the search for living jewels: scarabs bays... · dana l. price salisbury university june 25, 2014...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dana L. Price Salisbury University
June 25, 2014
The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs
![Page 2: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Taxonomic Guide to the
Scarabaeoidea of MD
![Page 3: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Objectives
• Bioinventory of all 23 counties (7-10
years)
• Historical data (museums and literature)
• Taxonomic keys
• Original Illustrations
• Natural History data
• Countywide distribution maps for all
species
• Reference collection on Eastern Shore
![Page 4: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Literature review, 3 private collections,
and a few museums.
• 7 families in MD, 266 species and
subspecies
• Counties, months, habitat
Staines, C.L. 1984. An annotated checklist of the Scarabaeoidea
(Coeloptera) of Maryland. Maryland Entomologist 2: 79-89.
![Page 5: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Economically and Ecologically
Important
• 1,500 in North America
• Pests of lawns, gardens, ornamentals
• Fungivores, Herbivores, Necrophages,
Coprophages, Saprophages, Carnivores
![Page 6: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Economic Importance
Reduce densities of
dung breeding flies
and nematodes
![Page 7: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ecological Importance
Fouled pasture (and parasites)
Surface runoff
Organic pollution and water–borne diseases
Soil fertility and organic matter
Soil turnover
Soil aeration and water infiltration
Earthworm activity
![Page 8: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Indicator taxa
• Environmental Indicators - model
organisms for understanding the nature
of tropical rainforest diversity.
• Provide information about the quality of
the environment
![Page 9: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Special Ecological Niches
Termitophily
Myrmecophily: Pheidole, Acromyrmex, Atta
Vertebrate nests: gopher tortoise, pocket
gopher, woodchuck, prairie dog, rodents,
buzzard, rabbit, porcupine, stork
Ectocommensals of mammals: monkeys,
sloths, kangaroos, wallabies
![Page 14: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
“Sit and Wait” Strategy
Jacobs, J., I. Nole, S. Palminteri and B. Ratcliffe. 2008. First Come, First Serve: “Sit
and Wait” Behavior in Dung Beetles at the Source of Primate Dung. Neotropical
Entomology 37: 641-645.
![Page 15: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Illustrated Keys to
Scarabaeinae of Maryland
Simone Nemes
Nemes, S.N. and D.L. Price. In Review. Illustrated Keys to the
Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera) of Maryland. Submitted to
Northeastern Naturalist.
![Page 16: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Dung beetles of organic and
conventional beef and dairy
cattle farms across MD
![Page 17: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Change in species diversity of dung beetles
across seven forests of eastern MD
• 2011
• June to August
• 7 counties including
Worcester (Showell
Property)
• Dung beetle diversity
and richness
• Natural history
![Page 18: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Continuing project
(2014)
• May to September
• Follow up this
summer for
seasonality and
“mixed bait”
Patrick Simons
Stephen Kelly
![Page 19: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Species
Jane's
Island Showell Henson Seth Martinak Tuckahoe Sassafras
Total
Ateuchus histeroides 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 4
Blackburneus aegrotus 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5
Blackburneus rubeolus 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3
Canthon chalcites 16 153 66 0 2 0 0 237
Canthon viridis 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 42
Copris minutis 39 63 2 35 34 5 12 190
Geotrupes blackburnii 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 5
Geotrupes egeriei 0 2 117 1 293 5 0 418
Geotrupes splendidulus 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 7
Omorgus manachus 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 5
Onthophagus concinnus 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 6
O. hecate 288 136 43 55 6 22 324 874
O. orpheus 0 0 0 0 0 5 46 51
O. pennsylvanicus 78 67 0 10 30 8 5 198
O. striatulus 34 0 2 31 2 0 1 70
O. taurus 7 27 2 16 6 3 4 65
O. tuberculifrons 2 2 1 0 6 3 0 14
Oscarinus rusicola 10 18 5 177 5 6 3 224
Phanaeus vindex 4 46 6 3 9 0 0 68
Total 478 517 248 335 402 102 404 2486
2011
![Page 20: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
2011
Species
Jane's
Island Showell Henson Seth Martinak Tuckahoe Sassafras
Total
Ateuchus histeroides 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 4
Blackburneus aegrotus 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5
Blackburneus rubeolus 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3
