the sar model developed at gdynia maritime … · 2005-04-05 · the sar model developed at gdynia...

THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT GDYNIA MARITIME UNIVERSITYGDYNIA MARITIME UNIVERSITY

LEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTSLEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTS

MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS

DOMAIN DETERMINATIONDOMAIN DETERMINATION

Zbigniew BurciuZbigniew Burciu,,LeszekLeszek SmolarekSmolarek, , JarosJarosłławaw SoliwodaSoliwoda, , Andrzej SzklarskiAndrzej Szklarski,,

Teresa Teresa AbramowiczAbramowicz--GerigkGerigk, Sebastian , Sebastian UklejaUkleja

GdyniaGdynia Maritime University – Poland Maritime University – Poland

Technologies for Search, Assistance and RescueTechnologies for Search, Assistance and RescueLe QuartzLe Quartz Brest, FranceBrest, France

Research carrResearch carriedied o outut in in GdyniaGdynia Maritime University - Poland Maritime University - Poland

andand

Maritime Search and Rescue Services PolandMaritime Search and Rescue Services Poland

Co-operating universitiesCo-operating universities

•• Maritime University Maritime University SzczecinSzczecin

•• Gdansk University of TechnologyGdansk University of Technology

•• Warsaw University of TechnologyWarsaw University of Technology

•• Wroclaw University of TechnologyWroclaw University of Technology

•• Military University in WarsawMilitary University in Warsaw

Co-operating research and development companiesCo-operating research and development companies

•• Institute of Aviation WarsawInstitute of Aviation Warsaw

•• Ship Design and Research Centre GdanskShip Design and Research Centre Gdansk

Partners from industryPartners from industry

•• Shipyard Shipyard WislaWisla Gdansk Gdansk

•• RadmorRadmor S.A. S.A. GdyniaGdynia

Research carrResearch carriedied o outut in in GdyniaGdynia Maritime University Maritime University –– Poland PolandRescue platform for picking up survivors and rafts during heavy weather condition

This R&D Project was funded by The State Committee for Scientific Research - Poland This R&D Project was funded by The State Committee for Scientific Research - Poland ((9 T12C 104 99C/44789 T12C 104 99C/4478))

Research carrResearch carriedied outout in in GdyniaGdynia Maritime University Maritime University –– Poland Poland

This R&D Project was funded by The State Committee for Scientific Research - PolandThis R&D Project was funded by The State Committee for Scientific Research - Poland ((148398/C-T00/2004148398/C-T00/2004))

Pyrotechnical pneumatic throwing life buoy (walk on presentation)


-18 -14 -10 -6 -2 2 6 10 140

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Research on probability of search object detectionResearch on probability of search object detection

Research carrResearch carriedied o outut in in GdyniaGdynia Maritime University Maritime University –– Poland Poland

Detection of survivors using thermo-night vision system. Under development.(Will be presented at Session 6)

This R&D Project was funded by The State Committee for Scientific Research - Poland This R&D Project was funded by The State Committee for Scientific Research - Poland ((6T12 083 2001C/56866T12 083 2001C/5686))

THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKATHE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKA

Water currents models

Model of surface currents field

Leeway model

Search area deterministic model

Verification of the search area model.

Conclusions

HIROMB - High Resolution Operational Model for the Baltic.Current velocity field model. Application.

Model parameter identification, classification, Vpr (Vw), Kp- Kw (Vw).Own research.

Identification of model parameters – VTr(Vw). Own research.

Search area model tested in real sea conditions.

Modelling the shape of search area.

Conclusions and future research.

Probabilistic methods in search area modelling Search area stochastic model.

Genesis of the search area model Genesis of the search area model

THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKATHE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKA,, LEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTS,LEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTS,MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS, MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS, DOMAIN DETERMINATIONDOMAIN DETERMINATION

Search objectsSearch objects

E

3E

Comparison of research resultsComparison of research results

E

3E

Drift error De =33%Drift errorDrift error DDee = =3333%%Drift error De =12.5%Drift errorDrift error DDee = =12.512.5%%

According to IAMSAR Volume II (changes before 2002)According to IAMSAR Volume II (changes before 2002)

MODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTSMODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTS

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0,80

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1,20

1,40

5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 [UTC]

[W •z•y]

Drift of liferaft Drift of Drift of liferaftliferaft

Velocity drift of liferaft (kts.)Velocity drift of liferaft (kts.)

