the smartest giant in town - università degli studi di
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THIS WEEK
THE SMARTEST GIANT IN TOWN
➢ GRAMMAR:• comparative adjectives and adverbs (5A)
• superlatives (5B)
• quantifiers (5C)
5A 5B 5C
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COMPARATIVES and SUPERLATIVES 5A
We use comparative and superlative adjectives and
adverbs to compare people or things.
Making comparatives
1) One syllable adjectives and adverbs
• add -er for comparative and -est for superlative
cheap - cheaper - cheapest fast - faster - fastestgreat - greater – greatest
• if the adjective or adverb ends in -e, then just add -r or -st
nice - nicer – nicest safe - safer - safestrude - ruder - rudest
• if the adjective ends in a vowel + consonant, double the
last letter before adding -er/-est, unless it ends in -w.
big - bigger – biggest hot - hotter - hottestnew - newer - newest
5B
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COMPARATIVES and SUPERLATIVES 5A
2) Adjectives/adverbs with three or more syllables
• use more in the comparative and most in the superlative.
expensive - more expensive - most expensivefluently - more fluently - most fluently
3) Adjectives/adverbs with two syllables
• in many cases the comparative and superlative can be
formed either by adding -er/-est or by using more/most.
quiet - quieter/more quiet - quietest/most quiet
common - commoner/more common - commonest/most common
• for two syllable adjectives/adverbs that end in -y: change
the y to i before adding -er/-est.
happy - happier - happiest
busy - busier - busiest
early - earlier - earliest
5B
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COMPARATIVES: (+) 5A
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COMPARATIVES: (+)
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COMPARATIVES: (=) AS … AS
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COMPARATIVES: (=) AS MUCH/MANY … AS
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COMPARATIVES: (-) LESS / FEWER … THAN
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QUANTIFIERS (1):MANY, MUCH,A LOT / LOTS (OF)
• We use MUCH and MANY mainly in questions and negative sentences• [?] Were there many children at the party? • [-] I don’t have many students. It’s a small class.• [?] Is there much unemployment in that area?• [-] I haven’t got much change.
You can use them in affirmative sentences too, in more formal registers• [+] Many politicians have suffered at the hands of the popular press. • [+] There is much concern about drug addiction in the US.
• We use A LOT (OF), LOTS OF in positive and negative sentences and questions:• [+ U] I went shopping and spent a lot of money.• [- U] Can you hurry up? I don’t have a lot of time.• [? C] Are there a lot of good players at your tennis club?• [- C] There weren’t a lot of students yesterday• [? U] Have you eaten lots of chocolate?• [+ C] We’ve got lots of things to do.
Unit 5C ex. 3 p.40
see also:CAMBRIDGE GRAMMAR
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QUANTIFIERS (2) – TOO MUCH / TOO MANY / TOO
GB ex. 5C a-b p.135
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A LITTLE, A FEW
LITTLE, FEW
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OVER TO YOU
• Units 5A, 5B, 5C (pp. 36-41)
• Grammar bank pp. 134-135
• (extra) BBC Learning unit on comparatives and superlatives
HOMEWORK
• exercises in next slide
• read the book «A Squash and a
Squeeze» (J. Donaldson) and pay
attention to the different verb tenses
used. Note down at least one
representative example for each tense,
and try to explain why they are used.