Sold for $580M

• Friends Reunited – Sold for £120M

• Facebook – $1B Y! offer, 1.6% sold to MS for $250M

Motivation for social network services

• Allows a user to create and maintain an online network of close friends or business associates for social and professional reasons:– Friendships and relationships– Offline meetings– Curiosity about others– Business opportunities– Job hunting

…– For social good:

• Kevin Bacon – sixdegrees.org• Ammado - ammado.com• Sun – openeco.org

44

Big social network services (in terms of accounts)

• myspace.com 250,000,000• facebook.com 175,000,000• spaces.live.com 120,000,000• habbo.com 117,000,000• friendster.com 90,000,000• hi5.com 80,000,000• tagged.com 70,000,000• orkut.com 67,000,000• flixster.com 63,000,000• reunion.com 51,000,000• classmates.com 50,000,000• netlog.com 42,000,000

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_networking_websites

45

Features of social network services

• Network of friends (inner circle)• Person surfing• Private messaging• Discussion forums• Events management• Blogging and commenting• Media uploading

46

Facebook, #5 in the world

47

The success of (and hype around) Facebook

• Some have theorised that Facebook is worth $15-$20B!– http://scobleizer.com/2008/05/19/why-microsoft-will-buy-

facebook-and-keep-it-closed/

• 4,000 applications were created for Facebook’s developer interface after four months, 70,000 developers signed up:– Active user count jumped by 70% in the four months after this

contributable application layer was added

• In mid-2008, the numbers had increased to 33,000 applications and 400,000 developers

• 50% of Facebook users are non-students:– People over 24 are its fastest-growing demographic

48

orkut, Google’s SNS

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Get LinkedIn to business contacts, 15 million users

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OpenEco, a SNS for managing GHG emissions

51

Elgg, social networking software for education

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The Twitter phenomenon

• Microblogging:– Between blogging and IM– Short messages– Multiple devices

• Twitter:– 140 characters maximum– +1 billion tweets– +1382% in a year !

53

Other niche SNSs

• Age:– Multiply (seniors and settled); Boomj (baby boomers); Rezoom

• Country of origin:– Silicon India

• Gender:– CaféMom; MothersClick; Sister Woman (female friends)

• Occupation:– ModelsHotel; FanLib (fiction writers); AdGabber; TheFeng.org (financial

services executives); MilitarySpot (military families); Sermo (doctors and physicians)

• Business and careers:– ConnectBuzz; Doostang; Execunet; Netshare; Ryze; Viadeo; Xing

• Interests:– TradeKing (investors); StreetCred (hip hop); IndiePublic (art and

design); PeerTrainer (health and wellbeing)

* Source: Paul Gibler, Wisconsin Technology Network


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3. Issues with social websites

55

Problems with social websites

• Fundamental problems block their potential to access the full range of available content and networked people online

• There is a need to build semantic social networking into the fabric of the next-generation Internet itself:– Interconnecting both content

and people in a meaningful way

56

First issue

Need interesting objects to draw you back to keep on using social websites

* Source: Jyri Engestrom, “Object-Centered Sociality”, Reboot 7

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Many social websites are boring…

* Source: Jyri Engestrom, “Object-Centered Sociality”, Reboot 7

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Object-centred sociality can provide meaning

• Users connected via a common object, e.g., their job, university, hobbies, a date…

• “Another tradition of theorizing offers an explanation of why Russell linked out, and why so many YASNS ultimately fail.”

• “According to this theory, people don’t just connect to each other. They connect through a shared object.”

* Source: Jyri Engestrom, “Why Some Social Networks Work…”

59

Object-centred sociality can provide meaning (2)

• “When a service fails to offer the users a way to create new objects of sociality, they turn the connecting itself into an object [LinkedIn].”

• “Good services allow people to create social objects that add value.”– Flickr = photos– del.icio.us = bookmarks– Blogs = discussion posts

* Source: Jyri Engestrom, “Why Some Social Networks Work…”

60…that connect us to other people

These are the social objects…

• Discussions• Bookmarks• Annotations• Profiles• Microblogs• Multimedia

…

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Second issue

We all have too many separate profiles and sets of contacts on disconnected social websites

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So many social websites…

* Source: Smashcut Media, www.smashcut-media.com

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Even more services…

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It takes a lot of time…

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Filling out your profiles, re-adding your friends…

66

Uploading posts and content items to “stovepipes”!

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What if I use multiple services and I want to…

• Move the stuff I have on one service to another (e.g. move all my blog posts, comments, friends, etc. from WordPress.com to “Acme Blogs”)

• Move all my stuff from multiple services to one third-party service

• Centralise my stuff on my own service, e.g. my blog• See my stuff on a third-party service providing an

aggregate view, like FriendFeed• Share my Flickr pictures with my Twitter followers

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(De-)centralised me

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Initiatives set up to address this recently

• A bill of rights for users of the Social Web:– http://opensocialweb.org/

• DataPortability:– http://dataportability.org/

• DiSo:– http://code.google.com/p/diso/

• OpenSocial (see also Friend Connect):– http://opensocial.org/

• Facebook Connect:– http://developers.facebook.com/connect.php

• Portable Contacts:– http://portablecontacts.net/

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Social network portability

• Need distributed social networks and reusable profiles• Users may have many identities and sets of friends on

different social networks, where each identity was created from scratch

• Allow user to import existing profile and contacts, using a single global identity with different views (e.g., via FOAF, hCard, OpenID, etc.)

