the simulation analysis of passenger evacuation in one subway station based on exodus speaker: ye...
TRANSCRIPT
The simulation analysis of passenger evacuation in one Subway station based on Exodus
Speaker: YE Yongfeng
TONGJI UNIVERSITY
7th,November, 2008
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Design requirement of people evacuation in subway
station
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
4. Conclusion
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Metro station: a public place with busy people flow, generally situates
underground.
a large space in the metro station while relatively small number of exits
a relatively airtight area
Once a fire or other emergencies strikes, there will be considerable
causalities and economic loss without proper evacuation.
the arson of Daegu Subway Station in South Korea in Feb,2003
1. Introduction
198 deaths 147 injuries
1. Introduction
The bomb explosion in Moscow subway station in February, 2004
40deaths about 100 injuries
the poison gas attack in Japan's subway in April, 1995
12 deaths about 5500 injuries
1. Introduction
How to evacuate a large number of passengers and staff efficiently and safely when fire and other potential safety risks come up is a topic worth probing into.
Taking one subway station in Shanghai as a prototype Using Building Exodus V4.0 The bottleneck and congestion during the evacuation To find out the key issues and provide corresponding technical measures
2. Design requirement of people evacuation in subway station
2. Design requirement of people evacuation in subway station
1
Design requirements of
the national code
2Design requirement of evacuation performance
All the people on the platform should be evacuated to safety places in 6 minutes in case of emergency---Code for Design of metro---Urban Rail Transit Design Standard
ASET > RSET
ASET
RSETMovement
timePrepare timeThe time of Detection
Hazards occur
Detected Alarmed The evacuation is completed
Bearing limited
Available Safety Escape
Time
Required Safety Escape Time
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.1 Introduction to Building Exodus
EXODUS is designed to simulate the
evacuation and movement of large
numbers of individuals within complex
structures.
Composed of six interrelated sub
regarded as a powerful tool to evacuation
design, evaluation and research.
Passenger Movement
Hazard Geometry
Behaviour
ToxicityFatality
data
Movement attributes
Behaviors attributes
FED data
Fire hazard data
Hazard data
Movement preferences
Geometrical & hazard data
Occupant locations
Building EXODUS sub-model interaction
One subway station in Shanghai covers an area of 10965m2
two-storied underground island style platform
2 sets of stairs and escalators
one set of cross-zigzag staircase
total number of 1521 people in the station (200 people on the platform; 1321 on one arriving train).
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.2 Introduction of the subway station
The planar sketch of the platform
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.3 The setting of the disaster environment
Assuming there is an emergency (such as a bomb, threat etc.), and the
disaster doesn’t actually take place.
1
Assuming a small scale fire breaks up, all the passengers in the subway station need to be evacuated.
2
Evacuation simulation under general circumstances
Evacuation simulation under disaster
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.4 The computation result and analysis of the simulation
The figure of geometrical model of the platform
The schematic drawing of the person distribution on the platform
1. The results of evacuation simulation under general circumstances:
1) In the first case the 6 staircases in the public area
are open to all the people needed to be evacuated
no intervention. The result shows that it takes 3 minutes
and 55 seconds for all the people to be evacuated. The result well met the requirements in the code.
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.4 The computation result and analysis of the simulation
The curve diagram of escapednumber against time in the first caseunder the
general circumstances
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.3 The setting of the disaster environment
Assuming there is an emergency (such as a bomb, threat etc.), and the
disaster doesn’t actually take place.
1
Assuming a fire breaks up, all the passengers in the subway station need to be evacuated.
2
Evacuation simulation under general circumstances
Evacuation simulation under disaster
1. The results of evacuation simulation under general circumstances:
1) In the first case the 6 staircases in the public area
are open to all the people needed to be evacuated
no intervention. The result shows that it takes 3 minutes
and 55 seconds for all the people to be evacuated. The result well met the requirements in the code.
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.4 The computation result and analysis of the simulation
The curve diagram of escapednumber against time in the first caseunder the
general circumstances
2) In the second case the escalator on the right side of
public area is restricted for the use of firefighters and rescuers.