Canthon chalcites 16 153 66 0 2 0 0 237
Canthon viridis 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 42
Copris minutis 39 63 2 35 34 5 12 190
Geotrupes blackburnii 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 5
Geotrupes egeriei 0 2 117 1 293 5 0 418
Geotrupes splendidulus 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 7
Omorgus manachus 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 5
Onthophagus concinnus 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 6
O. hecate 288 136 43 55 6 22 324 874
O. orpheus 0 0 0 0 0 5 46 51
O. pennsylvanicus 78 67 0 10 30 8 5 198
O. striatulus 34 0 2 31 2 0 1 70
O. taurus 7 27 2 16 6 3 4 65
O. tuberculifrons 2 2 1 0 6 3 0 14
Oscarinus rusicola 10 18 5 177 5 6 3 224
Phanaeus vindex 4 46 6 3 9 0 0 68
Total 478 517 248 335 402 102 404 2486
![Page 21: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Species
Jane's
Island Showell Henson Seth Martinak Tuckahoe Sassafras
Total
Ateuchus histeroides 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 4
Blackburneus aegrotus 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5
Blackburneus rubeolus 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3
Canthon chalcites 16 153 66 0 2 0 0 237
Canthon viridis 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 42
Copris minutis 39 63 2 35 34 5 12 190
Geotrupes blackburnii 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 5
Geotrupes egeriei 0 2 117 1 293 5 0 418
Geotrupes splendidulus 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 7
Omorgus manachus 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 5
Onthophagus concinnus 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 6
O. hecate 288 136 43 55 6 22 324 874
O. orpheus 0 0 0 0 0 5 46 51
O. pennsylvanicus 78 67 0 10 30 8 5 198
O. striatulus 34 0 2 31 2 0 1 70
O. taurus 7 27 2 16 6 3 4 65
O. tuberculifrons 2 2 1 0 6 3 0 14
Oscarinus rusicola 10 18 5 177 5 6 3 224
Phanaeus vindex 4 46 6 3 9 0 0 68
Total 478 517 248 335 402 102 404 2486
2011
![Page 22: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Species Diversity and Succession of
Dung Beetles to Horse Dung on
Assateague Island
Photographer Paul A. Souders/CORBIS
![Page 23: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
American Beach Grass
(Ammophila
breviligulata)
Loblolly Pine
(Pinus taeda)
Saltmarsh
Cordgrass
(Spartina
alterniflora)
![Page 24: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Collections • May and Sept/Oct (2011) and April,
June and August (2012)
• 160 m transect
• 5 pitfalls baited with human dung
• Week long samples without
replacement of dung
• 20 weeks total (20 samples)
![Page 25: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Species Richness
Marsh Dune Forest
Species Richness 11 13 8
Estimated Species
Richness
Chao1 11.5 15 8
ACE 12 23.3 8
ICE 16.5 17.94 8.46
Species Diversity
Simpson 1/D 2.65 2.07 2.65
Shannon (eH) 3.1 2.6 3.18
![Page 26: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Diversity Totals
Species Marsh Dune Forest Total
Ataenius imbricatus (Melsheimer) 1 0 0 1
Blackburneus aegrotus (Horn) 3 9 0 12
Copris minutis (Drury) 135 238 666 1039
Dichotomius carolinus (Martinez) 0 1 0 1
Flaviellus phalerioides (Horn) 4 2 0 6
Geotrupes blackburnii (Fabricius) 0 1 10 11
Geotrupes egeriei Germar 19 14 134 167
Labarrus pseudolividus (Balthasar) 3 63 0 66
Onthophagus hecate Panzer 1503 1430 2610 5543
Onthophagus pennsylvanicus Harold 358 77 85 520
Onthophagus taurus (Schreber) 2 2 3 7
Onthophagus tuberculifrons Harold 1540 3098 1610 6248
Oscarinus silvanicus (Melsheimer) 1 0 2 3
Phanaeus vindex MacLeay 0 1 0 1
Rhyssemus scaber Haldeman 0 1 0 1
Total Abundance 3569 4937 5120 13626
![Page 27: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
DiversityTotals
Species Marsh Dune Forest Total
Ataenius imbricatus (Melsheimer) 1 0 0 1
Blackburneus aegrotus (Horn) 3 9 0 12
Copris minutis (Drury) 135 238 666 1039
Dichotomius carolinus (Martinez) 0 1 0 1
Flaviellus phalerioides (Horn) 4 2 0 6
Geotrupes blackburnii (Fabricius) 0 1 10 11
Geotrupes egeriei Germar 19 14 134 167
Labarrus pseudolividus (Balthasar) 3 63 0 66
Onthophagus hecate Panzer 1503 1430 2610 5543
Onthophagus pennsylvanicus Harold 358 77 85 520
Onthophagus taurus (Schreber) 2 2 3 7
Onthophagus tuberculifrons Harold 1540 3098 1610 6248
Oscarinus silvanicus (Melsheimer) 1 0 2 3
Phanaeus vindex MacLeay 0 1 0 1
Rhyssemus scaber Haldeman 0 1 0 1
Total Abundance 3569 4937 5120 13626
![Page 28: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Species Accumulation Curve
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Nu
mb
er
of
Sp
ecie
s
Individuals
Marsh
Dune
Forest
![Page 29: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Succession Study
Island Mainland
5 pitfall traps in each habitat
(N = 15)
5 pitfall traps on 2 horse farms
(N = 10)
Bait: Island horse dung Bait: Farm horse dung
Collected beetles on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21
(Sabu et al. 2006)
Bait was not replaced