• See also:– http://bradfitz.com/social-graph-problem/– http://danbri.org/words/2007/09/13/194– http://code.google.com/apis/socialgraph/– http://groups.google.com/group/social-network-portability

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Social networking fatigue

• How many general or niche SNSs are you willing to register and / or interact with?

• People search engine and aggregation sites are now appearing to compensate:– SocialURL – organise your online identities– PeekYou – matching web pages with their owners– Spock – organising information around people– Rapleaf – reputation lookup and email search– Wink – free people search engine– FriendFeed – subscribe to all of your friends’ feeds

72

Ownership, control, freedom at opensocialweb.org

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The DataPortability initiative

• http://dataportability.org• Existing technologies• Inventing no new ones

74

Other initiatives “near” DataPortability

• Depends on “political” factors• e.g. Facebook vs Google

75

Fold a social networking layer into tech stacks

• Make social networking a shared component across various desktop and Web applications

• Rather than having a fragmented view of one’s network in each application, the social networking stack would let users employ all their person-to-person connections in any application:– See http://tinyurl.com/futuresns


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4. Leveraging semantics on the Social Web

77

Tim Berners-Lee on Semantic Web / Social Web synergies

“I think we could have both Semantic Web technology supporting online communities, but at the same time also online communities can support Semantic Web data by being the sources of people voluntarily connecting things together.”

Sir Tim Berners-Lee, podcast interview during ISWC 2005

http://esw.w3.org/topic/IswcPodcast

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Semantics can help

• By using agreed-upon semantic formats to describe people, content objects and the connections that bind them all together, social media sites can interoperate by appealing to common semantics

• Developers are already using semantic technologies to augment the ways in which they create, reuse, and link profiles and content on social media sites (using FOAF, XFN / hCard, SIOC, etc.)

• In the other direction, object-centered social networks can serve as rich data sources for semantic applications

79

The (evolving) Semantic Web layer cake

• http://www.w3.org/2007/03/layerCake.png

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A need for common semantics

• Communities should provide their data in a common, machine-understandable way:– RDF (resource description framework) as a data layer– One single format for all the data– Different transport layers (RDF/XML, N3, etc.)– The base of the Semantic Web

• Communities should use common semantics to define this data:– Avoiding the use of proprietary APIs– Since this means that they can talk together, exchange

information, using the same modelling layer for their data– Using SIOC for representing content and actions– Using FOAF for representing people and networks

81

FOAF (Friend-of-a-Friend)

• FOAF is an ontology for describing people and the relationships that exist between them– http://foaf-project.org

• Can be integrated with any other SW vocabularies• Some services with FOAF exports:

• People can also create their own FOAF document and link to it from their homepage

• FOAF documents usually contain personal info, links to friends, and other related resources

82

A distributed social network with FOAF

• Can use FOAF to describe social networks across a number of services (more later on integrating networks)

• Picture shows data from both boards.ie and John’s hand-coded FOAF file

83

The (lowercase) semantic web

• Microformats:– http://microformats.org/– “Designed for humans first and machines second, microformats

are a set of simple, open data formats built upon existing and widely adopted standards.”

– Embedded metadata within (X)HTML web pages– Less powerful than RDF (no extensibility mechanism, no

inferencing)

85

Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities (SIOC)

• An effort from DERI to discover how we can create and establish ontologies on the Semantic Web

• Goal of the SIOC ontology is to address interoperability issues on the (Social) Web

• SIOC has been adopted in a framework of 50 applications or modules deployed on over 400 sites

• Various domains: Web 2.0, enterprise information integration, HCLS, e-government

• http://sioc-project.org

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Motivations for SIOC

• Need to understand how to create and establish ontologies on the Web:– Social engineering is required– Model, agree, deploy, re-model

• Disconnected sites on the Social Web require ontologies for interoperation:– Lots of social data, inherent semantics (chicken and egg)– Potential for high impact

• In parallel, lack of integration between social software and other systems in enterprise intranets

87

The aims of SIOC

• To “semantically-interlink online communities”• To fully describe the content and structure of community

sites• To create new connections between online discussion

posts and items, forums and containers• To enable the integration of online community

information• To browse connected Social Web items in interesting

and innovative ways• To overcome the chicken-and-egg problem with the

Semantic Web

90

The steps involved

1. Develop an ontology of terms for representing rich data from the Social Web

2. Create a food chain for producing, collecting and consuming SIOC data

3. As well dissemination via papers about SIOC, provide docs and examples at sioc-project.org

• SIOC aims to enrich the Web infrastructure:– During the next upgrade cycle, gigabytes of community data

become available!

91

The SIOC food chain

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Dissemination

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Quotes about SIOC

• “I […] think the concept is HOT” – Robert Douglass, Drupal Developer

• “It just dawned on me that the burgeoning SIOC-o-sphere (online communities exporting and exposing content via SIOC Ontology) is actually: Blogosphere 2.0” – Kingsley Idehen, Founder and CEO of OpenLink Software

• “SIOC has the potential to become one of the foundational vocabularies that make Semantic Web applications useful” – Ivan Herman, W3C / ERCIM

• “A project that started back in 2000 called Friend-of-a-Friend (FOAF) represents relationships between people, as well as basic contact details. SIOC does this for groups: it extends the FOAF idea to being able to talk about whole groups of people. I am excited about SIOC because you can use that information to determine trust, to let people in.” – Tim Berners-Lee, Creator of the World Wide Web

95

SIOC metrics

• SIOC documents at PTSW:– 107759 (SIOC)

– 96540 (SIOC Types)

• 42911 hits in Swoogle• Sites producing SIOC data:

– 373 listed in PTSW pings

• SIOC ontology is ranked 4th and SIOC Types module 5th in 500 ontologies at PTSW

• SIOC developer mailing list:– 200 members

– 900 posts

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What is required to represent a community?