The other 5 staircases are open to all the people
No intervention. The result shows that it takes 7 minutes
and 30 seconds for all the people to be evacuated. The result does not meet the requirements in the code.
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.4 The computation result and analysis of the simulation
The curve diagram of escapednumber against time in the second caseunder the
general circumstances
Why this happen?
How to solve the problem?
Analysis shows that
all the people choose the shortest flight course
People in the right staircase cannot see the people flow in the middle and left staircase
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.4 The computation result and analysis of the simulation
The distribution of people on the platform 2 minutes after the fire break up in the second case under the general circumstances
the staircase on the right side is heavily congested
The left and middle staircase were not fully used
3 ） The third case
is similar to the second one.
when the right side staircase is congested, intervention is made to change some people’s flight course to make full use of every exit.
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.4 The computation result and analysis of the simulation
The distribution of people on the platform 2 minutes after the fire break up in the second case under the general circumstances
The distribution of people on the platform 2 minutes after the fire break up in the third case under the general circumstances
The distribution of people in each exit is far more even than that of the second case.
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.4 The computation result and analysis of the simulation
3 ） The third case
is similar to the second one.
when the right side staircase is congested, intervention is made to change some people’s flight course to make full use of every exit.
The simulation results show that it takes 5 minutes for all the people to evacuate, which takes 2 minutes 30 seconds less than the second case and fulfills the requirement of the code.
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.4 The computation result and analysis of the simulation
The curve diagram of escapednumber against time in the second caseunder the
general circumstances
2. The computation results of evacuation under disaster the overall heat release of the fire is 40.3 MW, each second is 1.4MW
on average. Assuming that the fire takes place near the pillar between the right-
sided staircase in the middle area (the red part in Figure), and lasts for 1 hour.
The fire is simulated by Smartfire4.1.
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.4 The computation result and analysis of the simulation
The planar sketch in the Smartfire calculation model
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.3 The setting of the disaster environment
Assuming there is an emergency (such as a bomb, threat etc.), and the
disaster doesn’t actually take place.
1
Assuming a fire breaks up, all the passengers in the subway station need to be evacuated.
2
Evacuation simulation under general circumstances
Evacuation simulation under disaster
2. The computation results of evacuation under disaster the overall heat release of the fire is 40.3 MW, each second is 1.4MW
on average. Assuming that the fire takes place near the pillar between the right-
sided staircase in the middle area (the red part in Figure), and lasts for 1 hour.
The fire is simulated by Smartfire4.1.
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.4 The computation result and analysis of the simulation
The planar sketch in the Smartfire calculation model
The figure shows the temperature field of the section of Z axis according to the computation results.
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.4 The computation result and analysis of the simulation
车
辆
车
辆
The computation result of Smartfire is introduced in the computation model of Exodus and connected with the disaster situations in all the areas of Exodus.
The computation result shows that with the guidance of working staff and the intervention of flight
course, it t takes 5 minutes 15 seconds for all the people to evacuate. The simulated result meets the requirements of the code and no
casualties occurs in the evacuation. The fire risk without heavy fog doesn’t have significant influence on
the evacuation result.
3. Simulation analysis of a subway station
3.4 The computation result and analysis of the simulation
4. Conclusion
4. Conclusion
The conclusion drawn from the computation analysis is listed as follows.
1. Under different risks, people choose the shortest flight course automatically. Without intervention of people’s flight course, the time needed to evacuate is strongly influenced by distribution of people in the subway station.
2. During the evacuation , Some of the exits might not be used at all, while others might be heavily congested. Therefore, proper intervention can efficiently save the precious time for people to escape.
3. The design of intervention on evacuation course is to ensure the even use of each exit in evacuation.
4. Small scale fire has little influence on the evacuation.
5. Proper safety evacuation training of the working staff and rescuers, regular drilling, in time checking and updating of the fire fighting facilities can efficiently prevent major casualties.
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