the selection process of biomass materials for co-firing and for the prouction of bio-fuels

8/6/2019 The Selection Process of Biomass Materials for Co-Firing and for the Prouction of Bio-Fuels

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The Selection Process of Biomass Materials

for Co-firing and for the Production of Bio-

fuels

Dr. Najib Altawell

25 February 2011

BiomassEnergyThe Centre for Energy, Petroleum and Mineral Law and Policy (CEPMLP)

Dundee University


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Agenda

The Problem Selecting Biomass Materials

What kind of Samples?

Possible Solutions

What kind of Methodology will be needed!

Results

Conclusion


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One Of The Oldest Form.Man First FireAs: Energy Source

It has been reported that more than 90% of thetotal biomass of the earth is made up of plants

(Botany on line: Ecosystems, 2003), which

simply means that the selection process oflocating energy sources from biomass materials

originate from plants is vast and complex

procedure


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Questions About Biomass Materials

Viability as a source of energy - For The Purpose Of

Generating Electricity?

Viability as a source of energy For The Combustion

Engines?

Viability as a source of energy For Heating/Cooling

Systems?


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How do you choose the most suitable biomass

materials for Co-firing/Bio-fuel?

What Are The Basis?


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Low cost and easy to produce

Available throughout most of the year

High energy content

Simple to processLess by-products

Climate change

Economic

Political

White Paper drivers


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High in Energy and Low in Cost!In Sweden today, power production with bio-energy systems is more costly than

with fossil energy system

(Gustavsson L., et al. 1998)

* * * *

The methodology proposed can be based on the conclusionfrom various projects/schemes worldwide!

OR

Select your own samples and test aspects related to:

Scientific

Technical

Commercial


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Scientific, Technical, Commercial

Energy Content

MoistureAsh

Combustion Index

Volatile Materials

Nitrogen Emission

Density

Government regulations

Health and environmental aspects & regulations

System

Baseline Methodology

Business ViabilityLand & Water Issues

Supply

Storage

Quality

Emission


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How Many Samples You Will Need To Test?

4, 8, 16, 100, 1,000 or 1,000,000?


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Applicability (Where it will be used?)

Power Stations

Combustion EnginesHeating/Cooling Systems


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Power Stations

Applicable to biomass-fired powergeneration

project activities displacinggrid electricity that:

1. Use 100% coal

2. Have access to biomass but not yet utilised or not yet

selected the appropriate type in relation to economic,energy, process and environment

3. Have less impact (in term of cost) on conversion for

the present power plants


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Biomass Energy Influencing Factors

a. Distance

b. Transportationc. Processing

d. Sorting

e. Storage (Temporary & Permanent)

f. By-products


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Technical & Engineering Issues

Storage period

Milling process

Boiler designs

H

igh volatility & burning period Chlorine & alkali


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1. Biomass availability

2. Methodology

3. Economic feasibility


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Biomass Samples

Corn

Wheat

Miscanthus

Rice

Barley Black Sunflower Seeds

Striped Sunflower Seeds

Niger Seeds

Rapeseed

Rapeseed Meal Switch Grass

Reed Canary Grass

Distiller Dried Corn

Straw Pellets

Apple Pruning

Mapping Biomass Materials


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An Outline

for

Solving The Problem!


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Basic Approach


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Step One (The Base) Step Two Step Three


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METHODOLOGY

Business Factors

BF

Scientific & Technical Factors

S&T


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Collecting Data

SurveyLaboratory Tests

Commercial Environment


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Data From The Commercial

Environment


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What is REA1? Why there it necessary to develop it?What is REA1?


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SAMPLES - S&T FITNESS (100% S&T)


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TOP FIVE S&T FITNESS (100% S&T)


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SAMPLES - BF FITNESS (100% BF)


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TOP FIVE BF FITNESS (100% BF)


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Final top five biomass samples using the

influence of both BFandS&T factors on equalbasis, observing market and business

conditions during April 2009

TOP FIVE (50% BF + 50% S&T)


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Final Four/Five.. Samples

Hybrid SFS

Proportional % (Second Methodology)

Proposed Commercial Fuel


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Biomass Hybrid Fuel (SFS)

The Demand for a New Biomass Fuel

Scenario


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Biomass Hybrid Fuel (SFS)

The SFS Economic Value

Scenario


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Low cost (four/five/... different crops)

Available on the local markets

SFS grades No extra cost for long distance

transportation

Storage and lifecycle


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Results & Conclusion

1. Each factor of BF and S&T within thesurvey method, the accuracy was around

97%2. The average accuracy of BF and S&T

sections is 96%

3. Methodology as a whole, the averageaccuracy is 95%

4. For S&T votes energy first, last nitrogen

emission


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5. Highest fitness for S&T is for rapeseed

(26%), lowest S&T fitness is for switch

grass (6%)

6. BF lowest is for rice and rapeseed meal(~13%), the highest is for rapeseed (~26%)

7. The methodology results showed that

Rapeseed has the highest total final fitness(53%), switch grass and rapeseed meal

received the lowest total final fitness (21%)


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Acknowledgment

2

I Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineeringat Nottingham University:

Professor C. Snape, Dr. Mick Cooper, Professor P.John, Professor B. Azzopardi, Mr. D. Clift

Department of Computer Science at NottinghamUniversity:

Professor David Elliman and Dr. ColinH

iggins.

E-ON:

Dr. Mike Colechin, Dr. Alan Thompson & Mr. Ben Goh.


8. The study has showed that the final topfour biomass samples are: Rapeseed,

Sunflower BS, Niger seed and apple treewood (apple P)

9. From the top four (or five.) biomasssamples, the research outlined anapproach for a new type ofhybrid biomassfuel


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Thank you for listening.

Questions?

the selection process of biomass materials for co-firing and for the prouction of bio-fuels

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