• Represent the data, not only documents:– From the WWW to a “GGG”, hyperlinks to semantic relationships

• A model for all the aspects of a community:– Users accounts, groups and roles:

• Reader, reviewer, moderator

– Content and types:• A blog, a blog post, a bulletin board, a wiki page, etc.

– Actions between users and content:• Uldis creates a post, Alex comments on it, John moderates it

• A model for the entire content:– Any data: RSS 1.0 and Atom limited to syndication / latest posts– Any user and relationship: new user, new post, replies, etc.

97

Representing community data with SIOC

• Using SIOC as an ontology to represent the activities of online communities on the Web:– Namespace: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns– Five top-level classes: User / Role / Space / Container / Item– A “SIOC Types” module for Social Web content

• Wikis, Blogs, Image galeries …

– Action: A user posts an item in a container

• A Semantic Web citizen: – Reusing and interlinking existing ontologies– Not reinventing the wheel (connects to DC, FOAF, etc.):

• http://www.w3.org/Submission/2007/SUBM-sioc-related-20070612/

98

The SIOC ontology

• The main classes and properties are:

SIOC Specification:http://rdfs.org/sioc/spec

99

Example of SIOC data

• Alex wrote a post on his WordPress blog:

:myblogpost rdf:type sioc:Post ;dc:title “I’m blogging this” ;sioc:has_creator :alex ;sioc:has_container :mywpblog .

:mywpblog rdf:type sioc:Forum .

100

The same model for any website

• John wrote a post on his Drupal-powered blog:

:myblogpost rdf:type sioc:Post ;dc:title “Another blog post” ;sioc:has_creator :john ;sioc:has_container :mydrupal .

:mydrupal rdf:type sioc:Forum .

101

The same model for rich data using the Types module and related ontologies

• Uldis owns a photo gallery on Flickr:

:myitempost rdf:type exif:IFD ;dc:title “Another posted item”;sioc:has_creator :john ;sioc:has_container :myflickrgallery .

:myflickrgallery rdf:type sioct:ImageGallery .

• We reuse external vocabularies (e.g. EXIF) to define item types

103

Interlinking communities

• Since all communities can use the same model to define their data, it is easy to link them from a data point of view

• Interlinking:– URIs are used to define things and created objects– A post on blog “A” can be semantically linked to a post on blog “B”

• Using SPARQL to query data:– Can perform unified queries no matter where the data comes from– No need to learn new APIs from data providers– SPARQL is a W3C Recommendation for querying RDF

• “The SQL of the Semantic Web”

104

FOAF and social network connections

• FOAF allows us to represent the connections between people:– A machine-readable format for social-networking

• Using the foaf:knows property:– :John foaf:knows :Alex

• Extensions using the RELATIONSHIP vocabulary:– http://vocab.org/relationship/– All rel:* properties are subproperties of foaf:knows– :John rel:worksWith :Uldis– RDFS inferencing allows tools to answer queries using foaf:knows

when people use rel:* alternatives

105

Linking people to user accounts

• FOAF is the main vocabulary used to represent people:– http://foaf-project.org– foaf:Person class:

• “The foaf:Person class represents people. Something is a foaf:Person if it is a person.”

– foaf:holdsAccount property:• “The foaf:holdsAccount property relates a foaf:Agent to a

foaf:OnlineAccount for which they are the sole account holder.”

– Linking people to user accounts:• sioc:User rdfs:subClassOf foaf:onlineAccount• Links a foaf:Person to various sioc:User(s)• As many sioc:User(s) as required can be linked to a single person• One people, various identities

106

Representing users and online accounts

• The sioc:User class:– An online user account– Can be thought of as a virtual representation of any person online,

within the context of a given social media website or community– A subclass of foaf:OnlineAccount– Various properties:

• name, avatar, email

– Users create and manage content:• has_creator and has_modifier properties• :blogpost123 sioc:has_creator :john

– A user can have roles on a given container:• (Moderator, Forum 1) ← User A• (Contributor, Blog 2) ← User B

107

A person and their user accounts

108

Interlinking content with SKOS

skos:isSubjectOfsioc:topic

109

Interlinking content items

• Can create direct links between instances of sioc:Item:– Link from a blog post to a bulletin board page– sioc:related_to, sioc:links_to, sioc:has_reply

• Interlinking using common categories:– Share tags and topics across different content– SKOS: Simple Knowledge Organisation System

• http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/• A vocabulary to describe controlled vocabularies• Used in the “Tag Ontology”: http://www.holygoat.co.uk/projects/tags/

• Interlink using existing URIs as topics– geonames.org , DBpedia, Revyu– MOAT: a process to simplify linking content to such URIs

• http://moat-project.org/

110

Identity management across networks

• Social media sites (or RDF exporters) create a new foaf:Person instance when they export their data:– TalkDigger, Revyu, Flickr exporters, etc.– There is a need to unify URIs so as to represent one's unified identity

