the russian revolution the story of russia to ussr readings: spodek, pp. 658-661
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The Russian The Russian RevolutionRevolution
The story of Russia to USSR The story of Russia to USSR
Readings: Spodek, pp. 658-661Readings: Spodek, pp. 658-661
Nicholas I (1825-1855)
Hated Industrial Revolution and French Revolution
Wanted to make world safe for autocracy
Fought against progress in Russia and Europe
Alexander II (1855-1881)
Son of Nicholas I.
He came to the throne during the Crimean War
Emancipated the serfs in 1861
Alexander III (1881-1894)
Increased the repressive powers of the police
Limited the power of the local assemblies
Pograms against anyone who was not Russian
Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
Imperialistic Conflict over Korea and Imperialistic Conflict over Korea and ManchuriaManchuria
Russia trying to ward off rebellionRussia trying to ward off rebellion
Bloody Sunday-January 22, 1905
Began in St PetersburgDisaster of Russo-Japanese War
revealed corruption and incompetence of czar
Created Duma, limited economic reform
World War I/ Rasputin
Had control over the Tsar Nicholas II and the Tsarina
Was murdered in December 1916
World War I was a disaster.
How Do Bolsheviks Get Power?
Lenin arrives in Petrograd (St. Petersburg)—April 16. 1917
Lenin calls for armed insurrection—Oct. 16, 1917 (Russian Calendar) October Revolution begins, October 24,
1917 (Russian Calendar), November 6, 1917 (Western European Calendar)
Lenin, Trotsky and Stalin
Treaty of Brest Litovsk—March 3, 1918
Lost 32% of the land
Lost Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Much of the Ukraine
Much of Belarussia
Civil War and Lenin’s Rule
From 1918-1921
RedsWhites
Creation of USSR Nationalization of
all land and banks New Economic
Plan Lenin dies of a
stroke
Power Struggle after Lenin’s Death and Stalin’s Rule
Forced collectivization
“The Great Famine” “The Great Terror” Purges Gulag
Contemporary Problems
Cold War with US from 1945-1991
Mikhail Gorbachev’s Glasnost allowed Democracy to Emerge
Perestroika—socialism not possible in capitalist world
Resigns December 25, 1991
End of Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War
Boris Yeltsin
Problems: – Economy was a
mess– Workers not paid– National Debt– IMF and World
Bank Money to Cronies
– Politics a Mess
Today in Russia and the Former Soviet Union
A weak Boris Yeltsin names Vladimir Putin, former KGB agent, Premier then President
Communists Still Have Some Power: Many want stability of Old System back
Today’s Russia (continued)
Ethnic groups want autonomy or Independence
Putin has destroyed Chechnya
Reports of rapes and pillage
Nationalists want powerful Soviet Union
Questions still needing answers
Winners and Losers
Winners– Communist Party– Some Workers– Massive Literacy Project—
all those who learn to read and write
– Vastly improved health care—all those who lived longer and healthier
– Women
Losers– Poorest peasants– Traditional Russian upper
classes– Many of those in
traditional Russian middle classes
– Those killed or imprisoned because of oppressive regime
– Jews, Muslims, other ethnic minorities