Surface currentSurface currentSurface current

Kw

6°B ((constant)

Kw, 6°B((constant)

MODEL OF SURFACE MODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTSCURRENTS

Identification of surface currents field parameters Identification of surface currents field parameters VVprpr ((VVww), ), KKpp- - KKww ((VVww). ). Field investigations. Field investigations. Own research.Own research.

70°

1.1 kts.

0.4 kts.

Assumed reasonAssumed reason


Test resultsTest results

velocity and direction of surface currents velocity and direction of surface currents

4 current meters anchored at 80 m depth4 current meters anchored at 80 m depth

Measurements taken In the periodMeasurements taken In the period

from 07.04 to 13.04. 2000. from 07.04 to 13.04. 2000.

PositionsPositions:: ϕϕ == 55 55oo 25.46 25.46’’ N N λλ == 017 017o o 49.5249.52’’ E E ϕϕ == 55 55oo 25.56 25.56’’ N N λλ == 017 017o o 35.0535.05’’ E E ϕϕ == 5555oo 16.77 16.77’’ N N λλ == 017 017o o 36.0836.08’’ E E ϕϕ == 5555oo 16.62 16.62’’ N N λλ == 017 017o o 49.5049.50’’ E E

current meters

Surface current

HIROMBHIROMB MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTSMODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS

0

0,05

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Surface current velocities and directions obtained from HIROMB Model and current meters are different from each anotherSurface current velocities and directions obtained from HIROMB Model and current meters are different from each another

as it is presented in the above figures. Direction can differ of 180as it is presented in the above figures. Direction can differ of 180oo..

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model HIROMB position SW model HIROMB position SE

current meter position SW current meter position SE

Current velocityCurrent velocity Current directionCurrent direction

Comparison of surface currents velocities and directions obtained using HIROMB ModelComparison of surface currents velocities and directions obtained using HIROMB Model and measurementsand measurements taken at SE and SW taken at SE and SW current meters anchorage position current meters anchorage positionss


Heavy weather - strong wind over 12oB occurred during field investigations atsea (3 - 5.12.1999).The research life raft with measuring equipment was lost.

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18:00 20:00 22:00 00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00

godz.

Vp [cm/s], Vw [m/

Vp [cm /s]

Vw [m /s]

Wind force in Beaufort scale 10°B 11°B 12°B 12°B more more 12°B 11°B 10°B 9°B 8°B

Extreme conditionsExtreme conditions

1.2 kts.

hours

Mooring buoyMooring buoy

Doppler currentDoppler currentsensorsensor

Anchorage positionAnchorage position

0.5 mtrs.

Research buoy constructed for surface currents and wind parameters measurementResearch buoy constructed for surface currents and wind parameters measurementss and logging and logging 6. 6. Research buoy on positionResearch buoy on position ϕϕ== 55 55oo 30.02 30.02’’ N N λλ == 018 018oo13.5013.50’’ E E from from 05 05 OctoberOctober toto 23 23 OctoberOctober 2000 2000..

7. 7. Research buoy on positionResearch buoy on position ϕϕ == 55 55oo 30.02 30.02’’ N N λλ ==018018oo13.5013.50’’ E E fromfrom 27 27 NovemberNovember toto 15 15 DecemberDecember 2000. 2000.

HIROMBHIROMB MODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTSMODEL OF SURFACE CURRENTS

For investigation period For investigation period 27.11.2000 - 15.12.2000 r. 27.11.2000 - 15.12.2000 r.

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numer rekordu

V pr•du [w•z•y

Current velocities obtained from HIROMB model Current velocities obtained from research buoy

Comparison of surface current velocity and directionComparison of surface current velocity and directioncalculated using HIROMB Model and measured calculated using HIROMB Model and measured byby research measuring buoy research measuring buoy

Record number

Elements of the analysis of surface currents field Elements of the analysis of surface currents field

Speed of surface current (kts..)

Deviation of current directionfrom wind direction

Wind speed (Vw)

MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTSMODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS

Vp18 Vp18 ktskts..