• Linked-data principles are to use owl:sameAs and rdfs:seeAlso:– See http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/pub/LinkedDataTutorial/– owl:sameAs: Used to identify two resources with different URIs as being

the same resource– rdfs:seeAlso: “More information about this resource can be found here”,

can be used by Semantic Web tools such as Tabulator

• Inference using owl:InverseFunctionalProperty:– foaf:mbox, foaf:openid, etc. can be used to identify uniqueness for a

foaf:Person

• Unifying aspects of a foaf:Person across networks:– All relevant sioc:User accounts may be related to one foaf:Person

111

Distributed social networking with FOAF

• Combining networks from multiple FOAF URIs via owl:sameAs:– Decentralised social networks can represent connections for the

same person – A person’s networks can be merged together– Any sub-network in the social graph can be reached from a single

entry point, via the person’s URI

112

Integrating social networks with FOAF

Common formats,unique URIs

* Source: Sheila Kinsella, Applications of Social Network Analysis 2007

113

:alex owl:sameAs flickr:33669349@N00 ;owl:sameAs twitter:terraces

Linking foaf:Person URIs for one person

114

Applications for browsing the social (semantic) graph

• FOAFnaut, FOAF Explorer, etc.• FOAFGear: thanks to common semantics, only 100 lines

of code: http://apassant.net/home/2008/01/foafgear/

115

Aggregation of semantic social networks

• Browse / re-use your social graph in personal applications• Merge identities with pre-defined rules• Tools:

– Beatnik– Knowee– SPARQLpress– Nepomuk (Social Semantic Desktop)

116

Using OpenID with FOAF

• OpenID provides a decentralised authentication scheme:– One single login / password for various sites– http://openid.net

• Can link to your FOAF profile from your OpenID URL, and from the FOAF file to the OpenID URL (foaf:openid) so that services can browse your machine-readable profile when you log in:

<head><link rel="meta" type="application/rdf+xml"

title="FOAF" href="foaf.rdf" /></head>

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Example of OpenID used with FOAF

• Bob creates an account on Networkr, a new social networking website, using OpenID

• Networkr retrieves the FOAF URI thanks to an auto-discovery link

• From the FOAF file, it identifies if there are any people already subscribed to Networkr who are listed in Bob’s defined relationships:– Bob can add them as “local connections”, share data with them,

etc. without having to once again search for / add his friends

• Specific rules: – If I know X from Flickr, he / she can see my pictures on Networkr

118

OpenID, FOAF and WordPress

• SparqlPress:– http://wiki.foaf-project.org/SparqlPress– Create and re-use RDF data within WordPress– Exports SIOC, FOAF, SKOS:

• Currently under development

– FOAF retrieval from OpenID

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SIOC data producers

• SIOC applications list:– http://rdfs.org/sioc/applications/

• > 20 applications for producing SIOC data:– Free and open source

• SIOC export tools for:– Blogs and forums: WordPress, phpBB, Drupal, b2evolution– “Legacy” applications: mailing lists, IRC– New media: Twitter, Jaiku, Facebook, Flickr– Enterprise applications: CWE (collaborative work environments)

121

Overview of WordPress SIOC exporter

• Installation:– Download from http://sioc-project.org/wordpress– “Drop” two files into the WordPress plugins folder– Go to the administrator’s user interface– Plugins → SIOC Plugin → “Activate”

• SIOC data created for every page:– Data describing all blog posts, comments, users, etc.– SIOC data can be discovered via RDF autodiscovery links:– E.g. http://www.johnbreslin.com/blog/– <link rel="meta" type="application/rdf+xml"

title="SIOC" href="http://www.johnbreslin.com/blog/index.php?sioc_type=site" />

• Data can be explored or crawled using existing Semantic Web applications

122

Sample export of SIOC data from WordPress

123

• RDF data from the WordPress SIOC Exporter, displayed in the SIOC RDF Browser

124

SIOC export APIs

• Benefits:– Hides the complexity from application developers– Can be used by people who are not Semantic Web experts– Automatically updated according to changes in the SIOC

ontology and best practices documents

• Existing SIOC APIs:– Java– Perl– PHP (most used)– RDFa on Rails

• See “2.1 SIOC APIs” in http://rdfs.org/sioc/applications/

125

Overview of vBulletin and phpBB SIOC Exporters

• There is a large amount of structured related information contained within message boards, and this can be leveraged in interesting ways by exposing the semantic data for new applications

• Exporters have been developed for commercial (vBulletin) and open-source (phpBB) message board systems, bringing these islands together and allowing conversations on topics that are taking place across various sites

• vBulletin and phpBB SIOC Exporters are based on the SIOC API for PHP:– http://wiki.sioc-project.org/index.php/PHPExportAPI

126

Sample export of SIOC data from vBulletin

127

Sample export of SIOC data from vBulletin (2)

128

boards.ie SIOC data competition

129

Creating your own exporters

• Use SIOC API(s) if possible:– Or create new APIs to contribute back to the community

• Creating RDF data is easy:– Use the plugin API provided by the host system– Collect required information from the host (CMS) system– Create in-memory RDF or object model (optional)– Serialise RDF data (using RDF API or print templates)

• Seek help from the SIOC developer community:– http://sioc-project.org/ or SIOC-Dev mailing list or #sioc on IRC

130

Explore more producers of SIOC data

• Sioku:– SIOC data from Jaiku microblogging service– http://sioku.sioc-project.org/

• SWAML:– Exports mailing list archives in RDF– http://swaml.berlios.de/

• OpenLink DataSpaces:– Uses SIOC as a representation format for multiple social spaces– http://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/wiki/main/Main/OdsIndex/

• Use the Semantic Radar extension for Firefox for detecting / exploring SIOC data:– http://sioc-project.org/firefox

131

SIOC exporter for MediaWiki

• Available at http://ws.sioc-project.org/mediawiki/• Any MediaWiki website can be translated to SIOC:

– Wikipedia, semanticweb.org, etc.– Ideally combined with DBpedia

133

• There is a lot of Social Semantic Web data available:– From services

– Via exporters

– Hand-crafted

• But it is scattered all around the Web:– How do we find, browse, query, reuse it?

