the scientific revolution revisited, 2012.pdf

8/10/2019 The Scientific Revolution Revisited, 2012.PDF

1/92

M A X - P L A N C K - I N S T I T U T F R W I S S E N S C H A F T S G E S C H I C H T E

Max Planck Insti tute for the History of Science

2012

PREPRINT 432

Mikul Teich

The Scientif ic Revolution Revisi ted


2/92


3/92

" #$ %&'$("')'& * $+,-."',( * $+'%'"$/

0123456 "7189


4/92


5/92

": ;97


6/92


7/92

&,("$("%

P=7?B87 SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

@3;9:=TA P=7?B87SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

(:;7 :R ;7= BRO B82R:W47OV7


8/92


9/92

!

#$%&'(%

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


10/92

]

M+ -3+ 9:-; /2 A+ -A:+ /2 ?3+.+*/ /01. /+E/ /2 /0+ 3+-;+3 -. - ?3+?31*/ 25 /0+ B-E#:-*,@ Y*./1/8/+ 523 /0+ R1./234 25 H,1+*,+ 1* T+3:1*I +1,0


11/92

U

#$%&'(%

Y* !OXOI -5/+3 /-@1*9 8? - [1.1/1*9 H,02:-3.01? -/ g1*9h. (2::+9+I (-6A31;9+I Y 0+ .8AQ+,/F6-//+3 Y ,02.+ 03++ $+72:8/12*.G/0+ H,1+*/151,I Y*;8./31-: -*; H,1+*/151,F>+,0*1,-:h= M0+* 1/


12/92

W

Yk>$)Va(>Y)k

Y>01. A22@ 1. -A28/ 1*/+3?3+/1*9 /0+ H,1+*/151, $+72:8/12* -. - ;1./1*,/17+ 627+6+*/

;13+,/+; /201. 1. 62./ 16?23/-*/ *2/ 2*:4 523/0+ 8*;+3./-*;1*9 25 +72:8/12* 25 @*2


13/92

\

3190/+28.*+..I A4 ?3261.1*9 /0+ :-//+3 1* /+36. 25I -*; -. 5381/ 25I /0+5236+3=W

Y/ 1. *2/+


14/92

X

/0+ ?21*/ 5326


15/92

b

2A.+37-/12* -*; +E?+31+*,+I ?3-,/1.+; 5326 ;-


16/92

P

!= &$)B #$% F(c'HHY('c >) (c'HHY('c #a$HaY>H

>R% >R%B%

Y* /0+ 6-1*I 01./231-*. -*; ?01:2.2?0+3. 25 .,1+*,+ 0-7+ ,26+ /2 ;155+3+*/1-/+ A+/0+ 513./ /+36 9+*+3-::4 3+5+3. /2 /0+93+-/ 627+6+*/ 25 /02890/ -*; -,/12* -..2,1-/+; V^@A >U@@ eT-.1*9./2@+I ]^^!fZ #= N= T2


17/92

O

H1*,+ (2?+3*1,8.h. .+61*-:=/ 4/K"#3%$"*$637 "46$3+ &"/#/7%$3+


18/92

!^

A8/ -:.2 /0-/ 25 .,1+*/151, ,2668*1/4 -*; *236-: .,1+*,+ -??+-3+; /2 A+ 7-98+= >-@+g80*h. *2/12* 25 *236-: .,1+*,+ -..2,1-/1*9 1/


19/92

!!

%B#Y$Y('c gk)Mc%VS%

$+:+7-*/ /2 /0+ 01./231,-: 8*;+3./-*;1*9 25 /0+ H,1+*/151, $+72:8/12* 1. /2 ;1./1*981.0A+/


20/92

!]

#%$(%#>Y)k )& >YB% 'kV H#'(%G%'$cK YB#acH%H

h>16+ 1. -


21/92

!U

-931,8:/83+ ;831*9 k+2:1/01, /16+. F ;+.+37+. /2 A+ ,-::+;%./ '931,8:/83-: $+72:8/12*=U

$Y[%$ ['cc%K (Y[YcYs'>Y)kH 'kV gk)Mc%VS% )& >R% k'>a$'c M)$cV

>0+ k+2:1/01, -931,8:/83-: -*; ,3-5/ -,/171/1+.I 1* ,2*/-,/


22/92

!W

3+72:71*9 ,2*./+::-/12*. -*; h51E+;h J2;1-,-: .19*. ,-3341*9 /0+ .-6+ *-6+.=U] $+9-3;1*9 /0+ T-A4:2*1-* 2A.+37-/12*.


