The Scientific Revolution

• In the Middle Ages, the Catholic

Church was the authority on

science.

• Some people began to question

the Church’s authority…

• Francis Bacon stressed the

importance of observation to

figure out how the world works.

• Renee Descartes stressed the

importance of logic to figure out

how the world works.

• Observation and logic would form

the basis of the scientific method!

• Instead of just

accepting anything the

Church said, people

began to use the

scientific method– State a question or problem.

– Form a hypothesis.

– Conduct an experiment to

test the hypothesis.

– Make careful observations

and collect data.

– Analyze the data to see if

the hypothesis is correct.

Science Experiment

• Galileo performed a

famous science

experiment at the

Leaning Tower of

Pisa…

Steps in the Scientific Method

• State a question or

problem.

• Form a hypothesis.

• Conduct an

experiment to test the

hypothesis.

• Make careful

observations and

collect data.

• Analyze the data to

see if the hypothesis

is correct.

Steps in the Scientific Method• State a question or problem:

Do objects of different weights

fall at the same speed?

• Form a hypothesis:

Objects of different weights

fall at the same speed.

• Conduct an experiment to test

the hypothesis:

Drop a heavy ball and a light

ball from the top of the

Leaning Tower of Pisa to see if

they land at the same time.

• Make careful observations and

collect data:

The two balls landed at the

same time.

• Analyze the data to see if the

hypothesis is correct:

The hypothesis is correct.

FOUR SCIENTISTS MADE DISCOVERIES

THAT CHANGED THE WORLD

Used the

telescope to

support

Copernicus’

heliocentric

theory

Galileo’s Telescope

• Galileo used a telescope to

observe our solar system

• What did Galileo discover with his

telecope? List & draw three

discoveries in your notes.

• Galileo came to believe that the Earth moves, but the church disagreed with him.

• The church asked “If the Earth is moving, why can’t we feel it?”

• They ordered him to stop his experiments and threatened him with excommunication.

• However, he did not stop. He wanted to find proof.

The Church Response

The church asked,“If the Earth is moving, why can’t we feel it?”

How did Galileo answer this question?

In Galileo’s

experiment, the

horse represents

_______________.

The ball represents

_______________.

Galileo’s Horse Experiment

Where will the ball

land when he drops

it?

It falls straight down

and lands next to

the horse.

Galileo’s Horse Experiment

Where will the ball land when he

drops it? Will it fall straight down

again?

The ball still lands

next to the horse!

In Galileo’s experiment, the horse moves,

and the ball moves with it!

Therefore, the earth can move, and we move

with it without noticing!

Galileo’s Horse Experiment

• In 1632, Galileo published a book

called Dialogue on the Two Chief

World Systems

• The book described an imaginary

conversation about the theories of

Ptolemy and Copernicus

– The character that upheld the

geocentric theory was portrayed

as foolish

– The character that believed in the

heliocentric theory was logical

and convincing

• PREDICT: How do you think the

Catholic Church reacted? Why?

Galileo’s Book

• In 1633, the pope called Galileo to

Rome to face the Roman Inquisition

• The court accused Galileo of heresy

• The court forced him to swear that

the geocentric theory was true

Galileo & The Roman Inquisition …and yet

it moves.

• Galileo was put under house arrest

for the rest of his life.

• His theories lived on in his books.

The truth could not be silenced!

Galileo & The Roman Inquisition

Use page 391-392 to make a foldable

• On the outside of each flap, provide a title.

– @ THE CENTER, THE SHAPE OF ORBITS, FALLING OBJECTS, THE

MOON, sun, JUPITER

• On the inside top of each flap, describe and illustrate an

old way of thinking (Aristotle, Ptolemy)

• On the inside bottom of each flap, describe and illustrate a

new way of thinking (Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo)

• Create six flaps! Don’t cut until you finish!!!

Aristotle Copernicus Kepler Galileo

FOUR SCIENTISTS MADE DISCOVERIES

THAT CHANGED THE WORLD

What keeps the

moon traveling in

orbit around the

Earth? What keeps

the Earth orbiting

around the sun?

• Discovered the law of gravity.• All physical objects have a force of attraction

• The strength of the force depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them

Gravity holds the planets

and moons in orbit

If there was no gravity…

• Planets would NOT stay in orbit!

Gravity made you

fall, and it makes the

moon orbit around

the Earth!

Why am I

falling to the

ground?

My three laws of

motion explain

how everything

moves!

Calculus will

help us measure

curves and

irregular shapes!

I will use my

knowledge of

optics to invent

the reflecting

telescope!

Ocean Tides

• The moon pulls on

the oceans!

1st Law of Motion• An object at rest will remain at rest

unless acted on by an unbalanced force.

An object in motion continues in motion

with the same speed and in the same

direction unless acted upon by an

unbalanced force.

2nd Law of Motion

• Acceleration is

produced when a

force acts on a mass.

The greater the mass

(of the object being

accelerated) the

greater the amount of

force needed (to

accelerate the object).

• http://learningcenter.nsta.org/my_l

earning_center/sciguides/files/Hor

izontal-Balloons.swf

3rd Law of Motion

• For every

action there is

an equal and

opposite re-

action.

http://www.cpo.com/home/po

rtals/2/Media/post_sale_cont

ent/newtons%20third%20law

.swf

Science & Religion

• Sometimes, religion and

science conflict with

each other…

The Bible says:• “The world is firmly

established, it cannot be moved.“– Psalm 93:1, Psalm

96:10, and 1 Chronicles 16:30

• “The Lord set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved." – Psalm 104:5

• "And the sun rises and sets and returns to its place" – Ecclesiastes 1:5

Galileo said:

NO! The Earth

revolves around

the Sun!!!

Religion vs. Science

Take it back!

Admit that the

Earth does not

move!

OK, OK,

just don’t

torture me!

…and

yet it

moves.

The Bible says:

• God created the world in seven days

• The first humans were Adam and Eve

Charles Darwin said:

• NO! Science shows us that the world has been around for about 3.8 BILLION years, and we are related to apes

Religion vs. Science

Science & Religion

• Sometimes, religion and

science coexist just

fine…

“The most beautiful

system of the Sun, Planets

and Comets could only

proceed from the counsel

and dominion of an

intelligent being. All

variety of created objects

which represent order and

Life in the Universe could

happen only by the willful

reasoning of its original

Creator, whom I call the

Lord God.”

– Isaac Newton

•Inventions

Makes distant

objects seem

closer; used

to study the

skies

(astronomy)

Makes small

objects appear

much larger

Measures

temperature

Measures pressure

of the Earth’s

atmosphere

Used to predict

weather

Things to Remember

1. The scientific method

(hypothesize, observe,

experiment) was

important at this time.

2. The Church struggled

to keep people from

disagreeing with them.

3. Galileo was cool.