The Second Great AwakeningUtopiasArtistic/Literary Movements

Complete the chart as you view this PowerPoint.

Introduction

● A lot going on in the early 19th centuryo Shift towards industrialization (market economy)o Irish & German immigrants pouring into the countryo Enlightenment and Deism

● In many ways the reform movement, Second Great Awakening, Transcendentalism, and the Artistic movements were a reaction to events/thoughts mentioned above.

Transcendentalism-What is it? Transcendentalism is a very formal word that describes a very simple idea. People, men and women equally, have knowledge about themselves and the world around them that "transcends" or goes beyond what they can see, hear, taste, touch or feel.

This knowledge comes through intuition and imagination not through logic or the senses. People can trust themselves to be their own authority on what is right. A Transcendentalist is a person who accepts these ideas not as religious beliefs but as a way of understanding life relationships.

RomanticismAlso referred to as the Romantic era or the Romantic period was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850.

Romantic poets cultivated individualism, reverence for the natural world, idealism, physical and emotional passion, and an interest in the mystic and supernatural. Romantics set themselves in opposition to the order and rationality of classical and neoclassical artistic precepts to embrace freedom and revolution in their art and politics. German romantic poets Fredrich SchillerJohann Wolfgang von Goethe-Faust

British poetsLord Byron-Don JuanJohn Keats

French poetsVictor Hugo-The Hunchback of Notre-Dame and Les Miserables

AmericansWalt Whitman-Leaves of GrassEdgar Allen Poe-The RavenNathaniel Hawthorne-The Scarlet LetterRalph Waldo Emerson-Self-RelianceThe romantic era produced many of the stereotypes of poets and poetry that exist to this day (i.e., the poet as a tortured and melancholy visionary).

Effects of Enlightenment on Religion● Thomas Paine’s Age of Reason

o Bashed religion “set up to terrify and enslave mankind, and monopolize power

and profit.”● Deism: belief that there is a God, but that organized religion was nothing

but mytho Deists believed that God gave mankind reason to decipher the world

around themo Founding Fathers who were deists or suspected to be deists include

Thomas Paine, George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin

● Unitarianismo Did not believe in the Christian interpretation of God (Jesus was not

divine)

Second Great Awakening● A reaction to the deism and Unitarianism● Second Great Awakening led to a religious revival

o Women were strong supporters of this movement and it inspired them to promote change in America Temperance, Suffrage, & Abolition

o Camp Meetings Charles Finney Peter Cartwright

Short Answer Response-answer on your handout

● How did Deism, the Second Great Awakening, continued denomination fragmentation, and Mormons shape American life?

Utopias- The Oneida Community● Read the Makers of America: The Oneida

Community http://www.nyhistory.com/central/oneida.htm

● and answer the following prompt in short answer formato What were the fundamental human and

social problems that Noyes’s radical ideas attempted to address? Why was he able to put them into practice in Antebellum America?

Artistic Achievements

● Read part 1 of the following article.

John Trumbull- The Declaration of Independence

John Trumbull- The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill

Thomas Cole- The Oxbow

Albert Bierstadt- Yosemite Valley

Albert Bierstadt- Lake Tahoe

Charles Willson Peale-

George Washington and

the Battle Princeton

Emanuel Leutze- Washington the Crossing the Delaware

Sunny Morning on Hudson River-Thomas Cole (1827)

American Progress (1872)-John Gast

List pros and cons regarding Public Education in AmericaUse your textbook and your reformers chart

● Who supported public education and who didn’t?

● Important Info on Public Education

Short Answer Response: Public Education● What educational developments occurred in

the 1st half of the 19th century?

American Literature

● National Literatureo Washington Irving

“Rip Van Winkle” “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”

o Herman Melville Moby Dick

o Nathaniel Hawthorne Scarlet Letter

o James Fenimore Cooper The Last of the Mohicans

Transcendentalism● A reaction to Enlightenment & Unitarianism

o Famous Transcendentalists Ralph W. Emerson was trained as a Unitarian

minister● Encouraged Americans to create a

unique and American culture Henry David Thoreau

● Condemned gov’t support of slavery● Walden: Or Life in the Woods

o Lived the simple life for two years● Nonviolent approach inspired MLK &

Gandhi Walt Whitman

Transcendentalism

1. “Undoubtedly we have no questions to ask which are unanswerable. We must trust the perfection of creation so to believe that whatever curiosity the order of things has awakened in our mind, the order of things can satisfy.” (Emerson)

2. “All are needed by each one; Nothing is fair or good alone.” (Emerson)

3. “Time is but the stream I go a-fishing in. I drink at it; but while I drink I see the sandy bottom and detect how shallow it is.” (Thoreau)

4. “If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away.” (Thoreau)

5. “There is a time in every man’s education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide.” (Emerson)