the samurai · •the samurai eventually became a class unto themselves. • they were called by...
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The Samurai
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Warm-Up: Imagine you are a samurai invited to the New Year
dinner by the Shogun. What do you think will be on the menu and served for dinner tonight?
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The Menu The Menu in early medieval Japan is quite simple:
• Jelly Fish • Pickled Japanese apricot• Salt and vinegar for seasoning• Rice• Saki ( a wine made from rice)
Possible additions to the menu:
• Soup of chopped vegetables, fish, or meat made with a miso base.
• Miso (soybeans fermented in salt)
• Steamed vegetables and seaweed
• Soy sauce• Boiled fish• tofu
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• By 200 AD, rice farming had been known on the islands of Japan for 500 years.
• People had to defend their land and rice fields.
• Some were naturally better suited to fighting then others and became specialists at fighting.
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• Those who fought became warriors, and the strong became the leaders of their clans.
• The wars they fought resulted in larger clans overcoming and absorbing smaller ones.
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• The Samurai eventually became a class unto themselves.
• They were called by two names: Samurai (knights) and Bushi(warriors).
• Some of them were related to the ruling class. Others were hired men, called Ronin.
• They gave complete loyalty to their Daimyo (feudal landowners) and received land in return.
• Each Daimyo used his Samurai to protect his land and to expand his power and rights to more land.
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• The Japanese Samurai had three different ranks:
1. kenin – meaning “ housemen.” They were the administrators or vassals.
2. mounted samurai: only high-ranking samurai warriors were allowed to fight on horseback.
3. Foot soldiers
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• The Samurai were privileged to wear two swords, and at one time had the right to cut down any commoner who offended them.
• One sword was long; the other short. The long sword (daito - katana) was more than 24 inches. The short sword (shoto - wakizashi) was between 12 and 24 inches.
•
•Commoners were not allowed to wear any weapons at all.
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• The ideal samurai was supposed to be a stoic warrior who followed an unwritten code of conduct called Bushido, which held bravery, honor, and loyalty above life itself.
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Bushido was the code by which all samurai warriors were supposed to live. A samurai who did not live according to this code brought dishonor to himself and his lord, and this violation required him to commit seppuku, or ritual suicide.
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• If a samurai behaved in a dishonorable way or was captured by an enemy he would commit a ritualistic suicide called seppuku.
• He would take his sword and cut open his own stomach.
• A friend would then take a very sharp sword and cut off his head.
• In this way the samurai could preserve his honor.
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• His goal was to achieve oneness of body, mind, and spirit.
• He must always be clean and properly dressed for the occasion, always with two swords.
• He should practice good manners and never sit idly doing nothing.
• He must always know right and wrong, which are the same as good and evil.
• "Duty" is a primary philosophy of the Samurai.
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• At birth: You will be considered to be a one year old, and a sword will already at your side, just where it will be at your death.
• The sword is your soul.• . At birth, a samurai was
given a name by which he would be known until his coming of age ceremony.
• At age 5: You will get your first haircut and your first set of samurai clothing.
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• At age 7: You will now wear nakama, which are wide pants that you wear over your kimono.
• You will begin to learn to ride a horse and use a wooden sword.
• You will be passing from babyhood to childhood.
• You will learn to read and write, and your education in the arts will begin.
• You will learn the fine art of calligraphy, which is done with a brush and ink.
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• Between ages 10 and 12: You will go to a Buddhist monastery or samurai training school to continue your education for another 4 or 5 years.
• You will learn about Chinese classical literature and how to recite and write poetry, especially haiku.
• You will learn to dance and to appreciate Japanese theater.
• You will also train in the martial arts and learn how to use a sword, a spear, and a bow.
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• At age 14 or 15: The gembuku ceremony is performed as a declaration of your manhood.
• The Gembuku is your coming of age ceremony.
• You will receive your adult name. During your lifetime you can expect to be known by a series of names.
• The first name would be your family name. The second name would be given to you as a gift from a powerful person such as the shogun.
• The front of your head will be shaved.
• You will be given a steel sword and a suit of armor.
• a
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• Once your have finished your training, you will then be a samurai.
• Ready to protect—even give your life for—your lord.
• It is not likely that you will live until you are old., but if you do and retire from fighting, you will be treated with great respect until you die.
• You will then be cremated, and your ashes will be buried at a Buddhist temple.
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• Many Samurai who were facing seppuku (ritual suicide) or a honorable death were expected to write a short farewell poem that expressed their thoughts about their upcoming death.
• Here are several poems written minutes before the writers death.
Minamoto Yorimasa (1104-1180) Like a rotten log
half buried in the ground -my life, which
has not flowered, comes to this sad end.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598)My life
came like dew disappears like dew.
All of Naniwa is dream after dream.
Ota Dokan ( 1432-‐1486)Had I not known that I was dead
already I would have mourned
my loss of life.
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Yes, there were female samurai.
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