the skeletal system
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17.2 The Skeletal System
Life Science, Ms. Wells
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Functions of Skeletal System
• Provides all movement• Works with Muscles
– Skeletal System + Muscular System = Musculoskeletal System
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Bone Shapes
• Long Bone = in arms & legs
• Short Bone– in feet & hands
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Bones Shapes
• Irregular Bones = spinal column (vertebrae)
• Flat Bones = ribs, skull
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Bones are Connective Tissue!
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Bone Types• Compact Bone
– Solid layer– Outer layer– Very strong– Dense calcium
network
• Spongy Bone– Lightweight,
STRONG– Full of holes (for
blood vessels)– Middle layer
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Calcium Network
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Spongy Bone
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Joints
• Function: allow for movement or to create a seal between 2 bones
• Definition: any place where 2 bones meet
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Immovable Joints• NO
movement/motion• Example: Skull• Bones in skull are
fused together to seal brain inside
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Slightly Movable Joints
• Can “give” a little, more flexible• But usually don’t move much• Example: Ribs
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Freely Movable Joints
• Bones glide back & forth past each other
• Lots of motion• Many types
– Hinge– Pivot– Ball and Socket
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Freely Movable: PIVOT Joint
• Motion: twist a door knob• Example: wrist
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Freely Movable: HINGE Joint
• Motion: open and close only one way
• Example: knee, elbow
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Freely Movable: BALL AND SOCKET
• Motion: throwing a baseball
• Example: shoulder, thigh bone to hips
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Ligaments
• Connective tissue that holds bones together @ joints
• Stretchy
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Osteoporosis• Osteo- = bone• -porosis = break
down, porous, holes• Loss of density in
bone• Calcium network
thins• Bones become brittle• Effects women more
than men
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“Soft Spot” or Fontanelle• Immovable skull
joints are not entirely fused in infants
• Easier to squeeze big head out of mother
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Cartilage
• Bones missing the CALCIUM network!
• Flexible, soft• Example: ears, nose, lining of
joints• All bones start out as cartilage• Add calcium to harden = OSSIFY
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Cartilage & Joints• Cushions joints so
bones don’t grind• Arthritis =
cartilage covering bones in joints wears down which causes pain and limits movement
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THE END!