KwKwAcc.IAMSAR Volume II

Drift models not correct for the wind speedless then 15(18) knots.

Kw

Kw

Kw

Vw 0-18 w. Vw 23 w.

Vw 28 w. Vw 34 w.

Vw 40 w. Vw 50 w.

Results of surface currentResults of surface currentss field analysis in comparison with IMO regulations field analysis in comparison with IMO regulations

((wind currentwind current according toaccording to IAMSAR IAMSAR VolumeVolume II II (before (before 2002 2002 and after changes and after changes in in 2002 )2002 )

30o


Wind speed range in red.

Search area classes according to wind speedSearch area classes according to wind speed

ClassClass I I

VVww≤≤ 18 18 ktskts..

ClassClass II II

18<18<VVww ≤≤ 30 30 ktskts..

Class IIIClass III

VVww>30 >30 ktskts..

TAXONOMY OF SERCH AREASTAXONOMY OF SERCH AREAS

Envelope of surface current speedEnvelope of surface current speed

VVprpr = = 0 0 ÷÷ 0,35 0,35 [[ktskts..]] for VVww ==1818VVprpr = (0,230446 + 0,0070957 = (0,230446 + 0,0070957 ·· VVww ) )22 ±± 0,17 0,17 [[ktskts..] ] for VVww > 18> 18


Kts.

Kts.

Acc.

Divergence between wind and current directions as a function of wind speed Divergence between wind and current directions as a function of wind speed


Left divergence from wind direction Right divergence from wind direction

Sector from 180o to 0o Sector from 0o to 180o

Windvelocity

(kts.)

For the object drifting with constant velocity relative to the water the following formula can be givenFor the object drifting with constant velocity relative to the water the following formula can be given

FFNN ++FFOO = = 00

Fo

FN


Identification of model parameters, active identification Identification of model parameters, active identification VVTrTr((VVww). Own research.). Own research.

Modelling of wind pressure force and water resistanceModelling of wind pressure force and water resistance

10 13 16 19 22 25 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

FN [N]

VW

Wind pressure force curve for 10 personsWind pressure force curve for 10 persons life raftlife raft

0 0,3 0,6 0,9 1,2 1,5 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

FO [N]

Vtr

Water resistance curve for 20 persons life raft loaded 100%Water resistance curve for 20 persons life raft loaded 100%

Institute of Aviation WarsawInstitute of Aviation Warsaw

Ship Design and Research Centre GdanskShip Design and Research Centre Gdansk

LEEWAY OF SEARCHLEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTSOBJECTS

Leeway modelLeeway model

Model of the wind velocity influence on life raft speedModel of the wind velocity influence on life raft speedfor life rafts without droguefor life rafts without drogue i is the following polynomial:s the following polynomial:

0w12

w23

w34

w4wtr aVaVaVaV)(VV ++++= a

0w12

w23

w34

w45

w56

w67

w78

w8wtr aVaVaVaVaVaVaVaV)(VV ++++++++= a


Model of the wind velocity influence on life raft speedModel of the wind velocity influence on life raft speedfor life rafts with droguefor life rafts with drogue i is the following polynomial:s the following polynomial:

Comparison of leeway modelsComparison of leeway modelsfor life rafts without droguefor life rafts without droguedue to IAMSAR Volume IIdue to IAMSAR Volume II(before 2002) recommendations(before 2002) recommendations

0

0,5

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2

2,5

3

3,5

4

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 Vw [knots]

Vtr [knots]

Vtr20-2 Vtr20-20 Vtr10-1 Vtr10-10 Vtr6-1 Vtr6-6 IMO

Comparison of leeway modelsComparison of leeway modelsfor life rafts with droguefor life rafts with droguedue to IAMSAR Volume IIdue to IAMSAR Volume II(after 2002) recommendations(after 2002) recommendations

Third comparison

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Wind speed [knots]

leew

ay s

peed

[kno

ts]

Tratw a 1

Tratw a 2

Tratw a 3

Tratw a 4

IAMSAR

IAMSAR

777ooB – 8 B – 8 ooBB

77ooB – 8 B – 8 ooBB


Search area has been change due to:Search area has been change due to:

-- wind direction errorwind direction error, (, (WDE),WDE),

-- wind speed errorwind speed error, (, (WSE),WSE),

-- leeway error due to life raft loading by survivorsleeway error due to life raft loading by survivors, (, (BBtrtr)),,

-- change of surface currents field due to wind speed.change of surface currents field due to wind speed.

