the scientific revolution what changed? – before and after? middle ages science (pre 1500) –...
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The Scientific RevolutionWhat changed? – Before and after?
• Middle Ages Science (Pre 1500) – Accept answers from Bible, Greeks, Romans
• Renaissance – New emphasis on learning / studying / rise of literacy rates– More study of Classical texts -- Scholars
realize that Classical texts don’t always agree with each other
• Reformation – Questioning of church policies leads to freedom to question other things– Before – Don’t publish for fear of persecution – After – Publish, trust that you will be
protected– But Not Always
• After – Start to believe in Scientific Method – Use of experiments – repeated results– Use of “discourse” – proof through logic
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Is the Scientific Revolution really a Revolution?
• Revolution = – “a forcible overthrow of a government or
social order in favor of a new system”– “a dramatic and wide reaching change in
the way something works or is organized or in people’s ideas about it”
• Pre Sci Rev – Accept answers from Bible, Greeks,
Romans, – Accept “intuitive” “common sense” – Accept that some things will never be
known
• Post Sci Rev– Only accept answers that can be proven
through a process of experimentation and repeated results
– Belief that just because the answer is not known, that does not believe it will never be known.
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Why were Scientists reluctant to publish their findings and how did that change?
• New scientific findings sometimes challenged church teachings.
• Church was very powerful.
• Renaissance / Reformation opened the door to SOME challenges to church teachings.
• By mid 1600s governments start to support work of scientists, encourage publication.
• But risk of punishment still exists– Ask Galileo
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What are the big causes of Scientific Revolution? Rediscovery
of Classical Learning during
Crusades
Study of classical texts /
applications of Classical learning
during Renaissance
Questioning / Challenges to
Church in Reformation Increased literacy
rates / Increased ability to spread
ideas due to Printing Press
Demonstrated practical benefits of
Scientific Improvements in
Age of Exploration
Scientific Revolution
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How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment?
• Natural Laws of universe = big part of Scientific Revolution
• Natural Laws of man = big part of Enlightenment• Enlightenment = Application of Scientific Method to
Social Issues
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Heliocentric Theory
• Old View – Sun goes around the earth (Geocentric)
• New View – Earth goes around the sun (Heliocentric)
• Copernicus – Early heliocentric theorist, shut down by church – Doesn’t publish until he is about to
die • Kepler – proves heliocentric theory
through logic / observations (Laws of Planetary Motion)
• Galileo – Definitive proof of Heliocentric theory using Telescope – Forced by Church to recant
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Isaac Newton
• Accepts that planets go around sun – wants to prove WHY
• Proposes law of Universal Gravitation
• 3 Laws of Motion– Object in Motion stays in motion– Object at rest stays at rest– Every action has an equal and
opposite reaction
• Universe is like a giant clock…. • “if I have seen farther it is by
standing on the shoulders of giants”
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Other important people • Vesalius – furthers Da
Vinci’s study of anatomy – how body components work together
• Harvey – Describes role of heart, and circulation of blood
• Leeuwenhoek – Used microscope to study bacteria
• Boyle – How does pressure impact gases etc.
• Descartes “I think therefore I am”– No assumptions should be
accepted without question
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