• These need to be addressed:– To provide novel applications that can leverage the interlinked nature of

this data from the Social Web

– To show the benefits of RDF and the Semantic Web

Semantic Web Documents (RDF)

Motivation for finding and reusing semantic data

134

Finding data from the Social SW

• PingTheSemanticWeb:– http://pingthesemanticweb.com– A ping service for SW documents– REST or XML/RPC– Accepts, reads different formats:

• RDF/XML, N3, Turtle

– The “blo.gs” of the Semantic Web

• Various ontologies detected by PTSW:– FOAF, DOAP, SIOC, etc.– About 1M documents, 3.7M pings

• “A Scripting Architecture to Discover and Query Decentralized RDF Data”, The 3rd Workshop on Scripting for the Semantic Web (SFSW 2007), Innsbruck, Austria, June 2007

135

• Direct ping to PingTheSemanticWeb:– Blog engines: WordPress, Drupal, etc.– Services: Revyu, TalkDigger

• “Semantic Radar” extension for Firefox:– http://sioc-project.org/firefox– Easy to setup and use (Firefox extension, auto-update)– Support for RDFa!– Architecture of participation: just browse the Web– Discover Semantic Web documents using RDF autodiscovery

links (a popular practice for advertising Atom/RSS and FOAF):<head> <link rel="meta" type="application/rdf+xml" title="FOAF"

href="http://example.com/people/~you/foaf.rdf"/></head>

Advertising RDF data to PTSW

136

Click to view SW data.

Semantic Radar in action, sending pings to PTSW

137

FireFoxSemantic Radars

Web Services and Software Agents

Semantic Web Documents (RDF)

Ping the Semantic Web

doap:store

• PTSW acts as a central access point for RDF data:– Subscribe to the service– Ask for recent updates– Apply namespace

restrictions (e.g. export FOAF only)

– Get fresh Semantic Web data

– Concentrate on your tools, rather than on finding the data

Reusing data from PTSW

138

• Sindice:– Lookup service for Semantic Web documents

• doap:store:– DOAP-based projects directory

• SWSE, Zitgist, Swoogle:– Semantic Web search engines

Existing services that can make use of PTSW

139

doap:store

140

Write your own Social Semantic Web application

• Find data:– Subscribe to PTSW– Make a crontab script to regularly fetch new data

• Store data:– Plain-text files– RDF stores

• Query the data:– SPARQL query language and protocol, a W3C recommendation– “Trying to use the Semantic Web without SPARQL is like trying to

use a relational database without SQL” - Tim Berners-Lee

141

Storing RDF data

• RDF stores:– Storage systems for triples– Better performance that distributed queries– Some support inference engines (OWL, RDFS)– Many provide an open SPARQL endpoint to let people use data

• Various implementations:– YARS (Java)– ARC2 (PHP)– 3Store (C)– Virtuoso, etc.

142

Querying RDF data

• SPARQL language:– A language to query a set of triples– REST-protocol between clients and endpoint– Results in standard formats (XML or JSON)– http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/

• SPARQL endpoint:– Remotely accessible data– Data openness– Easy to use, e.g. ARC2 requires just three lines of code:

include_once('path/to/arc/ARC2.php');$ep = ARC2::getStoreEndpoint(array(...));$ep->go();

143

Semantic Web Search Engine (SWSE)

• A large-scale Semantic Web search engine developed and run by DERI Galway:– http://swse.deri.org/– Andreas Harth, Jürgen Umbrich, Aidan Hogan, Stefan Decker,

“YARS2: A Federated Repository for Querying Graph Structured Data from the Web”, The 6th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2007), pp. 211-224, Busan, Korea, 2007

What does SWSE do?

• SWSE searches and navigates factual entities collected from over 200,000 data sources

• Components:– Web-scale crawling and object consolidation– Fully-distributed RDF storage and SPARQL query processing using

YARS2 (already achieved 7 billion synthetically generated triples)– Advanced schema agnostic ranking– User interface with guided navigation

• Features:– Ability to handle various entity types (such as people, places, proteins)

and various media types– Tracking provenance of triples using context / named graphs

• Search and explore the Semantic Web at:– http://swse.deri.org/

SWSE™ data flow

QueryProcessorIndexCrawler

UserInterface

146

The Sindice lookup index

147

The Sindice SIOC widget

148

SPARQLing Social Semantic Web data

• Find all posts and their titles by John, using SELECT, and combining vocabularies (DC, SIOC, SIOC Types):

SELECT ?post ?title

WHERE {

?post rdf:type sioct:BlogPost ;

dc:title ?title ;

sioc:has_creator <$johns_URI> .

}

149

SPARQLing Social Semantic Web data (2)

• Find all users that posted replies to John’s blog since January 2008, introducing the FILTER clause:

SELECT ?who

WHERE {

?post rdf:type sioct:BlogPost ;

dc:title ?title ;

sioc:has_creator <$johns_URI> .