23/92

!\

.61/0


24/92

!X

-./32*261,-: ?3-,/1,+ +6?:24+; -31/06+/1,-: ?32,+;83+.


25/92

!b

M0-/ ,2*,+3*. 8. 0+3+ 1. /0+ 3+:+7-*,+ 25 S3++@ .:-7+F2S$%%(%

>3-;1/12* 0-. 1/ /0-/ 1/ 0+ m8+./12* 3+9-3;1*9 /0+ ,2**+,/12* A+/0+4 1*,:8;+ *2/12*. ;3-


26/92

!P

3+,29*1J+; 1* /0+.+ ?32,+;83+. -//31A8/+. 25 .,1+*/151, 6+/02;2:294 o 1* +55+,/ 1/. 01./234A+91*. 0+ ?32?+*.1/4 523 3+.23/1*9 /2 7-:8+F:-;+* 2??2.1/+. 25 1*5+31231/4 -*; .8?+31231/4 1*.,1+*/151, 1*m8134I -9-1*./ /0+ A-,@9328*; 25 /0+ S3++@ .4./+6 25 .:-7+34I 1. 0190:190/+; A4c:24; -. 52::20+ S3++@. ;1; *2/ ;+?:24 2??2.1/+. /2 :+91/16-/+ - .1*9:+ ?-3/1,8:-3 /4?+ 25?2:1/1,-: 3+916+= T8/ 27+3 -*; 27+3 -9-1* /0+13 8.+. 25 2??2.1/+. 613323 -*+..+*/1-: 5+-/83+ 25 /0+ .2,1-: ./38,/83+. 25 S3++@ .2,1+/4I *-6+:4 /0+58*;-6+*/-: ;171.12* A+/


27/92

!O

?3+?-3+; -*; 62./ .4./+6-/1, +E?+316+*/. ,-331+; 28/ 1* S3++@ -*/1m81/4I /0+m8-*/1/-/17+ 1*7+./19-/12*. 25 /0+ -628*/ 3+53-,/12* A+/


28/92

]^

]= %v#%$YB%k>'>Y)k 'kV ua'k>Y&Y('>Y)k

B%VY%['cM)$cV

H1*,+ /0+ +*; 25 /0+ !Ob^. .2,12:291./. 25 .,1+*,+ -*; .2,12:291,-::4 231+*/-/+;01./231-*. 25 .,1+*,+ A+9-* /2 ?-4 -//+*/12* /2 +E?+316+*/-/12*= %7+* 15 /0+13 ,:-16 /0-/+E?+316+*/-/12* 0-. A++* *+9:+,/+; 1. 27+3./-/+;I 1/ 1. /38+ /0-/ 01./231,-: :1/+3-/83+ 1.*+1/0+3 31,0 1* 0+ .,02:-3 -*; /0+ ,3-5/.6-* 1* /0+ .,1+*/151, 3+72:8/12*h eR-:: 8.+. /0+:2


29/92

]!

%7+* .2 (326A1+h. -??32-,0I -/ /0-/ /16+I /2 6+;1+7-: /0+23+/1,-: -*; ?3-,/1,-:+*9-9+6+*/


30/92

]]

/0+23+/1,-: ;+6-*;. 25 *-/83-: ?01:2.2?04 A8/ /2 /0+ ?3-,/1,-: ;+6-*;. 25/0+ /+,0*1,-: -3/.= ',-;+61, *-/83-: ?01:2.2?04 ?8/ - ?3+6186 2* :291,-:?3+,1.12* -*; 1*/+3*-: ,20+3+*,+Z ?3-,/1,-: :15+ 3+m813+; +E-,/ -*; 3+?+-/-A:+6+-.83+. 25 /0+ +E/+3*-: +,0*1,-: -A1:1/4 /2.?+,154 /0+ ,2*;1/12*. 523 ?32;8,1*9 - ;+.13+; 3+.8:/


31/92

]U

Y/. ;+.19* 6-4 0-7+ 3+.8:/+; 5326 /0+ .?+,8:-/12*. 25 .26+ 61::Y)k )& H#'(%G()B#'HH 'kV ('$>)S$'#RK

Y* .26+


32/92

]W

:29 -*; ,26?-..I /0+4


33/92

]\

!4"6#/+7 "- ]/&.'*$&7 0+4 -3+-;;3+..+; /2 %3-./2/0+*+.I 3+*2= c= R+-/0I0./ ;"4a7 "- P4&.$+/