KwW

DE

WD

E

WDE = sin(10WDE = sin(10oo) ) ··VVtrtr·· t t

Influence of wind speed error id definedInfluence of wind speed error id definedby the following formulaby the following formula::

for life raft with droguefor life raft with drogue

WSE = 0,05 WSE = 0,05 ·· ∆∆VVww ·· t t

For life raft without drogueFor life raft without drogue

WSE = 0,08 WSE = 0,08 ··∆∆VVww ·· t t

∆∆VVww–– wind speed error (assumed as 2 knots). wind speed error (assumed as 2 knots).

Wind direction error Wind direction error ((±±1010ºº)) causescausesleeway direction errorleeway direction error WDEWDE

Kw

WSE WSE

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 Vw [knots]

Vtr [knots]

Vtr20-2 Vtr20-20 Vtr10-1 Vtr10-10 Vtr6-1 Vtr6-6 IMO

Distress position

Commence search

Datum surface current field

Wind speed

Surface currents field parameters

Leeway

Wind direction

Time interval

Wind direction error

Current velocity

Wind speed error

Current direction

Surface current field

DP Leeway

Angledirections

Wind direction

Surface currentfield

DSCF

WDEWDEWSE+B WSE+B trtr

MethodologyMethodology

DOMAIN DETERMINATIONDOMAIN DETERMINATION -- REGRESION APPROACHREGRESION APPROACH

DPDPDSCF

Wind directionWind direction error

Wind direction errorWind speed error +B tr Wind speed error +B tr

Search area

Object leewayObject leeway

Closed seas (without influence of sea currents and tidal currents)Closed seas (without influence of sea currents and tidal currents)

THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKATHE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKALEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTSLEEWAY OF SEARCH OBJECTS

MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS MODEL OF SURFACE WATER CURRENTS DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION

Zbigniew BurciuZbigniew Burciu,,LeszekLeszek SmolarekSmolarek, , JarosJarosłławaw SoliwodaSoliwoda, , Andrzej SzklarskiAndrzej Szklarski,,



Technologies for Search, Assistance and RescueTechnologies for Search, Assistance and RescueLe QuartzLe Quartz Brest, FranceBrest, France

Presented by Presented by LeszekLeszek SmolarekSmolarek

STOCHASTIC MODELSTOCHASTIC MODEL

Semi-axisSemi-axis(l(l22)) of the ellipseof the ellipse is dependent is dependent on on Vpr , Vw , WDE, Kp-Kwand leeway angle

l1(t) = [Vpr + Btr] · t + WSE

l2(t) = [sin(Kp-Kw)Vpr] · t + WDE

Wind direction

l1

l2Semi-axisSemi-axis (l(l11) ) of the ellipseof the ellipse is dependent is dependent onon VVprpr , , VVww , WSE, WSEand leeway speed variation errorand leeway speed variation error ( (BBtrtr))dependent on number of persons in the life raftdependent on number of persons in the life raft