?post sioc:has_reply ?reply .

?reply sioc:has_creator ?who ;

dcterms:created ?date .

FILTER (?date > "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime)

}

150

SPARQLing Social Semantic Web data (3)

• Find all content created by someone with a given OpenID URL:– Browse someone’s social media contributions posted on various

websites using different account names, but for the same person

SELECT ?item

WHERE {

?person foaf:openid <$openid> ;

foaf:holdsAccount ?user .

?user sioc:creator_of ?item .

}

151

Parse SPARQL results

• SPARQL XML• JSON:

– Easiest– Many extensions (e.g. PHP5)– Many examples

152

Querying RDF files

• Redland: http://librdf.org• Bindings: Available for PHP, Python, etc.• Example in Python:

Import RDFm = RDF.Model()m.load(‘http://apassant.net/foaf.rdf’)q = RDF.Query("SELECT ?s WHERE { ?s ?p ?o .}")results = q1.execute(model)for result in results:

print result[’s']

153

Need more data?

• Translate any data to SIOC:– Re-use SIOC tools for non-SIOC data

• Semantic Pipes:– http://pipes.deri.org/

• SPARQL constructs:– The “XSLT” of RDF– Translate a set of RDF data from one graph format to another– For example:

CONSTRUCT { ?x a sioc:Post . ?x sioc:has_creator ?y }

WHERE { ?x a myont:BlogElement . ?x myont:created_by ?y }

155

Consuming SIOC as Semantic Web data

• SIOC = RDF data

• Generic Semantic Web applications can be used:– RDF APIs (Jena, Redland, etc.)– RDF crawlers– RDF browsers (Tabulator, Zitgist, SIOC RDF Browser, etc.)– More apps: http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/SW-FAQ#tools

• Customised applications can provide more added value and / or better user interfaces:– SIOC Explorer (faceted browsing of SIOC data)– Buxon, etc.

156

How can SIOC data be used?

157

• sparql.captsolo.net/browser

SIOC RDF Browser

158

SIOC RDF Browser (2)

159

SIOC RDF Browser (3)

160

Demonstration of SIOC Explorer

161

Accessing SIOC content from multiple sourcesBrowsing SIOC content from one sourceFilter by “facet” from all sources

• Facet can be a direct or indirect property:

Direct

– The topic of the content item

– The creator of the item

– The date created

…

Indirect

– A geographic location of the person who created it

– The gender of the person

– An interest shared by many creators

162

Social SIOC Explorer

163

Browsing SIOC with Piggy Bank

164

Browsing SIOC with TimeLine

165

Browsing SIOC with TimeLine (2)

166

Semantic MicrOBlogging [SMOB]

167

Semantic MicrOBlogging [SMOB] (2)

• User publishing services can ping one or a set of SMOB aggregating servers (and post on Twitter simultaneously)

• Users can retain control of their own data (in RDF) through self hosting

• For the server, ARC2 is used for storage / querying and Exhibit for the user interface:– Security and privacy are open issues, but can be addressed in

some part by requiring OpenID authentication

• At http://smob.sioc-project.org you can test client / server– Download from http://smob.googlecode.com/

168

Using SIOC and FOAF to represent portable data

169

Porting social media contributions from data providers to import services

• Importing SIOC data:– A Semantic Web “building

block” for portable data

170

SIOC import tools

• Importing SIOC data is easy:– Parse SIOC RDF data (e.g. using ARC2 or RAP for PHP)– Convert SIOC data to the content model of the target system:

• e.g. content and other properties of blog posts and comments• Can use SIOC APIs to hold the data model

– Store data in the target application:• The most difficult part

• More info:– Uldis Bojārs, Alexandre Passant, John Breslin, Stefan Decker,

“Social Network and Data Portability using Semantic Web Technologies”, The 2nd Workshop on Social Aspects of the Web (SAW 2008), Innsbruck, Austria, May 2008

171

WordPress SIOC Importer

• We have lots of producers of SIOC data, but now we need more applications that can consume it, like the SIOC WordPress Importer:– http://wiki.sioc-project.org/w/SIOC_Import_Plugin

• Just as WordPress can import blog entries from various blogging systems, the SIOC importer can import any discussion posts (and comments) represented in SIOC (forum posts, mail messages, IRC chats, etc.)

• SIOC data from various formats (e.g. RDFa, GRDDL) can be used

172

SIOC import process for WordPress

1. Parse RDF data (using the open-source RAP RDF parser for PHP)

2. Find all posts, i.e. instances of sioc:Post, which exhibit all of the properties required by the target site

3. For each post found, it creates a new post and all its comments using WordPress API calls

• To do:• Multiple sources• Authentication• Synchronisation• SIOC import APIs


www.deri.org

5. Leveraging semantics in Enterprise 2.0

174

Enterprise 2.0

• Web 2.0 includes applications such as blogs, wikis, RSS feeds and social networking, while Enterprise 2.0 is the packaging of those technologies in both corporate IT and workplace environments

• “Enterprise 2.0 is the use of emergent social software platforms within companies, or between companies and their partners or customers”, Harvard Business School’s Professor Andrew McAfee

• “There are direct enterprise equivalents [to Facebook]. You can ask people the status of their projects, what they’re working on, are they travelling, things they’ve learned. All of these things would be very valuable inside an enterprise.”