34/92

]X

1*m8134 -A28/ /0+ ?31*,1?:+. 25 1*./386+*/. A4 6+-*. 25 0+ ?83?2.+ 25 -..-41*9


35/92

]b

,26?2.1/12* 25 ;155+3+*/ 6-/+31-:. 523


36/92

]P

+E?+31+*,+G>0+ 513./ +E?+31+*,+ ,2*,+3*. /0+ /2? e%4"&37f -*; /0+ .61/0h. 61:: e1= +=


37/92

]O

,26?-3+; S2; /2 - ,+:+./1-: ,:2,@6-@+3 -::2


38/92

U^

-AA3+71-/+; /1/:+=/ +"*/%' =PU >0+ m8+./12* .899+./. 1/.+:5


39/92

U!

T+ /0-/ -. 1/ 6-4I Y)k

>0+ 01./231, 1..8+ 1. /0+ 32:+ 25 /0+ 5236 25 ,-?1/-:I /+36+; 6+3,0-*/ ,-?1/-:I 1* /0+ 513./?0-.+ 25 /0+ /3-*.1/12* 5326 5+8;-:1.6 /2 ,-?1/-:1.6= >0+.+ -3+ B-3E1./ ,2*,+?/12*.-;7-*,+; 523 /0+ 8*;+3./-*;1*9 25 /0+ ?3+F1*;8./31-: ?0-.+ 25 ,-?1/-:1.6 1* %832?+= >0-/ 1.I/0+ ?0-.+ 1* +1,027-I S= g839-*F7-* R+*/+*34@ -*;V= s1+9:+3 e+;.=fI9'*a$*8: 04'


40/92

U]

1.


41/92

UU

;+7+:2?+; 523 :-A23-/234 8.+ e/0+ +:+,/31,-: 6-,01*+


42/92

UW

M0-/ :-4 A+01*; R-9+,18.h. 1*/+3+./ 1* A++3q >0+3+


43/92

U\

%*9:1.0h=Ob H0-?1*h. -*; H,0-55+3h. +E+9+.1. 25 R2AA+.h. 3+Q+,/12* 25 7-,81.6 2* ?2:1/1,-: 9328*;.

1. A2:;Gp /0+ -3986+*/ -9-1*./ 7-,886


44/92

UX

R2


45/92

Ub

U= YkH>Y>a>Y)k'cYs'>Y)k )& H(Y%k(%

%kSc'kV

>0+ 528*;1*9 25 /0+ $24-: H2,1+/4 0-. A++* :1*@+; /2 T-,2*h. /01*@1*9 2* 239-*1J+; .,1+*,+e-A28/ 0+ $24-: H2,1+/4 1. /0+ ?3+61+3 .,1+*/151, A2;4 1* T31/-1*I -*; .26+ 0+ ;1./1*,/12* 25 - ,2*/1*828. .,1+*/151, .2,1+/4 A+:2*9. /2 /0+ V+8/.,0+ '@-;+61+ ;+3k-/83523.,0+3 c+2?2:;1*-= Y/. 528*;1*9 ?3+,+;+; /0+ 1*,23?23-/12* 25 /0+ $24-: H2,1+/4 25c2*;2* A4 /+* 4+-3. e!X\]f=!^U

>0+ $24-: H2,1+/4h. ?32E16-/+ A+91**1*9. 92 A-,@ /2 !XX^


46/92

UP

#01:2.2?01,-: S328? -/ M-;0-6 (2::+9+ 0+ B+3,0-*/. 2* /0+ %E,0-*9+ ;2+ ?:2//>2 +*,3+-.+ /0+ g1*9;26h. 01. *2A:+ :+-3*+; ,23?23-/12*Ik2/ 523 /0+6.+:7+. -3+ /08. ,26A1*h;IT8/ 523 /0+ ?8A:1,@ 922; 2h /0h *-/12*I'*; 9+*+3-: A+*+51/ 25 6-*@1*;=>0+.+ -3+ *2/ 6+* 25 ,2662* 628:;Z>0+4 ,27+/ 5-6+I A8/ ,2*;+6* 92:;=

>01. (2::+9+


47/92

UO

T+ /0+ 0+.+ *+< (2::+91-/+. ;2 -..83+ 8.I

'31./2/:+h. -* -.. /2 %?1,838.=!^b

N20* M-::1. R%$)K'c H)(Y%>K!^O

Y* ,2*5136-/12*


48/92

W^

H+?/+6A+3 !XW!I 1/ -??+-3. /0-/ 0+


49/92

W!

