The Russian Revolution How well is Russia prepared at the beginning of the 20th century to fight a war? How is the military capacity of Russia? Why is Russia’s will to fight exhausted? Czar Nicholas turns out to be an incompetent military leader.

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As the Czar is in the front, Alexandra and her advisor Rasputin virtually run the country. Why does the Czarina have so much faith in the self-styled monk and mystic? Why is he eventually eliminated?

RC Develop a sequence of events leading to the March Revolution.

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• The March revolution of 1917

• The Duma (Russian parliament) demands the Czar to step down.

• Why does he decide to accept the request?

• Now the head of the government is Alex. Kerensky but cannot cope with the soviets.

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A charismatic leader is being shipped to Russia from Germany in a sealed train like a plague to cause havoc in Russian politics. He is…

• What kind of revolution is Lenin in favor of?

• Despite his dangerous ideology, Germany supports him. Why?

• RC What is Lenin’s plan for Russia?

• What were the three principle propaganda slogans of the Bolsheviks?

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On Nov.6th 1917 Bolsheviks seize power and the provisional government is finished.

Lenin signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.RC. What was the impact of the treaty on Russia?

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The Treaty Brest-Litovsk handed over vast territory of Russia to the Central Power and in return got Russia out of the First World War. Why do you think the Russian Communist were willing to give up on so much land?

Russian Civil War.• The Reds against the Whites.

• Siberia and the formation of an international anti communist force.

• The Cheka and the Red Terror. What does it remind you of in history?

The annexation of Georgia,

Armenia and…QuickTime™ and a

decompressorare needed to see this picture. RC: Who opposed the new Bolshevik

Regime?

The Communist Triumph

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The Communist victory would hardly be possible without organizational skills of Leon Trotsky, the founder of the mighty Red Army. How is T. able to discipline his soldiers? RC. Why did the Red Army prevail over the White Army?

How does the Communist dictatorship differs from other form of totalitarian rules?

QuickTime™ and a decompressorare needed to see this picture.Cheka- the Red Terror

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With the execution of the Romanovs, the 300 years ofdynastical rule come to an end.

S.4. The End of War• Things are not looking all that good for the

Allies in 1917. Why?

• Why is the entry of the US a pivotal event for the outcome of the Great War?

• Erik von Ludendorff and his final military gamble.

• The Kaiser resigns.

• Armistice is reached on what day? QuickTime™ and a decompressor

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Germany and Austro-Hungarian Empire in turmoil

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Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, two prominent communists figures, are being murdered. Why were they assassinated?

The Austro-Hungarian monarchy starts to disintegrate. Why does she not survive after the war like Germany does? RC. What happened within Germany after the armistice?

The Peace Settlements.

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Dr. Wilson

The Wilson proposal. Why was it considered too idealistic?

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David Loyd

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George Clemenceau

What were the British PM and the French president really after.

Reparations - explain the term

• January 25th - the creation of the League of Nations, the precursor of the UN.

• Wilson caves in to the Allies demands.

• The Treaty of Versailles. Who are the 5 defeated nations?

• Why does Germany dislike the paragraph 231?

• What restrictions are being imposed on the German Army?

• What territory has to be returned to France?

Europe before the WWI

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Europe in 1918

What are the “new” nations that come into existence? What ethnical problem can you anticipate in the future?

The Middle East

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Another empire is being wiped out. Which one?What countries become mandates under the French and British rule? Why are they being called mandates and not colonies?

Legacy of the War• 10,000 000 people parish• Millions of hurt and mutilated.• Billions of dollars in material damage.• National indebtedness for fighting the war. • Freedom under attac.• Europe is being radicalized by competing

political forces - the communists, the fascists, the anarchists etc.

• RC. What clause in the Treaty of Versailles angers Germany.

• An uneasy peace would only last for 20 years.