175

• Social media services that people have been using in everyday life on the Web are now entering organisations:– Blogs– Wikis– Social networking– Tagging– Microblogging

• Lots of companies and products in this space:– Awareness, Mentor Scout, Contact Networks, Microsoft

SharePoint, IBM Lotus Connections, SelectMinds, introNetworks, Tacit, Illumio, Jive Software, Visible Path, Leverage Software, Web Crossing, SocialText

Enterprise 2.0 (2)

176

Enterprise 2.0 (3)

• McAfee’s “SLATES” requirements for Enterprise 2.0:– Search– Links– Authoring– Tagging– Extension– Signals

• More to come in the next few years:– Gartner has identified that many more “social computing

platforms” will be considered for adoption by companies during the next 10 years

– Forrester Research predicts that the Enterprise 2.0 solutions market will be $4.6 billion by 2013

177

introNetworks

178

Jive Software

179

Issues with Enterprise 2.0

• These new deployments also face the same issues that are on the Web:– Fragmented information

• Blogs, wikis, RSS feeds… how can you get a global picture of a project?

– Plain-text only:• “List all the Semantic Web institutes based in Europe”

– Issues with tagging:• Ambiguity, heterogeneity, lack or organisation…

• The Semantic Web can offer enhanced functionality by interlinking Enterprise 2.0 data with common semantics

180

• Semantic Web technologies can be leveraged in organisations for:– Ontology-based knowledge management– Data integration and middleware layers– Reasoning– Augmented search

• See the SWEO use cases document:– http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/sweo/public/UseCases/– More than 25 case studies and use cases– Vodafone, NASA, Renault, etc.

Semantic Web in organisations

181

• Semantic wikis:– Most wikis are plain-text only, information is difficult to re-use (e.g.

“list all the Semantic Web institutes based in Europe”)– Use the wiki philosophy to build RDF(S)/OWL knowledge that can

be more easily queried

• Semantic tagging:– Solves the main issues of tagging: ambiguity, heterogeneity, etc.

• SIOC:– Provides interoperability between applications to solve the

fragmentation issue– Semantic search on the top of distributed tools

Social semantics for Enterprise 2.0

182

What are semantic wikis?

• A wiki that has an underlying model of the knowledge described in its pages:– Semantic wikis allow to capture or identify further information

about the pages (metadata) and their relations– Knowledge model available in a formal language, so that

machines can (at least partially) process and reason on it– A semantic wiki would be able to capture that an "apple" article is

about a "fruit" (through an inheritance relationship) and present you with further fruits when you look at apple

– Some are used for personal knowledge management, others aimed at KM for communities

• http://www.semwiki.org/

183

Structural and content metadata in semantic wikis

184

Semantic MediaWiki

• Semantic MediaWiki is an extension of MediaWiki, the open-source wiki system powering Wikipedia:– Allows users to add structured data to the entries, turning it into a

semantic wiki– Users can classify the “type” of links, e.g. making a relationship

such as “capital of” between Berlin and Germany explicit:• ... [[capital of::Germany]] ... resulting in the semantic statement

"Berlin" "capital of" "Germany"– On the page about Berlin, users can explicitly define its population

by writing:• ... the population is [[population:=3,993,933]] ... resulting in the

semantic statement "Berlin" "has population" "3993933"– Currently the most widely-deployed semantic wiki

185

SemanticWeb.org

186

Corporate semantic wikis in use

• Ontology population is a complex task:– Knowledge engineering skills, RDF(S)/OWL modeling– Semantic wikis can ease the process

• UfoWiki:– Combines:

• Forms

• Lightweight ontologies

– Community-orientedontology population and evolution

187

Issues with corporate tagging (1)

• The long tail of tags:– Much valuable information, but difficult to find– Use case: EDF R&D: > 3 years, 12257 tags, 21614 blog posts

• 54.2% of tags used only one time, 75.77% used <= 3 times

188

Issues with corporate tagging (2)

• Different tagging behaviours depending on expertise:– Some tags may be too generic for experts (Semantic Web) but

too specific for non-experts (GRDDL)

• Use case:– 194 items tagged with “TF” (= Thin Film):

• 1% of them tagged with “solar”

• < 0.5% of “solar” items tagged “TF”

– Both tags are weakly related from a co-occurrence point of view– Valuable information can be retrieved by non-experts!

189

Tagging and the Semantic Web

• More issues with tagging:– Heterogeneity: different tags, one meaning– Ambiguity: one tag, different meanings– Unrelated: no (explicit) relationship between tags

• A common semantic for tags and tagging actions:– The “Tag Ontology” by Newman from 2005– tags:Tag rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept– A “Tagging” class describes a tripartite relationship

between:• A user

• An annotated resource

• Some tags

190

gnizr

191

Going further with tagging

• SCOT (Social Semantic Cloud of Tags):– A model to describe tagclouds (tags and co-occurrence)– Ability to move your own tagcloud from one service to another– Share tagclouds between services, and between users– “Tag portability”

• MOAT (Meaning of a Tag):– A model to define “meanings” of tags using existing URIs– e.g. SPARQL → http://dbpedia.org/resource/SPARQL– Tagged content enters the “Linked Data” web

• In this post, I’m using the tag ‘apple’ as dbpedia:Apple_Inc.