July and September 2011, May, June and August 2012
(5 trials of 21 days)
![Page 30: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Succession Study
Island Mainland
5 pitfall traps in each habitat
(N = 15)
5 pitfall traps on 2 horse farms
(N = 10)
Bait: Island horse dung Bait: Farm horse dung
Collected beetles on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21
(Sabu et al. 2006)
Bait was not replaced
July and September 2011, May, June and August 2012
(5 trials of 21 days)
![Page 31: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Succession Study
Island Mainland
5 pitfall traps in each habitat
(N = 15)
5 pitfall traps on 2 horse farms
(N = 10)
Bait: Island horse dung Bait: Farm horse dung
Collected beetles on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21
(Sabu et al. 2006)
Bait was not replaced
July and September 2011, May, June and August 2012
(5 trials of 21 days)
Sabu, T., Vinod, K. and Vineesh, P. 2006. Guild structure, diversity and succession
of dung beetles associated with Indian elephant dung in south western Ghats
forests. Journal of Insect Science 6: 1-12.
![Page 32: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Succession Results Assateague Island (n = 15) Mainland Farms (n = 10)
Day Day
Species 1 3 5 7 14 21 Total 1 3 5 7 14 21 Total
Ataenius spretulus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2
Blackburneus aegrotus 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 4
B. rubeolus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 6
Copris minutis 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 5 0 0 0 0 11
Canthon chalcites 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2
Geotrupes blackburnii 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3
G. egeriei 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 2
Labarrus pseudolividus 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 186 50 0 0 0 0 236
Onthophagus hecate 22 0 0 0 0 0 22 22 14 4 0 0 0 40
O. pennsylvanicus 4 3 0 0 0 0 7 352 39 5 1 0 0 397
O. taurus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 1 0 0 0 0 13
O. tuberculifrons 23 11 1 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oscarinus silvanicus 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 1 2 3 0 0 6
Phanaeus vindex 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 1 0 0 0 0 26
Total 65 14 1 0 0 0 80 617 115 15 1 0 0 748
Two-way ANOVA by Location and Month (P-value = 0.001)
![Page 33: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Future Directions
• Are dung beetles capable of breeding in
the Assateague horse dung?
• Dung consistency: Salt content, nutritional
value
• What are the dung beetles on the island
feeding on?
![Page 34: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Scarabs of Eastern Maryland
• Black lighting
• Pheromone traps
• Baited pitfall traps
• Hand collection
• Sweeping
• Rotten logs
Ryan Johnston
![Page 35: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Scarabs of Eastern Maryland
• All eastern shore
counties
• Museum reference
collection
• Began working on
eScarab website
(eol.org)
Jenny Shaughney
![Page 36: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Quick Guide to the
Scarabaeoidea of MD
Mallory Hagadorn
![Page 38: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Current Collections
![Page 39: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Scarabs of Maryland
Betsy Bangert Mike Burchett
![Page 40: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
MD Scarabs Facebook
![Page 41: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Acknowledgements
• Guerrieri Summer Research
Fellowships
• Bill Hulsander and Mike Riley
(Assateague)
• Holly Ridge Equestrian Center
and Autumn Groves Stables
• Many Research Students
• MD State Park Managers
• Coastal Bays Crew
![Page 42: The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs Bays... · Dana L. Price Salisbury University June 25, 2014 The Search for Living Jewels: Scarabs](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5ab5bc867f8b9adc638d5bfc/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Bait Switch Results
Island Horse Bait on Mainland Mainland Horse Bait on Island
Day Day
Species 1 3 5 7 14 21 Total 1 3 5 7 14 21 Total
Ataenius imbricratus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2
Copris minutis 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 4
Blackburneus aegrotus 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 2 0 0 0 0 8
Labarrus pseudolividus 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 2
Onthophagus hecate 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 29 1 0 0 0 0 30
O. pennsylvanicus 50 27 0 0 0 0 77 1 1 0 0 0 0 2
O. taurus 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O. tuberculifrons 3 1 0 0 0 0 4 33 19 0 0 0 0 52
Oscarina rusicola 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 16 0 0 0 0 0 16
Total 62 29 0 0 0 0 89 92 24 0 0 0 0 118
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means (P-value = 0.449)