the semantic web: [you are here] professor james hendler hendler director, semantic web and agent...

The Semantic Web: [You are here]

Professor James Hendlerhttp://www.cs.umd.edu/~hendler

Director, Semantic Web and Agent Technologies

Maryland Information and Network Dynamics Laboratory

SWMU, 03 3 owl.mindswap.org

Building the Semantic Web


The World Wide Web…

Works reasonably well for single document texts, or for finding sites based on single document textCannot integrate information from multiple documentsCannot find things in databases, programs, devices and

sensorsCannot ever get better (qualitatively)!

Keyword-based IR will never really do better than it does today (in satisfying user needs)


What about the rest of the Web?

1990

2000

2010

IMAGES AND

DOCUMENTS

DATAAND

PROGRAMS


Getting there: The Semantic Wave

(Berners-Lee, 03)


What’s the problem

Name

Rank

Serial Number


XML is NOT semantics


<photo> <subject> http://www.w3.org/~timbl </subject> <name> Tim Berners-Lee</name> </name> …</photo>





Xml schema is DOCUMENT checking photo has multiple subject fields photo has one physical location etc.




Xml schema is DOCUMENT checking photo has multiple subject fields photo has one physical location etc.

WHICH SAYS NOTHING ABOUT TALKS, SUBJECTS, PEOPLE, EVENTS, etc.


Event:title

Event:WebPage

< > rdf:type photo:Photograph, Photo:File http://…/images#image1, Photo:topic :event1#event:speaker.

Event1 a Event:event; date “May 7-11”, speaker http://…#timbl.html Title “WWW 2002…”

TimBL rdf:type w3c-ont:person; name “Tim Berners-Lee” …

<daml:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="photograph"><rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Picture"/><rdfs:range rdf:resource= …#person"/></daml:ObjectProperty>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2001/03/earl/0.95#Person"><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/><rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/03/earl/0.95#Assertor"/></rdf:Description>

<s:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.daml#Conference"><s:comment>describes a generic conceptabout events </s:comment><s:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.daml#Event"/><a:disjointFrom rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.daml#Workshop"/><a:restrictedBy rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/ontologies/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.daml#genid18"/>

The SEMANTICS is inthe links (e.g. to ontologies)!


From the small and structured

<daml:Class rdf:about="#Book"> </daml:Class>

<daml:Class rdf:about="#Author"> <rdfs:subClassO rdf:resource="#Person"/> </daml:Class>

<daml:Property rdf:about="#age"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Book"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#age_value_id"/> </daml:Property>

<rdfs:Property rdf:about="#award"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="Book"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#award_value_id"/> </rdfs:Property>

Database schema for International Digitial Children’s Library Metadata repository ~40 classes ~25 properties (corresponding to

database keys)


To the large and complex

owl:Class rdf:ID="CD80_Antigen"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Cell_Adhesion_Molecule</rdfs:label> <rdfs:label>CD80 Antigen</rdfs:label> <rdfs:subClassOf>

<owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#Protein_Expressed_In_Tissue"/> <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="#T_Cell"/>

</owl:Restriction></rdfs:subClassOf> <rdfs:subClassOf>

<owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#Protein_Expressed_In_Tissue"/> <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="#B_Cell"/>

</owl:Restriction></rdfs:subClassOf> <rdfs:subClassOf>

<owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#Protein_Expressed_In_Tissue"/> <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="#Macrophage"/>

</owl:Restriction></owl:Class>

<CD80_Antigen rdf:ID="CD80_AntigenData"> <Swiss_Prot>P33681</Swiss_Prot> <DEFINITION> <![CDATA[<def-source>NCI</def-source> <def-definition>A member of the immunoglobulin supergene family . Co-regulator of T cell activation with CD86. Plays a critical role in autoimmune, humoral, and transplant responses. Expressed on activated T and B cells and on macrophages. (from PROW)</def-definition>]]> </DEFINITION>

US National Cancer Institute Ontology ~17,000

classes >1 million

synonyms and definitions

RDF graph >500,000 triples


“My” Semantic Web

(I have nearly 200 daml/owl/rdf(s) files on my laptop) -- March, 2003


“Our” Semantic Web

Jan 1, 03: Crawler finds 5.8M+ DAML statements on 20,000+ web pages Doesn’t include many instance KBs tied to ontologies Doesn’t include many very large RDFS-based KBs that include some OWL

Ontology library at http://www.daml.org has 209 ontologies (March 2003) Open for anyone to create Open for anyone to use

OWL is being supported by large corporation labs Web tool developers: IBM, HP, Sun, Intel, Fujitsu Content providers: Daimler-Chrysler, Nokia, Motorola, EDS, Agfa

OWL is starting to be used by thesaurus developers C.f. National Cancer Institute metathesaurus released in OWL Lite CALL Thesaurus in DAML NASA thesaurus available in DAML

Use of semantic markup for Web Services beginning to move beyond basic research DAML-S cited as required reading for Web Services Choreography WG DAML-S being demoed to WSDL WG next week


The incoming tide …


What comes next

Scientific American Article notes

[Joint starting place:]

I. Semantic Web Vision (TBL)

II. What are the enablers? (in sequence)Screen Scraping (Ora and TBL)

Data on Web (Ora and TBL)Zip code link between Data Bases (TBL)

Ontology Independence (JAH)

Effect of Scale (TBL)

“Then, a miracle occurs”

III. What can you do with it? (not necessaril y in sequence)Self -describing documents (JAH)

Logic to encode… (TBL)Services and Advertising (Ora)Devices (Ora)

Digital Signatures, Authentication, and Trust (TBL)


Tools are critical

Tools for marking up images, figures and other non-textual data… must be built in a way that they tie into the "business processes" of the working scientist -- that is, rather than learning a whole new set of tools, the basic web tools of the scientist must include mechanisms that make it EASIER for the scientist to produce web content (appropriately markedup) while authoring papers, performing experiments, creating and logging data, and the other day to day activities of the working researcher.

Science and the Semantic Web, Hendler, 03

The same is true of the military user


Automatically-organized portals


New Info Management Paradigms


And other “cool stuff”


Tools for visualization and use

A number of tools for querying, browsing and visualizing SW data are being developed


Handle larger size/complexity

Tools are now scaling as well


PhotoSMORE: Marking up (sub)images


And the info flows…


And the info flows… correctly


Surf’s up!


Putting all this together…


Wrapping/Mapping tool

DAML Ontology(DAML-S)

XML Schema (WSDL)

Mappings for attributes

Define transformationfunctions

Manualeditingif necess.


…is starting to work

document

service

database

Are there any mountains in Europe bigger than Mt. Blanc?


“Ad hoc Programming”

Advanced information management capabilities Discovery, Filtering, Composition


Ad hoc programming + logic


Distributed trust


Conclusions

The Semantic Web is real allows us to create models of information and share these on the web

In a web-like open-system way In a way that exposes more semantics Vocabularies/ontologies first step, but they need to be easier to create and use

and modify and crawl and query

Application development has begun! A new generation of Semantic Web tools is becoming available First prototypes are becoming available for “end to end” functionality Some components, and the OWL language, are ready for prime time

The Semantic Wave Is an incoming tide…

the semantic web: [you are here] professor james hendler hendler director, semantic web and agent...

Documents

semantic web slide

speaker http

file http

development http

semantic web page

traditional web page

tim bernerslee xml

semantics xml schema