SEARCH AREA DETERMINISTIC MODELSEARCH AREA DETERMINISTIC MODEL

Modelling the search areaModelling the search area

Probability distribution of Probability distribution of ll11(t)(t) axis axis

For life raftFor life raft with droguewith drogue

≤++

++<≤++−−−+

++−<

=

=<

xtBtVtdla

tBtVtxtBtVtdlatBtVtxt

tBtVtxdla

xtlP

trpr

trprtrprtrpr

trpr

1,01

1,01,0)1,0(2,0

11,00

]),([ 1 ω

≤++

++<≤++−−−+

++−<

=

=<

xtBtVtdla

tBtVtxtBtVtdlatBtVtxt

tBtVtxdla

xtlP

trpr

trprtrprtrpr

trpr

16,01

16,016,0)16,0(2,0

116,00

]),([ 1 ω

DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION –– PROBABILISTIC APPROACH PROBABILISTIC APPROACH

For life raftFor life raft without droguewithout drogue

≤−+

−+<≤−+−−−+

−+−<

=

=<

xtKw)V(Kpt)V(dla

tKw)V(Kpt)V(xtKw)V(Kpt)V(dlat)V(

t)VK(Kt)V(xtKw)V(Kpt)V(xdla

x]ω(t P[l

prtro

oprtr

oprtr

o

tro

prwptro

prtro

sin10sin1

sin10sinsin10sin10sin2

sin10sinsin10sin0

),2

Probability distribution of Probability distribution of ll22(t)(t) axis axis

DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION –– PROBABILISTIC APPROACH PROBABILISTIC APPROACH

Model conditions

Surface area is given by formula S = π l1 l2 .Probability of big area increments tends to zero if the time interval tends to zero.We can use diffusion process to describe the search area changes.

,2

2

SPG

SPA

tP Ss

∂∂

+∂∂

−=∂∂

AASS –– average speed of area incrementsaverage speed of area increments ((∆∆S)S)GGSS –– square average change of area incrementssquare average change of area increments ((∆∆S)S) per time unitper time unitParametParameteer r GGSS describedescribess the random changes of surface area. the random changes of surface area.

DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION –– STOCHASTIC APPROACH STOCHASTIC APPROACH

Two - dimensional modelTwo - dimensional model

The Fokker –The Fokker – Planck equationPlanck equation

( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) 32121

212

322

222

212

312

121

212

3222

21311

1

2121

Pr),,(

PrPr),,(2

PrPr),,(2

PrPr),,(PrPr),,(),,(

llll

tllU

ll

tllUll

tllU

ll

tllUll

tllUt

tllU

∆∆∂∂

∂+

++∆∂

∂++∆

∂∂

+

++∆∂

∂−+∆

∂∂

−=∂

∂

λλ

λλ

∆∆ll11 , , ∆∆ll22 –– increments of increments of ll11 andand l l22 axesaxes, , accordinglyaccordingly,,PrPr00 –– probability of zero area increment, probability of zero area increment,PrPr11 –– probability of area increment in probability of area increment in ll11 axis directionaxis direction,, (wind direction) (wind direction)PrPr22 –– probability of area increment in probability of area increment in ll22 axis direction, axis direction, (perpendicular to wind(perpendicular to wind))PrPr33 –– probability of area increment in both axes directionsprobability of area increment in both axes directions

PrPr00 + Pr + Pr11 + Pr + Pr22 + Pr + Pr3 3 = 1= 1


Solution of Fokker – Planck equationSolution of Fokker – Planck equation

( ) ( )( )

( )

−+

+

−−

−

−−

−−

=

)()(

)()()()(2

)()(

)1(22exp

1)()(21),,(

2

222

21

2211

1

211

2221

21

tstml

tststmltmlr

tstml

rrtststllU

π

( )∫ ∆+=t

dxxlts0

211 )()( 31 PrPrλ

( )∫ ∆+=t

dxxltm0

11 )()( 31 PrPrλ

( )∫ ∆+=t

dxxlts0

222 )()( 32 PrPrλ

( )∫ ∆+=t

dxxltm0

22 )()( 32 PrPrλ

)()(

)()(

21

021

tsts

dxxlxlr

t

∫ ∆∆=

3Prλ


2

2

1κ

−−= ePOC

2211 , slsl ⋅=⋅= κκ

( ) ( )12

2

22

21

21 =

−+

−

lmy

lmx

DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION –– ALGORITMALGORITM

Centre and axes of the area

( )∫ ∆+=t

dxxltm0

11 )()( 31 PrPrλ

( )∫ ∆+=t

dxxltm0

22 )()( 32 PrPrλ

−

=POC11ln2κ

DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION –– ExampleExample

The solution of Fokker –Planck equationThe solution of Fokker –Planck equation

Problems with POC & POSProblems with POC & POS

In amendments to IAMSAR (11th June 2001) we can read:

„Do not use POS graphs (Figures N -11 and N - 12) for searches of leeway divergence datums.The variations in the relationship between divergence distance and the probable error of positioncreate a situation that is too complex to represent on a graph. For the same reason, notemplates for constructing probability maps for two leeway divergence datums are provided inAppendix M.”

