THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

The Segregation System

Plessy vs. Ferguson—established “separate but equal accommodations for the white and colored races”

Does this look equal?

School for white children in 1930. School for black children in 1930.

Both schools are located in Halifax County, VA.

US School Segregation in 1952

Segregation required

Segregation permitted

No specific legislation, or local option

Segregation prohibited

What led to the Civil Rights Movement? WWII

Shortage of white male laborer opened up new jobs for Latinos, women and blacks.

Nearly 1 million served in the armed forces.

During the war, organizations campaigned for voting rights and challenged Jim Crow laws.

NAACP leads the fight Charles Hamilton

Houston (1934-38)Argued the inequality

of the schools. At that time, the

nation spent 10x more $ on a white child than a black child.

Challenging segregation in court

NAACP placed law students under Marshall in 1938.

Won 29/32 cases for the next 23 years.

Milestone court cases Morgan v. Virginia

Illegal to have segregation on interstate buses.

Sweatt v PainterState law schools

must admit black applicants

Brown v Board of Education May 17, 1945

Linda Brown’s father sued for his daughter to attend the white elementary school 4 blocks from his house rather than the black one 21 blocks away.

AND THE VERDICT IS….Segregation in

schooling is over!

Reaction to School Desegregation 1955—500 schools

had desegregated Brown II—forced

desegregation of schools with all speed

Crisis in Little Rock Gov. Orval Faubus

publicly showed support for segregation in Sept. 1957.He ordered the

National Guard to turn away the “Little Rock Nine” from the high school.

The Little Rock Nine Elizabeth Eckford

attempts to make it to school.

She faced an abusive crowd and finally escaped with the help of some friendly whites who got her to a bus stop.

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Eisenhower Acts Ordered 1,000

paratroopers into Little Rock to protect the 9 students.

Faubus eventually shuts down the Central Rock High School.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott

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December 1, 1955—Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white man.

Sparked a boycott that lasted 381 days leading to desegregated buses.