25 0+ R1./234 )5 /0+ (2662* #3-,/1,+. 25 V41*9h= T4 H13 M1::1-6 #+//4I ?= ]PW=&23 -* -,,28*/ 25 /0+ +-3:4 $24-: H2,1+/4h. 1*/+3+./ 1* .+,83+ *-/83-: 01./234I 1*,:8;1*9 086-*.2,1+/4 27+3.+-.I .++ N= S-.,219*+I h>0+ $24-: H2,1+/4I *-/83-: 01./234 -*; /0+ ?+2?:+. 25 /0+ hk+%(RkY('c #$)S$%HH

k++;0-6h. -,,+*/ 2* /0+ ;17+39+*,+I 3+9-3;1*9 /0+ ;+7+:2?6+*/ 25 /0+ H,1+*/151,$+72:8/12* 1* %832?+ -*; (01*-I ,2**+,/.


72/92

XW

;+7+:2?6+*/ 25 62;+3* .,1+*,+ 2,,833+; 1* %832?+ -*; *2


73/92

X\

1*,26?-/1A:+ 01. /0+* 3+1*523,+; /0+ 1662A1:1/4 25/0+ -93-31-* .2,1+/4I 01*;+3+; 1/. .2,1-: ./3-/151,-/12*I -*; 3+/-3;+; /0+ ./168:1 /2 /0+,266+3,1-:1J-/12* 25 -931,8:/83+ -*; ;+7+:2?6+*/ 25 ?32;8,/17+ 523,+. ;+.?1/+ /0++E1./+*,+ 25 - /3+6+*;28. 3+.+37213 25 /+,0*1,-: .@1::=


74/92

XX

X= M%H> 'kV%'H> %a$)#%'k ()k>%v>H

V%BYH% )& >R% &%aV'c HKH>%B Yk%a$)#% G>%(RkY('c V%[%c)#B%k> 'kV Yk>%$k'>Y)k'c >$'V%

#31*/1*9I 98*?2


75/92

Xb

,2*/1*828. +E-61*-/12*I -..19*1*9 3190/58::4 - ?:-,+ 25 ?31;+ /2 '3-A1,FY.:-61, 6+;1-/12*=Y* /01. ,2*/+E/ R-::h. ?+312;1J-/12* 25 /0+ A+91**1*9 25 62;+3* %832?+-* 01./234 1.

*2/+


76/92

XP

/0+ .+,3+/. 25 *-/83+=!OW >0+.+ ?+3.2*. ;2 *2/ +E0-8./ /0+ ,13,:+ 25 ?3261*+*/ ?83.8+3. 25 6-91,I 64./1,1.6I

-:,0+64 -*; @*2


77/92

XO

.83?-..+;= !Ob $8;2:5 YY Y)k'cYs%V H(Y%k(%q

>0+ ?83.81/. 25 *-/83-: @*2


78/92

b^

9+26+/34I 01./234 -*; 2/0+3 /2?1,.= hR+ ;1; 1/ 1* ?-3/hI


79/92

b!

S+36-*4I V+.,-3/+. 5-628.:4 +E?+31+*,+; - 626+*/ 25 3+7+:-/12*= ',,23;1*9 /2 /0+3+61*1.,+*/ *-33-/17+ V+.,-3/+. .?+*/ h/0+


80/92

b]

'6./+3;-6h. 51*-*,1-: ;261*-*,+


81/92

bU

- *2A:+FA8390+3 1*/+3F,:-.. -::1-*,+I


82/92

bW

01./231-*. 25 .,1+*,+ +*9-9+; 1*


83/92

b\

-;61*1./3-/17+ 6+/32:294=]!W %7+3 .1*,+ /0+ ?8A:1,-/12* 25 R+..+*h. ?-?+3 1/ 0-. A++* ,31/1,1J+;I A4 *2*FB-3E1./ -*;

- *86A+3 25 B-3E1./ 01./231-*.I 523 1/. .2,12F+,2*261, h;+/+361*1.6hI h3+;8,/12*1.6h -*;.8,0F:1@+= >01. ?21*/. /2 -* -??3+,1-A:+ 61.3+-;1*9 25 0+ !4$*&$L$'I 1* /01. .+*.+ K YkT%(R%$hH >R)aSR>

