The Seven Ancient Wonders of the

World Go to the following link: http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/wonders/ 1. Whose writings described the 7 Ancient Wonders of the World found?

Herodotus, in his work History 2. Who was he and when were they written? Wrote in the 5th century B.C.

Key Greek historian Wrote about Great Pyramid at Giza, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, etc.

3. Fill out this chart: click onto the images, this will take you to all the Wonders! What is the Wonder?

Where is the Wonder located?

Describe the Wonder!

The Great Pyramid of Giza

At the city of Giza, a necropolis of ancient Memphis, and today part of Greater Cairo, Egypt

Great pyramid was 145.75 m (481 ft) high, but has since lost 10 m from top Built around 2560 BC as a tomb for Egyptian pharaoh Khufu of the 4th Dynasty Constructed of 2 million blocks of stone, and covered with a casing of stones to smooth its surface Contains a number of corridors, galleries, and escape shafts, in

addition to the Kings burial chamber

The Hanging Gardens of Babylondid they really exist? Although they were discussed extensively by Greek historians and poets, Chaldean tablets from the time of Nebuchadnezzar do not contain any known reference to the Hanging Gardens

Mesopotamia East bank of the Euphrates River, 50 km south of Baghdad, Iraq

Series of vaulted gardens, terraces Covered with exotic plants, animals, waterfalls, and exquisite treasures

Statue of Zeus at Olympia

ancient town of Olympia, on west of modern Greece, near Athens

Huge statue made of ivory and gold, with scepter inlaid with all metals, and eagle perched on scepter Sandals and robe are gold Zeus seated on magnificent throne

Temple of Artemis at Ephesus

ancient city of Ephesus, in Turkey

Served as marketplace and religious institution Pilgrims brought gifts of gold and ivory Huge marble temple with spacious courtyard 20m high ionic columns

The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

Bodrum, Halicarnassus, Turkey

Burial place of the ancient king Made of marble, with exquisite statues of horses and men Sarcophagus made of white alabaster and decorated with gold Surrounded by an ionic columnade, supported an

elaborate, decorated pyramid roof

The Colossus of Rhodes

Located at the entrance of the harbor of the Mediterranean island of Rhodes in Greece

Bronze statue on a base of white marble So large that when it fell, Pliny wrote, Few people can make their arms meet round the thumb

The Light house of Alexandria

On the ancient island of Pharos, now a promontory within the city of Alexandria in Egypt

Tallest building on earth Ensured a safe return to the Great Harbour Mysterious mirror whose reflection was visible for over 50km off shore Summit adorned by statues of Poseidon

Tour of the Hanging Gardens of Neo-Babylon

Now just look up Mesopotamias Wonder using the following link: http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/wonders/gardens.html 1. Describe the Hanging Gardens that Nebuchdrezzar built for his wife.

The art of royal luxutry Plants cultivated above ground level, on a series of vaulted

terraces Stairway leading to the highest terraces Stone colonnades supported the entire structure Water pumped to the highest terrace fell in streams and irrigated

the gardens Constant irrigation kept plants healthy and vegetation lush

2. Describe the technology of the Hanging Gardens.

Pumps well-concealed in the structures interior brought water to the highest levels of the terraces

Water falls were used to irrigate the plants, which helped keep the vegetation lush and healthy

Babylon the City

While touring the ancient city of Babylon Answer the followingvisit this link http://www.ancientsites.com/aw/City/23 Visit both Babylon and Neo-Babylon. 1. When was the first city founded? 2800 B.C. by Sargon of Akkad 2. Who was the principle god of the city? Merodach was the divine patron of the city 3. How contentious of an area was Babylon from the Sumerian to Assyrian time periods? Very contentious was the capital of three empire (Sargons, the first dynasty of Babylon, and Hammurabis empie) Claimed supremacy over western Asia 4. The King who built the city of Neo Babylon in 580 BCE was.. Nebuchadnezzer 5. The entrance into the city is the ____________Ishtar___________ Gate. (Take a look at the map of Neo-Babylon.)

Herodotus Accounts of Babylon

Go to the following link http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/greek-babylon.html Please read through this primary source (sections to read are listed following the question). And, answer the following. 1. How does Herodotus describe the city? (I.178-182)

City lies on a broad plain Surrounded by a broad deep moat Inside moat is great city wall with brass gates Sides of moat with bricks baked with soil from inside the moat City divided by the Euphrates, a broad, deep, swift stream which

rises in Armenia and empties into the Erythrean Sea Three-four story houses Streets run in straight lines (grid-like system) Two walls: outer wall (main defense) and inner wall (smaller, but still

very strong) Center of each division of town held a fortress and a ziggurat

(temple) Temple housed a couch where the god was supposed to have slept

2. Who is the god of Babylons temple and how does Herodotus describe its wealth? (I.183-184)

Murduk In addition to statue of gold, large table and throne of gold Also two altars outside the temple, one of which is solid gold

3. How does Herodotus describe the customs, dress and women of Babylon? (I.195-96, I.198-99)

Linen tunic reaching to the feet Above this, another tunic made of wool Short white cloak thrown around them Peculiar shows Long hair, turbans, perfumes Everybody carries a seal and a carved, decorated walking stick One custom concerns selling all of the damsels to be wed Most beautiful were sold first, with all the rich men bidding for the

loveliest maidens

No man was allowed to sell his daughter to the man of his choice, only to the highest bidder

Herodotus says it is their wisest custom Another custom is to bury their dead in honey, with funeral

lamentations like the Egyptians Yet another custom is that once a man and wife have made love,

they must sit before burning incense until dawn, at which point they wash. They will not touch any of their common vessels until they have washed at day break

One shameful custom: every woman must once in her life go an sit in the temple of Venus (Ishtar) and consort with a stranger, who must be the first one to throw a silver coin on her lap

Done to satisfy the goddess

4. Overall, how does Herodotus describe Babylon? He generally describes Babylon favorably, even though he feels that some of their practices are rather odd, such as the necessity of all women to consort with a stranger to pay tribute to Venus (Ishtar). 5. Do you detect Herodotus bias in the primary source? Yes. As a Greek, he has been biased by his native country and culture. As a result, he bases his impressions of the city and culture on his beliefs of what is reasonable or normal in Greece. For example, he comments that some of their customs are wise while others are shameful. He comments that some of their beliefs are not creditable, and generally approaches the new city and its culture with the curiosity and critical eye of a stranger. It is noticeable that Herodotus often compares certain customs with those he is familiar with, or has noticed in other cultures. As a newcomer to the city, he appears to be trying to relate what he sees to that with which he is familiar.