The Skeletal System –

OrganizationDay 2

Axial Skeleton

• Consists of the 80 bones in the head and trunk of the human body

• The purpose of the axial skeleton (among

other things) is to protect the body's most vital organs

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Axial_skeleton_diagram.svg

Bones of the Axial Skeleton

• Cranial Bones (22)• Facial Bones (14)• Ossicles – Inner Ear (6)• Hyoid Bone - U-shape bone located in the

neck. It anchors the tongue and is associated with swallowing (1)

• Vertebral Column – Includes Sacrum and Coccyx (26)

• Thoracic Cage – Includes Ribs (25)

Appendicular Skeleton

• Consists of 126 bones in the human body which make motion possible and protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction

• The word appendicular means referring to an appendage or anything attached to a major part of the body, such as the upper and lower extremities

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Appendicular_skeleton_diagram.svg

Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton

• Shoulder girdle (Clavicle, Scapula)

• Arm (Humerus, Ulna, Radius)

• Hand (Metacarpals, Phalanges)• Pelvic girdle

• Leg (Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella)

• Foot (Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges)

• THE AXIAL AND APPENDICULAR SKELETON TOGETHER MAKE UP THE COMPLETE SKELETON

Cartilage/Meniscus

• A strong, flexible material that supports and provides a smooth surface that makes movement at a joint smooth

• 3 Functions:

• Stability

• Lubrication & Nutrition

• Shock absorption

Ligaments

• Strong bands or cords of tissue that connect the BONE TO BONE at a joint

• Commonly injured ligaments are the Patellar Ligaments:

• ACL – Anterior Cruciate Ligament• LCL – Lateral Collateral Ligament• PCL – Posterior Cruciate Ligament• MCL – Medial Collateral Ligament

Anterior View of Right Knee

Tendons

• Bands of fiber that connect MUSCLE TO BONES

• Tendons and muscles work together to exert a pulling force

• Commonly Injured Tendon is the Achilles Tendon which connects the heel bone to the Gastrocnemius and Soleus (Calf muscles)

Types of Bones

• Long

• Short

• Flat

• Irregular

• Sesamoid

Types of Joints

• 3 main types:• Immovable i.e. Cranium• Slightly Movable i.e. Vertebral Joint,

Tibiofibular Joint• Freely Movable (Synovial) i.e. All other joints in

the body• The Synovial Joint contains synovial fluid which

allows the joint to move freely and decreases friction

• Synovial Joints are classified into 3 different sections: Hinge, Condyloid, Ball and Socket

Types of Joints Cont’d

• Hinge – Allows movement in One plane of motion ONLY i.e. Elbow, Knee

• Condyloid – Allows movement in Two planes of motion i.e. Wrist, Ankle

• Ball and Socket – Allows movement in Three directions and a great range of motion i.e. Shoulder, Hip

• Saddle – found in the thumb

Synovial Joints - Worksheets• Worksheets:

• “Types of Synovial Joints”

• “The Synovial Joint”

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