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The Science of Marine Biology Ch. 1 Slide 2 US and World Populaion Clock Lets check it every 10 minutes Slide 3 Objectives 1.Understand the brief history of marine biology 2.Review the scientific method 3.Induction vs. deduction Slide 4 What is biology? The study of life Botany Zoology Microbiology Slide 5 What is marine biology? Marine Biology: the science of biology applied to the sea Slide 6 What is marine science? Biological oceanography: Study of the biology, geography, and chemistry of the ocean Slide 7 Timeline Lets look at a students timeline from a couple years ago. Slide 8 What do YOU know about the ocean? Think about it for a minute and write a few things down. Be prepared to share... What do you want to know? Slide 9 It began with a clam bake? People started learning about the sea since the first time they saw the ocean Stone age: clambakes about 3 million years ago Polynesians Around 4000 B.C. Navigation, fishing, trading Hawaii, 500 AD NZ, 1000 AD Slide 10 Where is Polynesia? Slide 11 Phoenicians 2000 B.C. Phoenicians Mediterranean coast Extensive trade and navy Slide 12 Aristotle: the first marine biologist Greek philosopher 384-327 B.C Described many forms of sea life Recognized gills as breathing apparatus of fish Slide 13 Darwin and Forbes HMS Beagle sailed around the world in 1831 Map coastlines; atolls; barnacles; other sea life Forbes (1815-1854) focused on sea floor Azoic theory: life limited to depth--no life past 1800 ft. disproved Slide 14 The Challenger Expedition 1872-1876 First oceanographic expedition to circumnavigate the world Thousands of specimens 19 years to publish results, 50 volumes thick Laid the foundation for modern marine science Slide 15 Permanent laboratories Stazione Zoologica Naples, Italy, 1872 -- first marine lab in the world Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 1888 first marine lab in the U.S. Scientists now able to work from shore Slide 16 SONAR WW II (late 1930s) --> submarine warfare --> SONAR SONAR: SOund NAvigation Ranging Ship emits loud sounds (pinging) and times how long it takes to return. This determines depth. Slide 17 Sidescan SONAR Sound energy continuously transmitted from towfish in the shape of a fan that sweeps sea floor Records picture of ocean bottom Slide 18 SCUBA Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus Allow us to observe marine organisms in their environment Slide 19 Modern Marine Science Alvin Brings us to the depths (4000 m) Shinkai 6500 (Japanese) Can work down to 6500 meters!!! Remote sensing Using computers and satellites to track SST, currents, organisms, etc. FLIP (FLoating Instrument Platform)FLIP (FLoating Instrument Platform) Wave models for when I surf! Slide 20 Scientific Method: Quick Review Scientific conclusions MUST be based on observations Whats a hypothesis? A statement that might be true It can be tested No hypothesis can be absolutely proved true What is a theory? A hypothesis that has been accepted as true for the time being b/c it has passed test after test with a large body of supporting evidence It can be overturned by new evidence... Slide 21 Observation is the key As we observe more and more about the ocean we seek to explain our observations The water is red. Why? What makes it red? How will it affect marine life? How will it affect humans? Without observation, science would cease to exist... Slide 22 Induction vs. Deduction Induction: Separate observations (small/specific) arrive at general conclusions (big/general) Scientific method: observe--> hypothesis--> experiment--> theory Deduction: General principals (big/general) specific conclusions (small/specific) Begin with theory --> experiments and observations to test theory Example with gravity Slide 23 Human Population and the Ocean Pass out human population statistics What do you notice? Make a graph What do you notice about the curve? Whats this called? How will this affect the ocean? Slide 24 Exponential Growth Death rates continuing to decline. Why? Improvements in nutrition, sanitation, and health care During 1650 to 1800 pop doubled to 1bil. By 1930, doubled again to 2 bil. Doubling to 4 bil took less than 50 years! What type of curve? Why? Constant rate of growth. Slide 25 Slide 26 $$ Find a partner Would you rather receive $1,000.00 per day for a month OR start with $0.01 and double your money each day for a month (30 days) Find the total $30,000.00 5,905,609,000 cents or $59,056,090.00!! This is exponential growth Slide 27 Dead Zones due to humans? NPR interview on dead zonesNPR interview on dead zones Slide 28 Are we still in the age of discovery and exploration? What is your opinion? Assignment is two fold: 1.Do some research and write a one paragraph answer to this question. Provide at least two sources to support your opinion. 2.Second paragraph describes your own personal history with the ocean as well as the future. What does the ocean mean to you? How do you relate to it? Be prepared to share this with the class