T24:+I c2,@+ -*; k+


84/92

bX


85/92

bb

,13,81/ 25 6+3,0-*/ ,-?1/-:= Y/ 1. ,2*/-1*+; 1* 01. -??3-1.-: 25 6+3,0-*/F6-*85-,/83+3. -./0+ 6-1*./-4 25 /0+ ,2668*1/4G

k2< 51*-::4 3+9-3;1*9 /0+ ?21*/ -A28/&"*73+L%$"*I Y


86/92

bP

b= %#Yc)Sa%

T+,0+3


87/92

bO

-,,8.-/12*. 25 -/0+1.6= ]]\ >0+ A83*1*9 25 .8.?+,/+; 23 3+-: 0+3+/1,. =&3{*9.643 e+;=fIS$**'/37 0./ ]'* '*< .$7 ;"4a eT+3@+:+4I c2. '*9+:+. -*; c2*;2*I !OPUf= g=R= R-9A+39I2'4# S$**'/37 ec2*;2*I !O\]f ./1:: ?3271;+. 8.+58: 1*5236-/12* 2* /0+ 3+:19128. -.


88/92

P^

xa"*"+$/ g5"./*%134- 1* !OUOFW! 523 /0+ 513./ /16+= '. 1. @*2


89/92

P!


90/92


91/92


92/92

412 Renate Wahsner & Horst-Heino v. Borzeszkowski Erkenntnis statt Erbauung: Hegel und dasnaturwissenschaftliche Denken der Moderne

413 Mirjam Brusius From photographic science to scientific photography: Photographicexperiments at the British Museum around 1850

414 Vi kt or J. Fr en ke l Professor Friedrich Houtermans Arbeit, Leben, Schicksal. Biographieeines Physikers des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts. Herausgegeben und ergnzt von DieterHoffmann, unter Mitwirkung von Mary Beer

41 5 Ilana Lwy (ed.) Microscope Slides Reassessing a Neglected Historical Ressource

416 Andr L. Blum, John Michael Krois und Hans-Jrg Rheinberger (Hrsg.) Verkrperungen

417 Pietro Daniel Omodeo Sixteenth Century Professors of Mathematics at the GermanUniversity of Helmstedt. A Case Study on Renaissance Scholarly Work and Networks

41 8 Peter Schttler & Hans-Jrg Rheinberger (ds.) Marc Bloch et les crises du savoir

419 Albert Presas i Puig (ed.) A Comparative Study of European Nuclear Energy Programs

420 Mathias Grote & Max Stadler (eds.) Membranes Surfaces BoundariesInterstices in the History of Science, Technology and Culture

421 Frank W. Stahnisch The emergence of Nervennahrung : Nerves, mind and metabolismin the long eighteenth century

422 Pietro Daniel Omodeo, Irina Tupikova Aristotle and Ptolemy on Geocentrism: Diverging Argu mentat ive St ra tegies and Ep is temologies (TOPOI Towards a Historical Epistemologyof Space)

42 3 Han F. Vermeulen Linguistik und Vlkerkunde der Beitrag der historisch-vergleichendenLinguistik von G.W. Leibniz zur Entstehung der Vlkerkunde im 18. Jahrhundert[Leicht erweiterte Fassung des Working Papers No. 133 aus dem MPI for Social Anthropology]

42 4 Alfred Gierer Mit Schiller gegen den Egoismus der Vernunft. Zeitbergreifende Gedankenzur Natur des Menschen

42 5 Annette Vogt Die Berliner HumboldtUniversitt von 1945/1946 bis 1960/1961

426 Klaus Geus, Martin Thiering (eds.) Common Sense Geography and Mental Modelling

427 Renate Wahsner Kann eine moderne Naturphilosophie auf Hegelsche Prinzipien gegrndetwerden? Spekulatives und naturwissenschaftliches Denken

428 Stefano Bordoni Widening th e Scope of Anal yt ical Mechan ics Duhems third pathway toThermodynamics

429 Pietro Daniel Omodeo Copernicus in the Cultural Debates of the Renaissance: Reception,Legacy, Transformation [Part I & II]

43 0 Mark Geller & Klaus Geus (eds.) Productive Errors: Scientific Concepts in Antiquity (TOPOI Dahlem Seminar for the History of Ancient Sciences)

431 Klaus Gottstein The Amaldi Conferences. Their Past and Their Potential Future

the scientific revolution revisited, 2012.pdf

Documents