During search action planning the main aim is to maximizethe probability of success POS

POS=POC x POD

According to US Coast Guard* the best idea to optimize searcharea is using the highest possible POS for the available effort.

No other practice will save more lives.

*Search Theory for Controllers. A text for students in the Maritime Search Planning Course,National Search and Rescue School. U.S. Coast Guard Training Centre, Yorktown, VA, Version

2.0 (JAWS Compliant) 30 April 2003.


In IAMSAR and its amendments there is no guidance how to calculate POCIn IAMSAR and its amendments there is no guidance how to calculate POCfor Leeway Divergence for Leeway Divergence DatumsDatums. Therefore POS can. Therefore POS can not not be be estimateestimated.d.

In SERCH THEORY FOR CONTROLLERS In SERCH THEORY FOR CONTROLLERS we can find information thatwe can find information thatthe only way to calculate POC is using Monte Carlo simulation.the only way to calculate POC is using Monte Carlo simulation.

It should be questioned if this technique is the best way of estimating POC.It should be questioned if this technique is the best way of estimating POC.

We would like to present a new solutionWe would like to present a new solution::

Application of Fokker – Planck EquationApplication of Fokker – Planck Equation


( )

Φ−

Φ⋅

Φ−

Φ=∈

2

2

2

1

1

2

1

1

sy

sy

sx

sxSNP oooo

( ) .2

exp21

0

2

∫

−=Φ

g

o dttgπ

Application of Fokker – Planck equation allows to determine search area for a givenApplication of Fokker – Planck equation allows to determine search area for a givenprobability and allows to determine the probabilities of object containment in anprobability and allows to determine the probabilities of object containment in an

arbitrary defined area.arbitrary defined area.

Area for theArea for thegivengiven

probabilityprobabilityOptional subOptional sub

area which wearea which wewould like towould like to

determine thedetermine theprobabilityprobability

S1

S2

S

Probability mapProbability map

Probability density function of search object positions in search areaProbability density function of search object positions in search area

Probabilistic model of search areaProbabilistic model of search area DDomainomain DDeterminationetermination

Probability of life raft containment in sub area (S) parallel to theProbability of life raft containment in sub area (S) parallel to the ellips ellipsee axes axesis given by the formulais given by the formula::

( )

Φ−

Φ⋅

Φ−

Φ=∈

2

4

2

3

1

2

1

1

σσσσddddSNP oooo

,cossin 22

211 δδσ ss +=

,cossin 22

212 γγσ ss += ,1 ODd = ,2 OCd =

,3 OFd = ,4 OEd =

S1

2S

S

K

L

N

M

C

D

E

F

GA

H'G'

HB

0

mm11

mm22DPDP

DSCFDSCF

Wind directionWind direction

ll11

ll22

Search area

Leeway of objectLeeway of object

Centre of the searcharea

DOMAIN DETERMINATION DOMAIN DETERMINATION –– GRAPHICAL ILLUSTRATIONGRAPHICAL ILLUSTRATION

Zbigniew BurciuZbigniew BurciuLeszekLeszek SmolarekSmolarek, , JarosJarosłławaw SoliwodaSoliwoda, , Andrzej SzklarskiAndrzej Szklarski,,



Technologies for Search, Assistance and RescueTechnologies for Search, Assistance and RescueLeLe QuartzQuartz BrestBrest, France, France

Search and Rescue Computer Aided SysteSearch and Rescue Computer Aided Systemm



PresentedPresented by Jaros by Jarosłław aw SoliwodaSoliwoda

THE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKATHE SAR MODEL DEVELOPED AT AKADEMIA MORSKA

Polish - SRR

ComputerComputer aiddedaidded SAR System. SAR System.