– Collaborative approach:• Anyone can define a new meaning for a tag

• Meanings are shared inside a given community

192

Current state of the Linking Open Data project

193

MOAT client for Drupal

194

LODr

• Re-tag your existing Web 2.0 content using URIs:– Web 2.0 content -> Linked Data– LODr: http://lodr.info

195

Interconnecting Enterprise 2.0 services

• RDF hub architecture (Tim Berners-Lee):

– Add-ons to produce RDF data from existing Web 2.0 applications

– Store distributed data using RDF stores

• Create new applications:– Semantic mashups– Semantic search– Open architecture thanks to a

SPARQL endpoint, services as plugins to the architecture

196

SIOC for Enterprise 2.0

• A first layer of common semantics:– Lightweight add-ons, completely automated exports

• Enable integration of user-generated content:– From various distributed applications

197

Using SIOC in collaborative working environments

198

Accessing BSCW spaces in BC with SIOC / WSDL

199

OpenLink DataSpaces

• ODS provides access to SIOC instance data from a range of ODS application instances including blogs, wikis, aggregated feeds, shared bookmarks, discussions, photo galleries, briefcases, etc.

200

Talis Engage

201

An interlinked graph for Enterprise 2.0

202

Semantic search for Enterprise 2.0

• Improving search by using semantic annotations:– But hide the RDF(S)/OWL and SPARQL complexity from end

users– From plain-text to concept search

203

Semantic mash-ups

• Integrating internal information with public RDF data from the LOD cloud:

– Low-cost semantic mash-ups– e.g. geolocation services for semantic wiki data

204

Extending the approach

• The same strategy can be applied to any community that wants to share information in a collaborative way

• SWANSIOC:– Building a discourse ontology for information sharing in the

context of Alzheimer disease– Joint work between DERI, Massachusetts General Hospital /

Harvard Medical School in the W3C HCLS IG• http://esw.w3.org/topic/HCLSIG/SWANSIOC


www.deri.org

6. Conclusions

206

Addressing the issues

• Object-centred sociality makes sense:– This is the way we really use social websites– Use semantics to describe this usage, by representing objects

that can be linked and reused across sites

• Interlinking disconnected sites and profiles:– Leverage a “vocabulary onion” of linked semantic ontologies

including FOAF and SIOC– Describe people, social networks, content items within and

across sites

• Providing solutions for Enterprise 2.0:– Not only the Social Web, but novel uses in organisations

207

Realisations of how to leverage social semantics

208

A vocabulary onion, building on FOAF, SKOS, SIOC, SIOC Types, DC

209

Disconnected sites on the Social Web / Web 2.0 can be linked using Semantic Web vocabularies

210

Some examples of where SIOC is already use (about 50 implementations / applications)

212

A list of some of these SIOC implementations

Creating SIOC data• SIOC APIs

– SIOC Export API for PHP*– SIOC API for Java*

• Weblog, forum and CMS exporters – WordPress SIOC Exporter– Dotclear SIOC Exporter*– b2evolution SIOC Exporter– Drupal SIOC Exporter– phpBB 2.x SIOC Exporter– Triplify*

• Other exporters – OpenLink DataSpaces*– TalkDigger*– SWAML*– Mailing List Archives*– Mailing List Exporter*– Twitter2RDF*, IRC2RDF*– ZYB* (Vodafone)– Sioku (Jaiku2RDF) – gnizr*– OpenQabal*– BlogEngine.NET*, SemanticEngine.NET*

Using SIOC data• SPARQL endpoints, querying SIOC data

– ODS demo server and MyOpenLink.net*– #B4mad.Net SPARQL endpoint*

• Crawling and browsing SIOC data – SIOC Crawler– SIOC Browsers* and SIOC Explorer– Buxon*

• Using SIOC for new data – Fishtank*– BAETLE*– RDFa on Rails*– IkeWiki*– int.ere.st– OpenLink Virtuso AMI*– Talis Engage*

• Reusing SIOC data – IKHarvester, notitio.us and JeromeDL– BSCW*, BC*, Corona*

SIOC utilities• Finding and indexing SIOC data

– Semantic Radar, PingTheSemanticWeb.com*– Yahoo! SearchMonkey*, BOSS

* Created outside DERI

213

Advice for students

• Relevant journals, conferences, workshops:– Journal of Web Semantics– ISWC, ESWC, WWW, ICWSM– SPOT, LDOW, SDOW

• Past events to look at:– SAW, BlogTalk, CSSW, AAAI-SSW

214

Coming soon!

• The Social Semantic Web:– J.G. Breslin, A. Passant, S. Decker– Springer, Autumn 2009– www.socialsemanticweb.net

215

Thank-you… Do you want to know more?

• Thanks to Uldis Bojars and Stefan Decker for their slides

• The SIOC project is supported by Science Foundation Ireland under grant number SFI/02/CE1/I131 (Líon) and SFI/08/CE/I1380 (Líon 2)

• The SIOC project page:– http://sioc-project.org

• The SIOC W3C member submission:– http://www.w3.org/Submission/2007/02

• A SIOC developer mailing list:– http://groups.google.com/group/sioc-

dev

• An IRC chat channel about SIOC:– irc://irc.freenode.net/sioc

• A comprehensive list of SIOC applications:

– http://rdfs.org/sioc/applications/

• The SIOC Browser prototype:– http://sparql.captsolo.net/browser/

• Semantic Radar extension for Firefox:– https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/

firefox/addon/3886

the social semantic web: an introduction

Technology

social semantic web

social software

media social media

social websites

social networks

social news

generation of web

socialnetworking sites