This R&D Project was funded by The State Committee for Scientific Research - PolandThis R&D Project was funded by The State Committee for Scientific Research - Poland ((2288/C.T12-9/982288/C.T12-9/98))

Zbigniew Zbigniew BurciuBurciu,,Leszek Leszek SmolarekSmolarek, Jaros, Jarosłław aw SoliwodaSoliwoda, Andrzej Szklarski,, Andrzej Szklarski,

Teresa Teresa AbramowiczAbramowicz--GerigkGerigk, Sebastian Ukleja, Sebastian Ukleja

Gdynia Gdynia MaritimeMaritime UniversityUniversity – – PolandPoland

TechnologiesTechnologies for for SearchSearch, , AssistanceAssistance andand RescueRescueLeLe QuartzQuartz BrestBrest, France, France

ConclusionsConclusions



PresentedPresented by Teresa by Teresa AbramowiczAbramowicz--GerigkGerigk

Sea investigations of life rafts and survivor model carried out in differentSea investigations of life rafts and survivor model carried out in differentweather conditions, from 3°B to 10°B -12°weather conditions, from 3°B to 10°B -12° BB

Determination of the influence of life raftDetermination of the influence of life raft’s’s crew load on drift error crew load on drift error

Determination of undisturbed leeway of objects (life rafts velocitiesDetermination of undisturbed leeway of objects (life rafts velocitiesrelative to the water) for relative to the water) for VVww in the range of 0-65 knots (<10° B) in the range of 0-65 knots (<10° B)

Measurements of real elements of surface currents field (determination Measurements of real elements of surface currents field (determination ofofsurface current speed and direction)surface current speed and direction)

VVerificationerification formulated on the basis of test formulated on the basis of testss results results

Verification of the search areas determination methodVerification of the search areas determination method

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

The model developed for search areas determination allows to increase the chanceThe model developed for search areas determination allows to increase the chancetoto find alive survivors in the water and in find alive survivors in the water and in the the life saving appliances,life saving appliances,

improveimprovess effectiveness of SAR action and reduce effectiveness of SAR action and reducess costs of SAR action costs of SAR actiondue to the following elements:due to the following elements:

-- more accurate and more precise determination of search domain withmore accurate and more precise determination of search domain with significantly smaller area (shorter time of SAR action), significantly smaller area (shorter time of SAR action),

-- real time updating of hydro meteorological parameters,real time updating of hydro meteorological parameters,

-- takingtaking into consideration into consideration search objects sizesearch objects sizess (for example 6, 10 or 20 (for example 6, 10 or 20 p personsersons life life rafts)rafts), , and effect of the life raft’s crew load,and effect of the life raft’s crew load,

-- consideration of surface currents field influence.consideration of surface currents field influence.

- determination of POC probability for an arbitrary chosen sub area of the- determination of POC probability for an arbitrary chosen sub area of the determined search domain, determined search domain,

DOMAIN DETERMINATIONDOMAIN DETERMINATION -- REGRESION APPROACHREGRESION APPROACH

DPDP

DSCF

Wind directionWind direction error

Wind direction errorWind speed error +B tr Wind speed error +B tr

Search area

Object leewayObject leeway

Open Open seas (withseas (with influence of sea currents and tidal currents)influence of sea currents and tidal currents)

Sea current

Sea current

Continuation of research worksContinuation of research worksRESEARCH ON THE LEEWAY OF SURVIVOR IN THE WATERRESEARCH ON THE LEEWAY OF SURVIVOR IN THE WATER

Continuation of research worksContinuation of research worksRESEARCH ON SMALL OBJECTS LEEWAYRESEARCH ON SMALL OBJECTS LEEWAY


Readjustment of rescue platform for picking up survivors to pick up fast rescue boats in heavy weather conditions

ThankThank youyou for attention for attention

All computing, publication and presentation works were carried out usingAll computing, publication and presentation works were carried out usinglicensed software owned by licensed software owned by GdyniaGdynia Maritime University. The software Maritime University. The softwarewas purchased within the R&D projects funded by Polish State Committeewas purchased within the R&D projects funded by Polish State Committeefor Scientific Researchfor Scientific Research

Microsoft Office 2000;Microsoft Office 2000;

Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0;Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0;

MathsoftMathsoft MathcadMathcad 2000; 2000;

StatgraphicsStatgraphics Plus 6.0; Plus 6.0;

AutodeskAutodesk AutocadAutocad 2000; 2000;

Microsoft Windows NT/2000/98,Microsoft Windows NT/2000/98,

DBE BorlandDBE Borland

RESEARCH WORKS ON SARRESEARCH WORKS ON SAR

the sar model developed at gdynia maritime … · 2005-04-05 · the sar model developed at gdynia...

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